Residu Jerami Padi Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Tanah Sulfat Masam Berkelanjutan

. Large amount of acid sulfate soil area both actual and potential acid sulfate soil in Indonesia is potential for agriculture development. Soil acidity, low nutrient availability, and iron toxicity are some constrains that often limit plant growth in the soils. Organic matter management is one of the important technologies to increase sustainable acid sulfate soil productivity. This paper discuses the potency of rice straw residues as a source of nutrients and ameliorant that are able to increase sustainable acid sulfate soil productivity. The use of rice straw residue is a very important role in increasing acid sulfate soil productivity because it could be a source of plant nutrients, improve efficiency of P fertilizer, and reduce Fe toxicity. The use of rice straw residues can increase rice production at acid sulfate soil. If the rice straw residue is combined with other component of technologies, such as the use of decomposer of trichoderma, planting rice variety that is resistant to iron toxicity (IR 66 and Margasari), and a the use of biofilter in the inlet canal, the rice production would be higher

Palm Oil Mill Efluent - Zeolite Mixture Improves Acid and Base Cations in Acid Sulfate Soil

Acid sulfate soil contains high acid cations. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) mixed with zeolite can increase pH of acid sulfate soil. Base cations (Ca, K and Mg) on zeolite are exchangeable with H+  and Al3+ ions in acid sulfate soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of application of POME-zeolite mixture on acid cations of acid sulfate soil. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design, with 9 treatments of POME applied on 10 kg of acid sulfate soil. Acid sulfate soil was put into 45cm x 40cm polybag. POME plus zeolite powder (60 mesh, type clinoptilolite) was applied on soil by watering evenly and incubated for 4 weeks at room temperature. The results showed that the content of acid cations of exchangeable-Al and exchangeable-H decreased by 71.21% and 27.71%, respectively after application of POME -zeolite. The application of POME without zeolite decreased the content of exchangeable-Al and exchangeable-H by 46.54% and 42.75%, respectively. Aluminium saturation has decreased after POME-zeolite application from 42.68% (high) to 8.52% (very low). Base saturation increased after application of POME-zeolite application from 17.64% (very low) to 34.88% (low). Application of palm oil mill effluent-zeolite mixture decreased acid cations in acid sulfate soil. Base saturation correlates positively to pH and cation exchange capacity and negatively correlates to Al saturation. The main factors controlling the increase of pH, base saturation and cation exchange capacity of acid sulfate soil after POME-zeolite application were the decrease of exchangeable-H, followed by exchangeable-Al and total-Fe

Residu Jerami Padi untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Tanah Sulfat Masam Berkelanjutan

Abstrak. Lahan pasang surut sulfat masam baik aktual maupun potensial cukup luas sebarannya di tanah air sehingga berpotensi untuk perluasan pertanian. Kemasaman tanah, rendahnya ketersediaan hara, dan keracunan besi adalah kendala tanah utama yang sering menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman di tanah ini. Pengelolaan bahan organik adalah salah satu komponen teknologi penting untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanah sulfat masam yang berkelanjutan. Makalah ini memaparkan potensi residu jerami padi sebagai sumber hara dan amelioran yang mampu meningkatkan produktivitas tanah sulfat masam berkelanjutan. Penggunaan residu jerami padi mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan produktivitas tanah sulfat masam karena residu jerami padi dapat menjadi sumber hara tanaman, meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan P, dan mengurangi tingkat keracunan Fe. Penggunaan residu jerami padi dapat meningkatkan produksi padi sawah pada tanah sulfat masam. Bila residu jerami padi ini dikombinasikan dengan komponen teknologi lainnya seperti penggunaan decomposer trichoderma, varietas padi tahan keracunan besi (IR 66 dan Margasari), dan biofilter di saluran air masuk maka hasil tanaman padi akan lebih tinggi.Abstract. Large amount of acid sulfate soil area both actual and potential acid sulfate soil in Indonesia is potential for agriculture development. Soil acidity, low nutrient availability, and iron toxicity are some constrains that often limit plant growth in the soils. Organic matter management is one of the important technologies to increase sustainable acid sulfate soil productivity. This paper discuses the potency of rice straw residues as a source of nutrients and ameliorant that are able to increase sustainable acid sulfate soil productivity. The use of rice straw residue is a very important role in increasing acid sulfate soil productivity because it could be a source of plant nutrients, improve efficiency of P fertilizer, and reduce Fe toxicity. The use of rice straw residues can increase rice production at acid sulfate soil. If the rice straw residue is combined with other component of technologies, such as the use of decomposer of trichoderma, planting rice variety that is resistant to iron toxicity (IR 66 and Margasari), and a the use of biofilter in the inlet canal, the rice production would be higher

Gallionella and Sulfuricella populations are dominant during the transition of boreal potential to actual acid sulfate soils

