Pregled bakterij v vrtači Yarık, Antalja, Turčija, v zvezi z raztapljanjem karbonata, biomineralizacijo in biotehnološkim potenciali

Abiotic and biotic factors, especially microorganisms, play a role in the development of cave formations and the existence of unique characteristics of each cave. Due to the ecological conditions that characterize the cave environments, highly specialized microorganisms that are the main source of diverse bioactive compounds, inhabit these environments. The aim of this study is to determine the role and biotechnological potential of the bacteria isolated from Yarık Sinkhole located in Antalya (Turkey) by screening their ability to induce the CaCO3 precipitation, to hydrolyze urea, to induce calcite dissolution, and screening their possession of NRPS/PKS gene clusters. The most prevalent phylum is the Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) (75.7 %), while the dominant species is Bacillus pumilus (33 %). All the isolates showed crystal formation on B4 agar medium, and the Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses showed that the crystals are predominately composed of calcium, carbon and oxygen. Ninety-six (96 %) of our isolates have negative ureolytic activity. According to this result and having the ability to induce the CaCO3 precipitation, bac­teria in this environment use other biosynthesis pathways than urea hydrolysis. MgCO3 and CaCO3 were dissolved by 61 % and 59 % of the isolates, respectively. In addition, 5.9 % and 53.7 % of the isolates showed the possession of PKS and NRPS genes, respectively. This result reveals that our isolates have high in­dustrial and biotechnological potential. They may constitute good candidates for further biotechnological applications such as construction of bio-concretes, bioremediation, soil fertility, and production of biologically active secondary metabolites.Abiotski in biotski dejavniki, zlasti mikroorganizmi, imajo pomembno vlogo pri nastanku jamskih oblik in glede edinstvenih značilnosti vsake jame. Zaradi ekoloških razmer, ki so značilne za jamska okolja, ta okolja naseljujejo visoko specializirani mikroorganizmi, ki so glavni vir raznih bioaktivnih spojin. Cilj te študije je opredeliti vlogo in biotehnološki potencial bakterij, izoliranih iz vrtače Yarık v Antalji (Turčija), s pregledom njihove zmožnosti, da povzročijo obarjanje CaCO3, hidrolizirajo sečnino, povzročijo raztapljanja kalcita, in njihove vsebnosti genskih skupin NRPS in PKS. Najpogostejše deblo je Bacillota (sinonim: Firmicutes) (75,7 %), prevladujoča vrsta pa je Bacillus pumilus (33 %). Pri vseh izolatih se je na agarnem gojišču B4 pojavila tvorba kristalov, analize z energijsko disperzivno rentgensko spektroskopijo (EDS) pa so pokazale, da so kristali sestavljeni pretežno iz kalcija, ogljika in kisika. Šestindevetdeset (96 %) naših izolatov ima negativno ureolitično aktivnost. Glede na ta rezultat in zmožnost, da povzročijo obarjanje CaCO3, bakterije v tem okolju upora­bljajo druge načine biosinteze, ne hidrolizo sečnine. MgCO3 in CaCO3 je raztopilo 61 % oziroma 59 % izolatov. Poleg tega je 5,9 % in 53,7 % izolatov imelo gene genskih skupin PKS ozi­roma NRPS. Ta rezultat kaže, da imajo naši izolati velik indus­trijski in biotehnološki potencial. Lahko so zelo primerni za nadaljnjo biotehnološko uporabo, na primer za pripravo bio­betona, bioremediacijo, rodovitnost tal in proizvodnja biološko aktivnih sekundarnih metabolitov

Farklı müzik hızlarında yapılan step aerobik çalışmalarında diz ekleminin izokinetik performans farklılıklarının değerlendirilmesi

