Restitution judges: A starting point for an agrarian jurisdiction as a guarantee of non-repetition in Colombia

The Colombian government and the main guerrilla, the farc, signed a peace agreement in November 2016. The establishment of an agrarian jurisdiction is one of the settlements they have reached. This article evaluates the already existing capacities the Colombian state has developed, based on an analysis of the ongoing land restitution process. Based on an analysis of some judicial decisions taken in the context of this process, and on three in-depth interviews with judicial operators involved in it, the article makes two main findings: the procedural innovations of the land restitution process and the application of the constitutional precept of the effective enjoyment of rights guarantee the effective access to justice for rural populations and to the social rights aimed at protecting and stabilising their property rights. For these reasons, these features will prove to be useful in the establishment of an agrarian jurisdiction in Colombia that will represent a guarantee of non-repetition. © 2017 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands

Recombinant Proteins as Antigens in Serological Diagnosis of Brucellosis

Brucellosis is considered the major zoonosis in developing countries. In susceptible animal species, diagnosis of brucellosis remains a challenge due to the variety of clinical signs that it shares with a wide range of diseases. At present, isolation of Brucella is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of brucellosis; because of its low sensitivity and becoming potentially hazardous to laboratory technicians, serology is used for the detection of specific antibodies induced by infection. However, since traditional methods commonly show drawbacks and do not differentiate between vaccinated and naturally infected animals, it is necessary to search and test immunoreactive molecules for specific diagnosis of Brucella-infected cattle, thus significantly reducing the killing of suspected herds mainly due to vaccination. Advances in biotechnology have allowed exploring the use of recombinant proteins as antigens to avoid the risk involved in the use of viable Brucella strains. The benefit of using recombinant proteins, such as outer membrane proteins (OMP) and other non-lipopolysaccharide (non-LPS) molecules as antigens, for serological diagnosis is promising, but there are still many concerns about their application. The aim of the present work is to show advances in the use of recombinant antigens and discuss their advantages and potential use as markers for the serological diagnosis in brucellosis

Comparative Field Trial Effect of <em>Brucella</em> spp. Vaccines on Seroconversion in Goats and Their Possible Implications to Control Programs

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella spp. in a goat flock and the seroconversion of three groups of animals vaccinated with Rev-1 (Brucella melitensis), RB51, and RB51-SOD (Brucella abortus) to estimate the level of protection conferred on susceptible females. Seventy-two animals were used by group. Goats were older than 3 months, seronegative to brucellosis, not vaccinated previously, and kept within positive flocks. Vaccinated animals received 2 mL of product subcutaneously in the neck region. The first block was injected with Rev-1; the second received RB51, and the third group was injected with RB51-SOD. Follow-up sampling was performed at 30, 60, 90, and 365 days postvaccination. The general prevalence of brucellosis for the three groups was 1.2% (95%CI:0.5–2.7). The seroconversion rate by day 30 after vaccination was 77.7% (95%CI:61.9–88.2) for goats vaccinated with Rev-1. At 365 days post vaccination, the percentage of seropositive goats declined to 13.8% (95%CI:6.0–28.6). At day 365 after vaccination, 2.7% (95%CI:0.4–14.1) and 5.5% (95%CI:1.5–18.1) of animals vaccinated with RB51 and RB51-SOD, respectively, became positive. Results show that the seroconversion induced by Brucella abortus RB51 and RB51-SOD vaccines is lower than that by Brucella melitensis Rev-1