Acid sulfate soils release metal laden, acidic waters that affect the environment, buildings, and human health. In this study, 16S rRNA gene amplicons, metagenomes, and metatranscriptomes all demonstrated distinct microbial communities and activities in the unoxidized potential acid sulfate soil, the overlying transition zone, and uppermost oxidized actual acid sulfate soil. Assembled genomes and mRNA transcripts also suggested abundant oxidized acid sulfate soil populations that aligned within the Gammaproteobacteria and Terracidiphilus. In contrast, potentially acid tolerant or moderately acidophilic iron oxidizing Gallionella and sulfur metabolizing Sulfuricella dominated the transition zone during catalysis of metal sulfide oxidation to form acid sulfate soil. Finally, anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to nitrate, sulfate, and ferric reduction were suggested to occur in the reduced parent sediments. In conclusion, despite comparable metal sulfide dissolution processes e.g., biomining, Gallionella and Sulfuricella dominated the community and activities during conversion of potential to actual acid sulfate soils.UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) DE-AC02-05CH11231 DE-AC05-76RL01830Nessling Foundation 201700273 201800502Svensk-OEsterbottniska Samfundet r.f. 18/0604European Regional Development Fund via the Interreg Botnia-Atlantica programSwedish Research Council Swedish Research Council Formas 2018-00760Geological Survey of Sweden 36-1878/2017Swedish Research CouncilEuropean Commission 2018-05973Swedish Research Council infrastructure project Biodiversity Atlas Sweden (VR) 2017-00688 Swedish Research Council Forma

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS INPUT ON PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY IN LIMED ACID SULFATE SOILS FISHPOND

One of problems of building lishponds in acid sulfate soil areas is their poor responseto fertilization

Response of Eggplant to Integrated Approaches for Sustainable Reclamation and Improvement of a Cheringa Hot Spot of Acid Sulfate Soil

The application of basic slag (BS20 and BS30: basic slag 20 and 30 t ha-1) and aggregate size (A20 and A30: aggregate sizes of soil less than 20 and 20-30 mm) and different techniques (Tech 1: pyrite at top, jarosite at middle, and top soil at the bottom of ridge; Tech 2: top soil at top, pyrite at middle, and jarosite layer at the bottom of ridge) exerted significant (p≤0.05) positive effects on the growth and yield of eggplants cultivated under field condition and the effects varied not only with the kinds and amounts of amending materials but also with the techniques applied. The soil showed a silty clay loam texture, initial pH value of 4.1, pyrite content of 55 g kg-1, base saturation of 47%, ECe value of 3.6 dS m-1, high exchangeable Fe3+ and Al3+ contents of 1.47 and 5.29 cmolc kg-1, respectively. The pH value of the average soil data obtained from all the treatments during fruit set (95 days after transplantation) of eggplants was found to be increased in pH by 1.2 units higher compared with the control (i.e. initial pH value). The contents of P, K, Ca and Mg in the average soil data during fruit set were found to be increased (IOC = increased over control) by 41 to 127% IOC, while the contents of Al3+, Fe3+, Na+, Cl- and SO4 2- in the soil were found to be decreased by 28 to 92% IOC. The different treatments on eggplants grown under the modified-plain-ridge-ditch techniques in the Cheringa acid sulfate soil significantly (0≤0.05) increased the fresh yield of eggplants, and the increment was more pronounced with Tech 2. The maximum yield of 17.8 t ha-1 of eggplant for Tech 1 and 20.1 t ha-1 for Tech 2 were recorded by the application of BS30 in the soils of smaller aggregates (A20) at the ridges of Tech 2, followed by the A30BS30 treatments in both the techniques. The lowest quantity of 1.7 t ha-1 yield was recorded by the control treatment. The eggplants grown in the ridges of both the techniques exhibited the best responses on N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents in eggplant tissues during fruit set. As expected, the lowest contents of these nutrients in the eggplants were recorded in the control treatment. Sulfur content of the eggplants grown in the control plots was 3.6 g kg-1 and was in the range of adequate S content (4 g kg-1). However, the S contents in the eggplants grown in different treatments were significantly (p≤0.01) lower compared with the adequate level. The effectiveness of the treatments for the reclamation of the soil in relation to the growth of eggplants was: Tech 2 > Tech 1, BS30 > BS20, and A20 > A30. The results suggest that the physicochemical properties of the soil, and the growth, yield and nutrition of eggplants were strikingly improved by the application of flash leaching followed by BS30 and A20 treatments in the ridges of Tech 2, and are regarded as the best reclamation measures for this acid sulfate soil