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of 12 weeks of step aerobic exercise program which is done with different music speeds on knee flexor and extansor muscle groups’ strength developments. That’s why two different music speeds (125 bpm and 130 bpm) were selected. The volunteer university students (40 women) were randomly assigned to two training groups. The first (age:  22,15 ± 2,52) and the second group (age: 22,05 ± 1,73) were trained with 125 bpm music speed and 130 bpm music speed, respectively, for one hour a day and three days a week. Before and after the training, the knee flexion/extension muscle strengths were measured 60, 180 and 300 deg/sec angular velocity with biodex system-3 dynamometer. After that training program, both of the groups’ muscle strengths values were increased (p<0,05). Between the two groups, statistically significant differences, as 300 deg/sec angular velocity, were found during the measurements (p<0,05). It was seen that the participants, who were trained with 130 bpm music speeds, reached well values for endurance measurements. As a result, it is stated that the step aerobic exercise, which was done with 130 bpm music speeds, is an effective method for developing the knee flexor and extansor muscle’s endurance.Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı müzik hızlarında yapılan 12 haftalık step aerobik egzersiz programının diz fleksör ve ekstansör kas gruplarının kuvvet gelişimlerine etkisini incelemektir. Bunun için iki farklı müzik hızı (125 bpm ve 130 bpm) seçilmiştir. Çalışmaya gönüllü katılan üniversite öğrencileri (40 bayan) rasgele iki antrenman grubuna ayrılmışlardır. Birinci grup (yaş:  22,15 ± 2,52) 125 bpm müzik hızı ve ikinci grup (yaş: 22,05 ± 1,73) 130 bpm müzik hızı ile haftada 3 gün günde 1 saat çalıştırılmıştır. Antrenman öncesi ve sonrası diz fleksiyon/ekstansiyon kas kuvvetleri 60, 180 ve 300 º/s (derece/saniye) açısal hızlarında biodex sistem–3 dinamometresi ile ölçülmüştür. Antrenman programı sonrasında her iki grubun kas kuvvet değerleri artmıştır (p<0,05). Her iki grup arasında 300 º/s açısal hızında yapılan ölçümlerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır (p<0.05). 130 bpm müzik hızında çalıştırılan deneklerin dayanıklılık ölçümlerinde daha iyi değerlere ulaştığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak 130 bpm müzik hızı ile yapılan step aerobik egzersizinin diz ekstansör ve fleksör kaslarının dayanıklılığını geliştirmede etkili bir yöntem olduğu tespit edilmiştir.&nbsp

Voleybol oyuncularının diz ekleminin izokinetik performans değerleri ve Hamstring (fleksör)/Quadriceps (ekstansör) oranlarındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesi

The aim of this study was to determined the values of isokinetic performance in knee joint and the ratios of hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) between volleyball players and controls. 30 male volleyball players (age: 19,46±2,1) and 30 male controls (age: 19,66±2,0) were participated in this study. This study investigated hamstring and quadriceps muscles strength ratio obtained during concentric muscle contraction. The ratio of H/Q muscle strength which was an indicator of normal balance between the knee flexors and extensor and it is important to estimate of the capacity for stabilization of knee joint and the preventation of disability. Knee flexion and extension measurements were tested on biodex system–3 dynamometer in %60, %180 and %300 deg/sec test protocols. The range of motion of knee Joint was evaluated by biodex system–3 dynamometer. There was no statistical difference in the ROM of the knee joint between volleyball players and controls (p>0,05). The isokinetic values of volleyball players were significantly higher than controls (p<0,05). H/Q values must be determined to prevent disability. For the aim of get ready for the season and supply the continuity of performance level increases, preseason isokinetic testing of athletes may be helpful to test for strength imbalance and to determine the correct exercises which is suitable for remove the H/Q disproportion.Bu çalışmanın amacı, diz ekleminin izokinetik performans değerlerinin ve hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) oranlarının, voleybol oyuncuları ile kontrol grubu arasındaki farklılıklarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmaya 30 adet erkek voleybol oyuncusu (Yaş: 19,46±2,1) ve 30 adet erkek kontrol grubu (Yaş: 19,66±2,0) katılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, konsantrik kas kasılması süresince H/Q kaslarının kas kuvvet oranları incelenmiştir. H/Q kas kuvvetlerinin oranı diz fleksörleri ve ekstansörleri arasındaki normal denge göstergesidir ve diz eklem stabilizasyonunun kapasitesinin değerlendirilmesi ve sakatlıklarının önlenmesi için önemlidir. Diz fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon ölçümleri biodex sistem–3 dinamometresi ile %60, %180 ve %300 deg/sec test protokollerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Diz ekleminin hareket açısı değerleri de biodex sistem–3 dinamometresi ile ölçülmüştür. Voleybol oyuncuları ve kontrol grubunun diz ekleminin ROM değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir faklılık saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Voleybol oyuncularının izokinetik performans değerleri ise istatistiksel olarak kontrol grubundan oldukça yüksektir (p<0,05). Voleybol oyuncularının %180 ve %300 deg/sec’daki H/Q oranı kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında ise oranın düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Bizce sakatlıkları engellemek için H/Q değerlerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Sporcuların sezona iyi hazırlanmaları ve performans düzeylerindeki artışın devamlılığının sağlanması amacıyla, sporculara uygulanacak olan izokinetik testler hem kuvvet dengesizliğini belirlemek hem de gerektiğinde H/Q orantısızlığını gidermek için uygun egzersiz programlarının belirlenmesine yardımcı olabilir