Combination pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema

Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones en tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (TCAR) de 21 pacientes con diagnóstico de combinación de fibrosis pulmonar y enfisema (CFPE) estudiados en el Hospital Universitario Mayor (HUM). Métodos: Serie de casos, descriptivo. Los 21 pacientes seleccionados cumplían los criterios de CFPE: Enfermedad parenquimatosa difusa con cambios significativos de fibrosis y enfisema mayor del 10 %. Los estudios radiológicos fueron analizados en consenso por dos radiólogos expertos en imágenes del tórax. Los datos clínicos se obtuvieron de la historia clínica y a través de llamadas telefónicas. Resultados: El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 67 años. El 68,4 % tenía antecedente de tabaquismo. Las alteraciones más frecuentes en TCAR fueron: opacidades intralobulillares (95,2 %), panal de abejas (95,2 %) y bronquiectasias de tracción (95,2 %). Los patrones de fibrosis y enfisema más frecuentes fueron neumonía intersticial usual (NIU) (54,5 %) y enfisema paraseptal (40,9 %). Predominaron las asociaciones de patrones de fibrosis y enfisema: combinación de patrón de NIU y enfisema paraseptal (33,3 %) y cambios no específicos de fibrosis con enfisema paraseptal (28,6 %). Hubo alta prevalencia de hipertensión pulmonar (81,8 %), sin embargo, el tamaño de muestra analizado fue bajo. Conclusiones: El patrón de NIU y los cambios de enfisema paraseptal fueron la asociación más frecuente, con alta prevalencia de hipertensión pulmonar. Las manifestaciones en TCAR fueron similares a las descritas en trabajos previos. La radiografía presentó un bajo rendimiento para detectar enfisema e hipertensión pulmonar. La mortalidad fue elevada.Artículo original4192-4200Purpose: To describe the findings in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of 21 patients diagnosed with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) studied at the Hospital Universitario Mayor (HUM). Methods: Case series, descriptive. 21 patients studied in the HUM who met the diagnostic criteria of CFPE were selected: Diffuse parenchymal disease with significant changes of fibrosis and presence of emphysema with extension greater than 10%. Radiologic studies were reviewed in consensus by two radiologists experienced in chest images. Clinical data were obtained retrospectively from clinical records and through telephone calls. Results: The mean age of patients was 67 years. 68.4% had a history of smoking. The most frequent alterations in HRCT were: intralobular opacities (95.2%), honeycomb (95.2%) and traction bronchiectasis (95.2%). Patterns of fibrosis and emphysema which were most commonly found were usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (54.5%) and paraseptal emphysema (40.9%). The most frequent association patterns were combined NIU pattern and paraseptal emphysema (33.3%) and non-specific changes of fibrosis with paraseptal emphysema (28.6%). The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in the cases studied was high (81.8%), however the analyzed sample size was low. Conclusions: Combined usual interstitial pneumonia and emphysema paraseptal changes was the most frequent pattern, with a high prevalence of pulmonary hypertension. The HRCT findings were similar to those described in previous studies. The x-ray showed a low capacity for detecting emphysema and pulmonary hypertension. Mortality was high

Potencial de los hongos anamorfos de Guatemala para la producción de α-amilasas utilizando como sustrato cascarilla de arroz

Los desechos groindustriales se generan en grandes cantidades, y en la mayoría de los casos son depositados en vertederos lo cual constituye un problema ambiental. Estos residuos lignocelulósicos pueden utilizarse como materia prima o sustrato de crecimiento de hongos anamorfos, que a través de procesos de fermentación pueden producir biocombustibles, enzimas, vitaminas, antioxidantes, alimentos para animales, antibióticos y otros productos químicos. En este estudio se determinó la capacidad de producción de α-amilasas de 20 cepas nativas de hongos anamorfos del cepario de hongos del Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, de la USAC a través de fermentación en estado sólido, utilizando como sustrato cascarilla de arroz. La extracción de las enzimas se realizó por microfiltración y la actividad amilolítica fue medida por espectrofotometría. De las cepas evaluadas se encontró que las amilasas de Aspergillus sp. SL15319 mostraron la mayor actividad media (desviación estándar), tanto libres, 930.26 (1.56) UA/dl, como inmovilizadas, 900.34 (3.21) UA/dl, seguido por las de Beltrania rhombica, 905.02 (10.72) y 879.07 (3.87) UA/dl y Aspergillus sp. SL15119, 907.46 (5.17) y 875.95 (9.39) UA/dl (p &lt; .05). La importancia de este estudio radica en dar a conocer el potencial de los hongos anamorfos nativos de Guatemala para el aprovechamiento de los residuos agroindustriales como materia prima para la producción de sustancias de utilidad para el ser humano, y en la reducción de la carga contaminante que se desecha al medio ambiente

Self-Reported Depression and Anxiety Among COPD Patients. A Case-Control Study

[Abstract] BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. However, the exact mechanisms linking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression and anxiety have not been identified. OBJECTIVES: To compare self-reported depression and anxiety among patients diagnosed with COPD in relation to healthy controls. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case control study at a public hospital institution in Spain. METHODS: We designed a case-control study. Patients were recruited using a consecutive sampling method from a single institution. Two groups were created: COPD and healthy controls. Data on medical history and demographic background were collected from the medical records. Self-reported depression levels were assessed using Beck’s depression inventory (BDI). Self-reported anxiety was measured using the State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI). RESULTS: Fifty-two patients with COPD and fifty healthy patients were included in this study. BDI scores were higher for COPD patients (10.23 ± 6.26) than in the control group (5.2 ± 6.56). STAI-state scores were higher for COPD patients (41.85 ± 12.55) than for controls (34.88 ± 9.25). STAI-trait scores were higher for COPD patients (41.42 ± 10.01) than for controls (34.62 ± 9.19). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that there were higher levels of depression and anxiety among COPD patients than among healthy controls

