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Identical twin Steiner triple systems
Two Steiner triple systems, each containing precisely one Pasch configuration which, when traded, switches one system to the other, are called twin Steiner triple systems. If the two systems are isomorphic the systems are called identical twins. Hitherto, identical twins were only known for orders 21, 27 and 33. In this paper we construct infinite families of identical twin Steiner triple systems
Energetically stable singular vortex cores in an atomic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate
We analyze the structure and stability of singular singly quantized vortices in a rotating spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that the singular vortex can be energetically stable in both the ferromagnetic and polar phases despite the existence of a lower-energy nonsingular coreless vortex in the ferromagnetic phase. The spin-1 system exhibits energetic hierarchy of length scales resulting from different interaction strengths and we find that the vortex cores deform to a larger size determined by the characteristic length scale of the spin-dependent interaction. We show that in the ferromagnetic phase the resulting stable core structure, despite apparent complexity, can be identified as a single polar core with everywhere nonvanishing axially symmetric density profile. In the polar phase, the energetically favored core deformation leads to a splitting of a singly quantized vortex into a pair of half-quantum vortices that preserves the topology of the vortex outside the extended core region, but breaks the axial symmetry of the core. The resulting half-quantum vortices exhibit nonvanishing ferromagnetic cores.<br/
On the full automorphism group of a Hamiltonian cycle system of odd order
It is shown that a necessary condition for an abstract group G to be the full
automorphism group of a Hamiltonian cycle system is that G has odd order or it
is either binary, or the affine linear group AGL(1; p) with p prime. We show
that this condition is also sufficient except possibly for the class of
non-solvable binary groups.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Very Low Energy Supernovae: Light Curves and Spectra of Shock Breakout
The brief transient emitted as a shock wave erupts through the surface of a
presupernova star carries information about the stellar radius and explosion
energy. Here the CASTRO code, which treats radiation transport using multigroup
flux-limited diffusion, is used to simulate the light curves and spectra of
shock breakout in very low-energy supernovae (VLE SNe), explosions in giant
stars with final kinetic energy much less than 10 erg. VLE SNe light
curves, computed here with the KEPLER code, are distinctively faint, red, and
long-lived, making them challenging to find with transient surveys. The
accompanying shock breakouts are brighter, though briefer, and potentially
easier to detect. Previous analytic work provides general guidance, but
numerical simulations are challenging due to the range of conditions and lack
of equilibration between color and effective temperatures. We consider previous
analytic work and extend discussions of color temperature and opacity to the
lower energy range explored by these events. Since this is the first
application of the CASTRO code to shock breakout, test simulations of normal
energy shock breakout of SN1987A are carried out and compared with the
literature. A set of breakout light curves and spectra are then calculated for
VLE SNe with final kinetic energies in the range ergs for
red supergiants with main sequence masses 15 Msun and 25 Msun. The importance
of uncertainties in stellar atmosphere model, opacity, and ambient medium is
discussed, as are observational prospects with current and forthcoming
missions.Comment: 19 pages; submitted to Astrophysical Journa
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Nutritional adequacy and content of food bank parcels in Oxfordshire, UK: a comparative analysis of independent and organisational provision
Background: Food bank use has increased significantly in the UK. With the
rise in demand, it is imperative that users are receiving food parcels that
meet their requirements. The present study aimed to explore whether typical
food parcels, supplied by The Trussell Trust and independent food banks,
were meeting the daily nutrient and energy requirements of an adult user.
Methods: The Trussell Trust (n = 2) and independent food banks (n = 9)
were surveyed in Oxfordshire, UK. Data were collected on food bank use,
resources, donations and parcel content. The energy and nutrient contents
of a representative parcel were compared with the average dietary reference
values (DRVs) for an adult. Additional comparisons were made between
The Trussell Trust and independent provision.
Results: Parcels provided energy, carbohydrate, sugar, protein and fibre
contents that significantly exceeded the DRVs. In total, 62.2% of energy was
provided as carbohydrate and 569% of the DRV was provided by sugars.
The vitamin D and retinol content of the parcels was significantly lower
than the DRVs, meeting 25% and 27% of users’ needs respectively; provision of all other micronutrients exceeded the DRVs. The Trussell Trust’s
parcels provided significantly less vitamin D and copper than independent
parcels.
Conclusions: Food bank parcels distributed in Oxfordshire, UK, exceeded
energy requirements and provided disproportionately high sugar and carbohydrate and inadequate vitamin A and vitamin D compared to the UK
guidelines. Improved links with distributors and access to cold food storage
facilities would help to address these issues, via increased fresh food
provisio
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