Out-of-hospital Delivery: A Case Report

Unplanned out-of-hospital birth is defined as a birth that occurs before arrival and without a planned midwife or medical doctor. The frequency of complications in mothers and babies is higher in unplanned deliveries out of hospital. Due to the shortness of the uterus and a history of bleeding at the 17th week, a 27-year-old mother who was administered betamethasone three times intermittently and her baby who was 22 weeks old were brought to the pediatric emergency service by ambulance, with the umbilical cord not separated from the clamped placenta between the legs of the mother. The baby was hypothermic at the first evaluation. The baby was immediately warmed up, the navel was clamped and separated from the placenta, and nasal oxygen therapy was initiated. While the body temperature was 35.5 °C at the 20th minute of birth; placed in a thermal bag, placed in a transfer incubator, connected to nasal continuous positive airway pressure, and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. On the 9th day of her follow-up, baby died due to apnea, desaturation, and resistant acidosis and hypotension. This case is presented in order to minimize the complications related to out-of-hospital delivery and to emphasize the necessity for the healthcare professionals to be adequately trained and equipped for delivery and neonatal resuscitation management, and to develop protocols between health and ambulance services

Screening of bacteria in Yarık Sinkhole, Antalya, Turkey for carbonate dissolution, biomineralization and biotechnological potentials

Abiotic and biotic factors, especially microorganisms, play a role in the development of cave formations and the existence of unique characteristics of each cave. Due to the ecological conditions that characterize the cave environments, highly specialized microorganisms that are the main source of diverse bioactive compounds, inhabit these environments. The aim of this study is to determine the role and biotechnological potential of the bacteria isolated from Yarık Sinkhole located in Antalya (Turkey) by screening their ability to induce the CaCO3 precipitation, to hydrolyze urea, to induce calcite dissolution, and screening their possession of NRPS/PKS gene clusters. The most prevalent phylum is the Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) (75.7 %), while the dominant species is Bacillus pumilus (33 %). All the isolates showed crystal formation on B4 agar medium, and the Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses showed that the crystals are predominately composed of calcium, carbon and oxygen. Ninety-six (96 %) of our isolates have negative ureolytic activity. According to this result and having the ability to induce the CaCO3 precipitation, bac­teria in this environment use other biosynthesis pathways than urea hydrolysis. MgCO3 and CaCO3 were dissolved by 61 % and 59 % of the isolates, respectively. In addition, 5.9 % and 53.7 % of the isolates showed the possession of PKS and NRPS genes, respectively. This result reveals that our isolates have high in­dustrial and biotechnological potential. They may constitute good candidates for further biotechnological applications such as construction of bio-concretes, bioremediation, soil fertility, and production of biologically active secondary metabolites

