Entdecken des Alltäglichen : Promotor für interessiertes Lernen in der Grundschule?

Situationales Interesse stellt nach KRAPP (1998a) in Bezug auf den Lerngegenstand eine Grundvoraussetzung für das Lernen dar. Anhand von zwei Untersuchungen wird aufgezeigt, wie Schüler selbst für einen für sie eher uninteressanten Gegenstandsbereich Pflanzen situational interessiert werden können.Im Rahmen des Sachunterrichts wurden hierfür die Kinder zu einer suchenden, forschendenund letztlich experimentierenden Handlungsweise herausgefordert. Es wurde davon ausgegangen, dass das Entdecken alltäglicher Phänomene als Promotor für interessiertes Lernen in der Grundschule dienen kann, woraus die Frage resultiert, wie Kinder dazu gebracht werden können selbst Entdeckungen machen und Methodenkompetenz erwerben zu können. Hierzu werden neben den beschriebenen Unterrichtsstunden einzelne Kriterien und Lösungsansätzevorgestellt und diskutiert

Long-term follow-up of a multimodal day clinic, group-based treatment program for patients with very high risk for complex posttraumatic stress disorder, and for patients with non-complex trauma-related disorders

Objective: The present study examined the follow-up of a multimodal day clinic group-based therapy program for patients with trauma-related disorders and investigated potential differences for patients with classic PTSD versus cPTSD. Method: Sixty-six patients were contacted 6 and 12 months after discharge of our 8-week program and completed various questionnaires (Essen Trauma Inventory (ETI), Beck Depression Inventory-Revised (BDI-II), Screening scale of complex PTSD (SkPTBS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-Somatization, as well as single items to therapy utilization and life events in the interim period). Due to organizational reasons a control group could not be included. Statistical analyses included repeated-measures ANOVA with cPTSD as between-subject factor. Results: The reduction of depressive symptoms at discharge was persistent at 6 and 12 months follow-up. Somatization symptoms were increased at discharge, but were leveled out at 6 months follow-up. The same effect was found for cPTSD symptoms in those patients with non-complex trauma-related disorders: Their increase of cPTSD symptoms was flattened at 6 months follow-up. Patients with a very high risk for cPTSD showed a strong linear reduction of cPTSD symptoms from admission to discharge and 6 months follow-up. cPTSD patients had a higher symptom load compared to patients without cPTSD on all time points and scales. Conclusion: Multimodal, day clinic trauma-focused treatment is associated with positive changes even after 6 and 12 months. Positive therapy outcomes (reduced depression, reduced cPTSD symptoms for patients with a very high risk for cPTSD) could be maintained. However, PTSD symptomatology was not significantly reduced. Increases in somatoform symptoms were leveled out and can therefore be regarded as side effects of treatment, which may be connected with actualization of trauma in the intensive psychotherapeutic treatment. Further analyses should be applied in larger samples and a control group

The compassionate vagus: A meta-analysis on the connection between compassion and heart rate variability

In recent years, increasing interest has been devoted to the physiological basis of self and other-oriented compassion. Heart rate variability (HRV) represents a promising candidate for such a role, given its association with soothing emotions and context appropriate prefrontal inhibitory control over threat-defensive responses. The aim of this study was to meta-analyze available studies on the association between compassion and HRV. Random-effect models were used. The analysis performed on sixteen studies that met inclusion criteria, yielded a significant association with a medium effect size (g = .54 95% CI [.24, .84], p < .0001). Results were not influenced by publication bias. After an extreme outlier’s exclusion, the size of the association was still larger in studies that used time or frequency-domain indices of vagally-mediated HRV compared to those that used peak to trough estimates of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Results are limited by the small number of studies included in the meta-analysis (n = 16) and are discussed in terms of indications for future research, given that existing data are highly heterogeneous and of poor methodological rigor.N/