Golimumab as rescue therapy for refractory immune-mediated uveitis: a three-center experience

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in three Spanish tertiary referral centres, the short-term safety and efficacy of golimumab (GLM) for treatment of immune-mediated uveitis resistant to previous immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS: Nonrandomized retrospective interventional case series. Thirteen patients with different types of uveitis that were resistant to treatment with at least 2 previous immunosuppressors were included in this study. All included patients were treated with GLM (50 mg every four weeks) during at least 6 months. Clinical evaluation and treatment-related side effects were assessed at least four times in all included patients. RESULTS: Eight men and 5 women (22 affected eyes) with a median age of 30 years (range 20-38) and active immune-mediated uveitides were studied. GLM was used in combination with conventional immunosuppressors in 7 patients (53.8%). GLM therapy achieved complete control of inflammation in 12/13 patients (92.3%) after six months of treatment. There was a statistically significant improvement in mean BCVA (0.60 versus 0.68, P = 0.009) and mean 1 mm central retinal thickness (317 versus 261.2 µ, P = 0.05) at the six-month endpoint when compared to basal values. No major systemic adverse effects associated with GLM therapy were observed. CONCLUSIONS: GLM is a new and promising therapeutic option for patients with severe and refractory uveitis

Criterios e instrumento para la valoración del modelo de Guía docente de la Universidad de La Laguna

La guía docente constituye un elemento básico en la educación superior, que debe estar adaptada a las exigencias que indica la normativa y servir también como un recurso importante en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Aunque todas las asignaturas de las titulaciones disponen de una guía docente a la que puede acceder el alumnado, la diversidad de criterios que se adoptan al elaborarlas varía de manera sustancial de unas a otras. De este modo, se pueden encontrar guías docentes diseñadas y pensadas para constituir una herramienta importante para el aprendizaje del alumnado y otras cuyo grado de elaboración es muy básico y poco aportan al proceso formativo. Con la finalidad de valorar en qué medida las guías docentes se ajustan a la normativa institucional y los requisitos del modelo formativo del EEES, se ha diseñado un instrumento en el que se recogen una serie de criterios para evaluar este recurso de la enseñanza. Diferentes órganos de la Universidad (Departamentos, Comisiones de Calidad, Inspección, etc.) tienen la responsabilidad de realizar un diagnóstico y valoración de las guías docentes, para determinar si se ajustan a los requisitos que establecen las distintas normativas. El trabajo realizado pretende cubrir esta necesidad, ya que no se cuenta con instrumentos apropiados que permitan llevar a cabo estos procedimientos de revisión de las guías docentes.The teaching guide is a basic element in higher education, which must be adapted to the requirements indicated by the regulations and also serve as an important resource in the learning process of students. Although all the subjects of the degrees have a teaching guide that can be accessed by the students, the diversity of criteria adopted when preparing them varies substantially from one to the other. In this way, you can find teaching guides designed and thought to constitute an important tool for the lear- ning of students and others whose degree of development is very basic and contribute little to the training process. In order to assess the extent to which the teaching guides conform to the institutional regulations and the requirements of the EHEA training model, an instrument has been designed that includes a series of criteria to evaluate this teaching resource. Different organs of the University (Departments, Quality Com- missions, Inspection, etc.) have the responsibility of making a diagnosis and evaluation of the teaching guides, to determine if they meet the requirements established by the different regulations. The work carried out aims to cover this need, since there are no appropriate instruments to carry out these procedures for reviewing the teaching guide

Memorias de la Cátedra Konrad Adenauer 2006. Propuestas alternativas de desarrollo socioeconómico desde los diferentes sectores

Esta publicación refiere diversas posturas sobre el quehacer socioeconómico de México ante el cambio de gobierno federal en el 2006. Se incluyen las propuestas de las distintas fuerzas políticas y las planteadas por otros actores sociales, notablemente desde los medios empresarial, de organizaciones civiles, de académicos y de trabajadores

Colombian Marketing Magazine. Magazine of the Faculty of Market Engineering year 3 number 4 July 2002

En esa perspectiva, en este cuarto esfuerzo institucional hemos hecho acopio de nuestra imaginación y de nuestra energía vital para mostrarle a la red académica y científica que comienza a tejerse alrededor de nuestra revista, que el marketing tiene un compromiso con la sociedad y el bienestar de sus miembros.In this perspective, in this fourth institutional effort we have gathered our imagination and our vital energy to show the academic and scientific network that is beginning to be woven around our magazine, that marketing has a commitment to society and the well-being of its members.Modalidad Presencia