THE PREVALENCE OF BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG RESIDENTS OF DOKUZ EYLUL UNİVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

Amaç: Tükenmişlik sendromu, sağlık çalışanları arasında sık görülen bir durumdur. Bununla birlikte ülkemizde, Tıpta Uzmanlık Öğrencilerinin (TUÖ) tükenmişlik düzeylerini karşılaştıran çalışmaların sayısı kısıtlıdır. Çalışmamızda Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hastanesindeki temel, dahili ve cerrahi tıp bilimlerindeki tıpta uzmanlık öğrencilerinin tükenmişlik düzeyini ölçmeyi amaçladık. Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hastanesinde çalışan cerrahi, dahili ve temel bilimlerdeki TUÖ'lerine anket yöntemi ile Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği uygulandı ve meslekleri ile ilgili düşünceleri soruldu. Farklı dallardaki TUÖ'lerinin tükenmişlik düzeyleri birbirleri ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Hastanemizde çalışan 189 TUÖ (16 temel bilim TUÖ, 126 dahili bilim TUÖ, 47 cerrahi bilim TUÖ) çalışmaya alındı. Katılımcıların %50,8' i kadın, yaş ortalaması 28,4 ± 3,1 idi. Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinde TUÖ'lerinin ortalama duygusal tükenmişlik (DT) puanı 19,17 ± 8,37, Duyasızlaşma (DYS) puanı 18,97 ± 7,73 ve Kişisel Başarı (KB) puanı 24,35 ± 6,27 olarak hesaplandı. DT ve DYS puanlarında temel bilim TUÖ'leri diğer bölümlere göre daha düşük puan alırken (her biri için p<0,001), cerrahi ve dahili bilim TUÖ'lerinin arasında fark yoktu. Dahili bilim TUÖ'leri, cerrahi bilim TUÖ'lerine göre daha yüksek KB puanına sahipti (p=0,037). Temel bilim TUÖ'leri ile cerrahi ve dahili bilim TUÖ'leri arasında KB puanı açısından fark yoktu. Sonuç: Dahili ve cerrahi bilim TUÖ'lerinin DT ve DYS puanları, temel bilim TUÖ'lerinden daha yüksektir. Dahili bilim TUÖ'leri en yüksek, temel bilim TUÖ'leri en düşük KB puanına sahiptir Objective: Burnout syndrome is common among healthcare workers. However the studies of resident physicians burnout levels measurements are limited in our country. In our study we aimed of measure the levels of burnout in different branch residents in Dokuz Eylul University hospital. Methods: In our study Maslach Burnout Scale were performed to different branch residents in Dokuz Eylul University hospital by the survey method and asked about thoughts related to their profession. Burnout levels of the residents in different branches were compared with each other. Results: 189 residents from the basic medical sciences and surgical and internal medicine departments of Dokuz Eylul University hospital were included in the study. 16 of the residents participating in the study were from basic medical sciences and 126 from internal medical departments and 47 from surgical departments. 50,8% of the residents were women and the mean age was 28.4 ± 3.1. Average Emotional Exhaustion (EE) score was 19.17 ± 8.37, Depersonalization (DP) score was 18.97 ± 7.73 and Personal Accomplishment (PA) was 24.35 ± 6.27. EE and DP scores were lowest in basic sciences residents than other branches (each of them p<0.001) altough there were no significiant difference in EE and DP scores between surgical and internal medical residents. Internal medical residents PA score higher than the surgery residents (p=0.037). There were no significiant difference in PA scores between basic sciences residents and surgical departments residents and inernal medical departments residents.  Conclusion: EE and DP scores of internal medicine and surgical departments residents are higher than basic sciences residents. Internal medicine residents have the highest and basic sciences residents have the lowest PA scor

Effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy-online group skills training during the pandemic: A pilot study

