3,358 research outputs found

    Run 2 Upgrades to the CMS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger

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    The CMS Level-1 calorimeter trigger is being upgraded in two stages to maintain performance as the LHC increases pile-up and instantaneous luminosity in its second run. In the first stage, improved algorithms including event-by-event pile-up corrections are used. New algorithms for heavy ion running have also been developed. In the second stage, higher granularity inputs and a time-multiplexed approach allow for improved position and energy resolution. Data processing in both stages of the upgrade is performed with new, Xilinx Virtex-7 based AMC cards.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

    Soil Erosion Management in Catchments: Identifying Best Bet Options with Farmers' Participation

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    Abstract: Sustaining upland agriculture and food security is very much constrained by continuing land degradation brought by soil erosion in the sloping lands of Asia. With the primary purpose of developing and promoting sustainable and socially acceptable communitybased land management systems through a participatory and interdisciplinary approach, the Management of Soil Erosion Consortium (MSEC) started a project in 1998 with funding from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and supervised by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Representative catchments were selected by using carefully defined criteria and methodological guidelines (IBSRAM, 1997). The baseline information were established through biophysical and socio-economic characterization of the sites. Up to five smaller subcatchments of various land uses were further delineated and instrumented soil erosion and hydrological studies. Monitoring of the socieoeconomic parameters was likewise undertaken. The best bet options were identified in consultation with the farmers. Observations showed the significant influence of land use and catchment size on soil erosion. Smaller and more intensively cultivated catchments yielded relatively higher soil loss Variants of the contour hedgerow farming in combination with soil fertility management, use of improved varieties and livestock integration were the primary interventions identified. Consultation with the farmers helped very much in the identification of the land management options that were introduced. While farmers are aware of soil erosion and its effects, their more active involvement increased their appreciation of looking at a longer time horizon. As they are aware of the declining productivity of their land, they were also interested in improving the fertility of their land. Because their immediate concern are the benefits in the short term, other sources of livelihood must also be explored

    Triggering on electrons, jets and tau leptons with the CMS upgraded calorimeter trigger for the LHC RUN II

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    The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment has implemented a sophisticated two-level online selection system that achieves a rejection factor of nearly 10e5. During Run II, the LHC will increase its centre-of-mass energy up to 13 TeV and progressively reach an instantaneous luminosity of 2e34cm-2s-1. In order to guarantee a successful and ambitious physics programme under this intense environment, the CMS Trigger and Data acquisition (DAQ) system has been upgraded. A novel concept for the L1 calorimeter trigger is introduced the Time Multiplexed Trigger (TMT). In this design, nine main receive each all of the calorimeter data from an entire event provided by 18 preprocessors. This design is not different from that of the CMS DAQ and HLT systems. The advantage of the TMT architecture is that a global view and full granularity of the calorimeters can be exploited by sophisticated algortihms. The goal is to maintain the current thresholds for calorimeter objects and improve the performance for their selection. The performance of these algorithms will be demonstrated, both in terms of efficiency and rate reduction. The callenging aspects of the pile-up mitigation and firmware design will be presented

    Relaxation oscillations and negative strain rate sensitivity in the Portevin - Le Chatelier effect

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    A characteristic feature of the Portevin - Le Chatelier effect or the jerky flow is the stick-slip nature of stress-strain curves which is believed to result from the negative strain rate dependence of the flow stress. The latter is assumed to result from the competition of a few relevant time scales controlling the dynamics of jerky flow. We address the issue of time scales and its connection to the negative strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress within the framework of a model for the jerky flow which is known to reproduce several experimentally observed features including the negative strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress. We attempt to understand the above issues by analyzing the geometry of the slow manifold underlying the relaxational oscillations in the model. We show that the nature of the relaxational oscillations is a result of the atypical bent geometry of the slow manifold. The analysis of the slow manifold structure helps us to understand the time scales operating in different regions of the slow manifold. Using this information we are able to establish connection with the strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress. The analysis also helps us to provide a proper dynamical interpretation for the negative branch of the strain rate sensitivity.Comment: 7 figures, To appear in Phys. Rev.

    High order amplitude equation for steps on creep curve

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    We consider a model proposed by one of the authors for a type of plastic instability found in creep experiments which reproduces a number of experimentally observed features. The model consists of three coupled non-linear differential equations describing the evolution of three types of dislocations. The transition to the instability has been shown to be via Hopf bifurcation leading to limit cycle solutions with respect to physically relevant drive parameters. Here we use reductive perturbative method to extract an amplitude equation of up to seventh order to obtain an approximate analytic expression for the order parameter. The analysis also enables us to obtain the bifurcation (phase) diagram of the instability. We find that while supercritical bifurcation dominates the major part of the instability region, subcritical bifurcation gradually takes over at one end of the region. These results are compared with the known experimental results. Approximate analytic expressions for the limit cycles for different types of bifurcations are shown to agree with their corresponding numerical solutions of the equations describing the model. The analysis also shows that high order nonlinearities are important in the problem. This approach further allows us to map the theoretical parameters to the experimentally observed macroscopic quantities.Comment: LaTex file and eps figures; Communicated to Phys. Rev.

    Precise measurement of the top quark mass in the dilepton channel at D0

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    We measure the top quark mass (mt) in ppbar collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV using dilepton ttbar->W+bW-bbar->l+nubl-nubarbbar events, where l denotes an electron, a muon, or a tau that decays leptonically. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb-1 collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We obtain mt = 174.0 +- 1.8(stat) +- 2.4(syst) GeV, which is in agreement with the current world average mt = 173.3 +- 1.1 GeV. This is currently the most precise measurement of mt in the dilepton channel.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

    A search for charged massive long-lived particles

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    We report on a search for charged massive long-lived particles (CMLLPs), based on 5.2 fb1^{-1} of integrated luminosity collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron ppˉp\bar{p} collider. We search for events in which one or more particles are reconstructed as muons but have speed and ionization energy loss (dE/dx)(dE/dx) inconsistent with muons produced in beam collisions. CMLLPs are predicted in several theories of physics beyond the standard model. We exclude pair-produced long-lived gaugino-like charginos below 267 GeV and higgsino-like charginos below 217 GeV at 95% C.L., as well as long-lived scalar top quarks with mass below 285 GeV.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Letter

    Direct measurement of the mass difference between top and antitop quarks

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    We present a direct measurement of the mass difference between top and antitop quarks (dm) in lepton+jets top-antitop final states using the "matrix element" method. The purity of the lepton+jets sample is enhanced for top-antitop events by identifying at least one of the jet as originating from a b quark. The analyzed data correspond to 3.6 fb-1 of proton-antiproton collisions at 1.96 TeV acquired by D0 in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The combination of the e+jets and mu+jets channels yields dm = 0.8 +/- 1.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst) GeV, which is in agreement with the standard model expectation of no mass difference.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.
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