Esperance area acid sulfate soil hazard mapping

This project created a regional scale (1:100 000) acid sulfate soil (ASS) hazard map for the Lake Warden and Esperance town areas, using a combination of existing soil-landscape mapping information and elevation data, supported by field observations and laboratory data from 18 soil cores and 29 additional borelogs with descriptive information useful for identifying ASS and potential ASS materials. All data gathered during this project used common standards and protocols developed in Australia for identifying and mapping ASS materials. The project extends the mapping for acid sulfate soil in the region, complementing existing maps compiled for other parts of the state. This map should be used in conjunction with protocols developed by the Department of Environment and Conservation for the management of acid sulfate soil materials. The resulting hazard map classifies the landscape according to the probability of intercepting ASS materials within the top 6m of regolith. A three-class rating is used: ‘high probability of occurrence’, ‘low probability of occurrence, ‘very low probability of occurrence’, commonly used on regional-scale ASS hazard maps in Australia. This scale of mapping is only suitable to signal the need for further assessment prior to land development involving excavation and/or drainage. Management decisions and actions will require individual site investigations. The recent (Quaternary) geomorphology of the Esperance area where ASS materials may be found was a near-shore shallow marine and lacustrine/estuarine sedimentary environment. This was followed by a period of sea regression and deposition of aeolian (wind-blown) sands over these deposits. Thus, ASS materials have a high probability of occurrence in current low-lying areas, swamps and lakes. These landscapes cover about 8,140 ha of reserves, agricultural and rural-residential land around Esperance township. ASS materials may also be found under sand sheets and dunes that blanket lakes and swamps. In these situations, ASS materials are only likely to be intercepted in the swales (depressions) of dunes and under very shallow sand sheets, and so they are rated as having a low probability of occurrence. These landscapes cover about 2,170 ha of land, mostly on the southern (town) side of the lake system, extending east of Bandy Creek to near the wastewater treatment plant and tip. Much of this area is residential, light industrial, rural residential and unallocated Crown land. The soil-landscape map units that correspond to these geomorphological environments are the Gore 1, 2 and 3 subsystems and low-lying parts of the Tooregullup 5 subsystem. All other areas around Esperance, including headlands, larger dunes and sand sheets west of town, and all land north of the coastal plain that the lakes system occupies, is considered very low probability of occurrence. This study and existing protocols on identifying and managing ASS materials provides land planners and developers in Esperance with guidelines to manage potential issues relating to acid generation caused by dewatering or excavation

The beneficial of wetland Tanjung Piai to community

Wetlands are one of the natural resources that can be seen are suffering for the past few years from human activities. The destruction of wetlands not only came from human activities but also from natural event such as continuous erosion that occurs at Tanjung Piai. The destruction of wetlands not only occurs in Malaysia but also in other country. The study was carried out at wetlands located in Tanjung Piai to identify the beneficial of wetland Tanjung Piai to community and wildlife. For the past few years, problem related to water such as flooding and water pollution worsen but wetlands seems to be one of the method to reduce these events. Wetland becomes storage area that accepts rainwater that cannot be accepted by river. Water that went through as groundwater recharge will go through filtration first thus, reducing the unwanted material in the water. Other than that wetland also acts as habitat for animals and measures to reduce erosion. Despite of the benefit of wetlands to community, wetland suffers from pollution, extinction of the mangrove and climate change. The study was carried out through observation and interview on the person in charge of the Tanjung Piai wetland. The objectives of the study are to identify the benefit of the wetland, problems that was suffered by wetland and measures to make sure wetland are in good condition

The potential of organic matter and water management on the alleviation of iron toxicity in rice plants

Iron toxicity in rice plants occurs due to the excessive concentrations of ferrous ions (Fe2+) in the soil solution. The application of organic matter and water management is one way to alleviate iron toxicity in rice plants. This study aimed to determine the potential of organic matter and water management in controlling the solubility of Fe2+ in the soil and its effect on the symptoms of toxicity, growth and yield of rice plants. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute from August to December 2020, arranged in a completely randomized design with three factors. The first factor consisted of low Fe2+ concentration (300 ppm, potential acid sulfate soil (PASS)), the second factor consisted of waterlogging without leaching and leaching of once every two weeks, and the third factor consisted of without organic matter amendment and with organic matter amendment of 2.5 ton.ha-1. The results showed that the soil leaching in acid sulfate soils decreased the activity of PPO by 10.28% and increased yield by 10.10%. Meanwhile, the application of organic matter in acid sulfate soil decreased the activity of PPO by 8.91% and increased yield by 8.06%. The leaching of once every two weeks and organic matter amendment of 2.5 ton.ha-1 are recommended to alleviate iron toxicity and increase rice productivity in acid sulfate soil

Aluminum toxicity in acid sulfate soil alleviated with biogenic liming composites of blood cockle shell and palm kernel shell

Low crop yield from acid sulfate soil was caused by high concentrations of aluminum and iron in soil. Aluminum ion which cause root injury at root region inhibits the uptake of the nutrients by the root and lead to nutrient deficiency. Ground magnesium limestones can beapplied to overcome this problem but incurred more production cost. Biogenic liming agent from blood cockle shell and/or palm kernel shell are more cost effective and provide the essential element i.e. calcium. This study evaluate phase-association of Al in acid sulfate soil remediated using biogenic composites liming material using selective sequential extraction analysis. Biogenic liming composites were characterized for pH, proximate analysis and elemental composition. High ratio of BCS in composite retained Al in the residual form about 91.33%. Amelioration of soil with 100% PKS did not give significant reduction of the exchangeable Al.Keywords: soil remediation; phytotoxicity; abiotic stress; calcination; alkalinity