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) was developed by Linehan for clients with borderline personality disorder. It is based on behaviorist approach, Zen Buddhism, and dialectical philosophy. There are four components: individual session, group skills training, telephone coaching, and consultation team. DBT group skill training consists of four modules in total, including mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, stress tolerance, and emotion regulation skills. Many studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of DBT and DBT group skills training. In this study, the effectiveness of 8-week DBT group skill training in university students on depression, anxiety, and stress levels during the pandemic was investigated. In addition, the improvements in emotion regulation, mindfulness, and interpersonal effectiveness skills were observed. A total of 17 women, who were undergraduate students between the ages of 18-24, participated in the study. An online self-evaluation form was sent to the participants and feedback was given to the applicants by phone call. Sociodemographic Information Form, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form, Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire-Short Form, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were sent online to the selected participants before participating in the group skill training, after the 4th session, and at the end of the 8th week. According to the results, DBT group skill training was found to be helpful in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress levels. In addition, an increase was observed in emotion regulation and interpersonal competence skills

Preparing biosensor for determination of sucrose

Bu çalışmada sakkaroz tayini için iki ve üç enzimli amperometrik biyosensörler geliştirildi. Platin elektroda (Pt) elektrokimyasal yöntemle kaplanmış polipirol-poli(vinil sülfonat) kompozit film (PPy-PVS) yüzeyine; glukoz oksidaz (GOD) ve invertaz (INV) enzimlerinin immobilizasyonu ile iki enzimli sakkaroz biyosensörü (Pt/PPy-PVS/GOD-INV), glukoz oksidaz, invertaz ve mutarotaz (MUT) enzimlerinin immobilizasyonu ile üç enzimli sakkaroz biyosensörü (Pt/PPy-PVS/GOD-INV-MUT) elde edildi. Glukoz oksidaz, invertaz ve mutarotaz enzimleri Pt/PPy-PVS elektrot yüzeyine glutaraldehit/BSA kullanılarak çapraz bağlama yöntemi ile immobilize edildi. Ayrıca glukoz girişimini engellemek amacı ile platin/polipirol-poli(vinil sülfonat) elektrot yüzeyine glukoz oksidaz enzimi immobilize edilerek glukoz biyosensörü hazırlandı. Sakkaroz ve glukoz tayini enzimatik tepkimeler sonucu açığa çıkan hidrojen peroksitin yükseltgenme akımının 0,40 V'da ölçülmesine dayanmaktadır. Hazırlanan biyosensörlerin performansını etkileyen özellikler ve optimum koşullar araştırıldı. Bu amaçla, substrat derişimi, pH, sıcaklık ve girişim yapan türlerin amperometrik cevaba etkileri incelendi ve tekrarlanabilirlik ve raf ömrü çalışmaları yapıldı. İmmobilize glukoz oksidaz, glukoz oksidaz-invertaz ve glukoz oksidaz-invertaz ve mutarotaz enzim sistemlerine ait Km(gör.) değerleri sırası ile 0,44 mM, 1,83 mM ve 0,75 mM olarak bulundu. Sakkaroz ve glukoz biyosensörlerinin gözlenebilme sınırı (LOD) ve doğrusal çalışma aralıkları belirlendi. Glukoz ve sakkaroz biyosensörleri ve referans yöntem ile meyve sularında sakkaroz tayini yapıldı ve sonuçlar karşılaştırıldı. Pt/PPy-PVS, Pt/PPy-PVS/GOD ve Pt/PPy-PVS/GOD-INV ve Pt/PPy-PVS/GOD-INV-MUT yüzeylerin; profilometri, atomik kuvvet mikroskopisi (AFM), taramalı elektron mikroskopu (SEM) ve temas açısı ölçüm yöntemleri kullanılarak fiziksel ve mikroskopik olarak karakterizasyonları gerçekleştirildi.In this study, bienzymatic and trienzymatic amperometric biosensors were developed for determination of sucrose. Bienzymatic (Pt/PPy-PVS/GOD-INV) and trienzymatic (Pt/PPy-PVS/GOD-INV-MUT) sucrose biosensors were obtained respectively by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD) and invertase (INV) and glucose oxidase, invertase and mutarotase (MUT) on the surface of the polypyrrole-poly(vinyl sulphonate) (PPy-PVS) composite film which was coated on the platinum (Pt) electrode by electrochemical method. Glucose oxidase, invertase and mutarotase enzymes were immobilized on the surface of the Pt/PPy-PVS electrode by cross-linking method via glutaraldehit/BSA. In addition, in order to prevent interference of glucose, glucose biosensor was prepared by immobilizing glucose oxidase on the surface of the Pt/PPy-PVS electrode. Amperometric sucrose and glucose determination is based on the measurement of oxidation current of H2O2 generated in the enzymatic reactions of sucrose and glucose at 0.40 V. Properties that affect the performance of the prepared biosensors and optimum conditions were investigated. For this purpose, the effects of substrate concentration, pH, temperature and interfering species on the amperometric response were investigated and repeatability and shelf life studies were performed. The Km(app.) values of immobilized glucose oxidase, glucose oxidase-invertase and glucose oxidase-invertase-mutarotase enzyme systems were found 0.44 mM, 1.83 mM and 0.75 mM respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and linear working ranges of glucose and sucrose biosensors were determined. The sucrose concentrations of different fruit juices were determined by the sucrose and glucose biosensors and a reference method and the results were compared. Pt/PPy-PVS, Pt/PPy-PVS/GOD, Pt/PPy-PVS/GOD-INV and Pt/PPy-PVS/GOD-INV-MUT surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), conductivity measurements, profilometry and contact angle measurements as pyhsical and microscopic

