Anesthesiology staffs peri-operative care of overweight and obese children

Children are a group of patients that require special knowledge from the anesthesia staff, both general and specific. Theoretical knowledge and practical experience is necessary to adequately care for the child as it anatomically, physiologically and mentally may differ from adult patients. A growing problem in the pediatric population is overweight and obesity. From a stagnation in the early 2000s the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in the world are again increasing.The purpose of this study was to examine peri-operative care of overweight and obese children. Systematic searches were done in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus. After the quality audit according to SBU, twelve articles were included for analysis. Results suggest that overweight and obese children have a higher risk of respiratory peri-operative complications. The risk of hospital admission after outpatient surgery was also greater in this group as well as higher costs for health care. Overweight and obese children are complex subjects with more frequent peri-operative risk factors than normal-weight children. This group requires special knowledge of the anesthesia staff. More studies are required to secure evidence in anesthetic care for overweight and obese children

Anesthesiology staffs peri-operative care of overweight and obese children

Children are a group of patients that require special knowledge from the anesthesia staff, both general and specific. Theoretical knowledge and practical experience is necessary to adequately care for the child as it anatomically, physiologically and mentally may differ from adult patients. A growing problem in the pediatric population is overweight and obesity. From a stagnation in the early 2000s the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in the world are again increasing.The purpose of this study was to examine peri-operative care of overweight and obese children. Systematic searches were done in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus. After the quality audit according to SBU, twelve articles were included for analysis. Results suggest that overweight and obese children have a higher risk of respiratory peri-operative complications. The risk of hospital admission after outpatient surgery was also greater in this group as well as higher costs for health care. Overweight and obese children are complex subjects with more frequent peri-operative risk factors than normal-weight children. This group requires special knowledge of the anesthesia staff. More studies are required to secure evidence in anesthetic care for overweight and obese children

Patientflöden till akutmottagningen : En kvantitativ punktprevalensstudie

Bakgrund. Patientbesöken på svenska akutmottagningar ökar. Med ett ökat inflöde av patienter ökar även kraven på vårdpersonalen som arbetar på akutmottagningen. Vid obalans mellan in-, genom- och utflöde skapas risker för crowding, med konsekvenser som ökade väntetider för patienterna, ökade patientsäkerhetsrisker och lidande som följd. Akutsjuksköterskans ansvarsområden innefattar kunskap om patientflöden, patientsäkerhet och att lindra lidande. Ändå finns mycket lite nationell forskning om patientflöden till akutmottagningar. Syfte. Syftet med studien var att studera inflödet av patienter till akutmottagningarna vid ett länssjukhus och ett länsdelssjukhus. Metod. Studiens genomfördes som en kvantitativ punktprevalensstudie med en induktiv ansats. Studien innefattar analys av data från två akutmottagningar inom Region Dalarna, n=201. Resultat. Över 70 procent av patienterna som sökte till akutmottagningarna hade haft en tidigare vårdkontakt. Det var vanligast att yngre patienter hade sökvägen eget initiativ och att äldre hade sökvägen ambulans. Det var fler män än kvinnor som kom från vårdcentralen med remiss. Patienter som hade en annan vårdkontakt före besöket hade en högre medicinsk prioritet eller högre risk för inläggning än de patienter som kom på eget initiativ. Slutsats. Ett fysiskt möte med annan vårdpersonal kan ha stor betydelse för att minska inflödet av patienter till akutmottagningen. Att en stor del av patienterna blir hänvisade till akutmottagningen kan vara ett tecken på att det saknas kapacitet inom hälso- och sjukvården för att behandla patienter med icke akuta besvär.Background. Patient flows to Swedish emergency departments are increasing. With an increased inflow of patients, the demands on the healthcare staff at the emergency department increase. With a discrepancy between in-, through- and outflow, risks of crowding are created, with consequences such as increased waiting times for patients, increased patient safety risks and suffering as a result. The emergency nurse's responsibility includes knowledge of patient flows, patient safety and alleviation of suffering. Nevertheless, there is little research about patient flows to the emergency department nationally. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to study the inflow of patients to the emergency departments at two regional hospitals. Method. The study was conducted as a quantitative point-prevalence study with an inductive approach. The analysis includes an analysis of data from two emergency departments in Region Dalarna, n = 201. Results. Over 70 percent of the patients that presented to the emergency departments had a previous healthcare contact. It was most common that younger patients used their own initiative and that elderly presented by ambulance. There were more men than women who came from community health centres with referral. Patients who had another healthcare contact before the visit had a higher medical priority or risk of admittance to the hospital than the patients who came on their own initiative. Conclusion. A physical meeting with healthcare staff can be of great importance for reducing the inflow of patients to the emergency department. It may be that there is a low capacity in the health care system to treat low-acuity patients