İSKOÇ RUHUNUN ATLANTİK ÜZERİNDEN TAŞINMASI: İSKOÇ AYDINLANMASI VE AMERİKA BAĞIMSIZLIK HAREKETLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ

After the Spanish conquest, the southern part of America was called the New World. The 18th century was considered a real turning point in the historical formation of the idea of Europe, and debates about the New World started to shape. Ideas began to be circulated on both sides of the Atlantic. The concept of independence gained momentum with different dynamic intellectual movements. People who lived under colonial powers attempted to make revolutions to be able to cut their ties with the colonizers. Ideas about independence and freedom traveled across the Atlantic Ocean. The Enlightenment was a process, and it was the offspring of numerous intellectuals all over the world, and its ideas influenced several revolutions and upheavals. This thesis explicates that the Scottish/British Enlightenment was a process that influenced not only Europe but also Latin and North America within the scope of establishing independent states after the separation from the Spanish and British Empires. Political leaders did not only fight against the Spanish and British Rule; they also supported their rights and ideas and justified their actions by utilizing the legal and philosophical arguments of the Scottish/British Enlightenment.İspanyolların fethinden sonra Amerika’nın güneyine Yeni Dünya denilmeye başlandı. 18. yüzyıl, Avrupa fikrinin tarihsel oluşumunda gerçek bir dönüm noktası olarak kabul edildi ve Yeni Dünya ile ilgili tartışmalar şekillenmeye başladı. Atlantik Okyanusu’nun iki yakasında da yeni fikirlerin dolanmaya başlaması ile birlikte bağımsızlık kavramı birbirinden etkilenen düşünce hareketleriyle ivme kazanmaya başladı. Sömürge iktidarı altında yaşayan insanlar, sömürge imparatorluklardan kurtulmak için harekete geçtiler. Bu tezin temel amacı, İskoç/İngiliz Aydınlanması’nın İspanyol ve Britanya İmparatorluklarından ayrıldıktan sonra bağımsız devletler kurma amacıyla Latin ve Kuzey Amerika’yı da etkileyen bir süreç olduğunu belirtmektir. Bağımsızlık döneminin liderleri sadece İspanyol ve Britanya egemenliğine karşı savaşmakla kalmayıp İskoç/İngiliz Aydınlanma’nın hukuki ve felsefi argümanlarını kullanarak eylemlerini desteklemişlerdir.M.S. - Master of Scienc