Fusion of the FUS gene with ERG in acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;21)(p11;q22)

It has been shown that the gene ERG in 21q22 is rearranged in the the t(16;21)(p11;q22) associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). ERG is a member of the ETS gene family and is fused with EWS in a subset of Ewing's sarcomas. EWS in 22q12 has a very high homology with FUS (also called TLS) in 16p11; the latter gene is rearranged in the t(12;16)(q13;p11) that characterizes myxoid liposarcoma. To investigate whether FUS is involved in the t(16;21) of AML, we used the Southern blot technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine the bone marrow of a 3-year-old boy with a t(16;21)(p11;q22)-positive AML. Hybridization of Southern blot filters containing digested DNA with probes for FUS and ERG showed both germline and aberrant fragments. Using specific primers for the 5 part of FUS and the 3 part of ERG, we amplified a 4.4 kb genomic FUS/ERG DNA fragment from the leukemic sample. In a second PCR experiment, in which we used primers upstream of the 5 part of ERG and downstream of the 3 part of FUS, a 5.6 kb fragment was amplified. Blotting and hybridization with specific probes for FUS and ERG revealed that the amplified fragments consisted of FUS/ERG and ERG/FUS hybrid DNA. Both PCR fragments, when used as probes, detected germline ERG and FUS as well as aberrant fragments on Southern blot filters. The results suggest that the t(16;21) in AML leads to rearrangement and fusion of the FUS and ERG genes. This is the first example in which two genes, each known to recombine with other genes in different solid tumor types (FUS in myxoid liposarcoma and ERG in Ewing's sarcoma), are fused in a hematologic malignancy

HSP90 inhibition blocks ERBB3 and RET phosphorylation in myxoid/round cell liposarcoma and causes massive cell death in vitro and in vivo

Myxoid sarcoma (MLS) is one of the most common types of malignant soft tissue tumors. MLS is characterized by the FUS-DDIT3 or EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion oncogenes that encode abnormal transcription factors. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) encoding RET was previously identified as a putative downstream target gene to FUS-DDIT3 and here we show that cultured MLS cells expressed phosphorylated RET together with its ligand Persephin. Treatment with RET specific kinase inhibitor Vandetanib failed to reduce RET phosphorylation and inhibit cell growth, suggesting that other RTKs may phosphorylate RET. A screening pointed out EGFR and ERBB3 as the strongest expressed phosphorylated RTKs in MLS cells. We show that ERBB3 formed nuclear and cytoplasmic complexes with RET and both RTKs were previously reported to form complexes with EGFR. The formation of RTK hetero complexes could explain the observed Vandetanib resistence in MLS. EGFR and ERBB3 are clients of HSP90 that help complex formation and RTK activation. Treatment of cultured MLS cells with HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG, caused loss of RET and ERBB3 phosphorylation and lead to rapid cell death. Treatment of MLS xenograft carrying Nude mice resulted in massive necrosis, rupture of capillaries and hemorrhages in tumor tissues. We conclude that complex formation between RET and other RTKs may cause RTK inhibitor resistance. HSP90 inhibitors can overcome this resistance and are thus promising drugs for treatment of MLS/RCLS.status: publishe