Wood Ash from Bread Bakery as Partial Replacement for Cement in Concrete

This paper reports the results of experiments evaluating the use of wood ash from bread bakery as partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement in concrete. The chemical composition of the wood ash as well as the workability and compressive strength of the concrete were determined. Wood ash was used to replace 5% - 25% by weight of the cement in concrete. Concrete with no wood ash serves as the control. The mix ratio used was 1:2:4 with water to binder ratio maintained at 0.5. The Compressive strength was determined at curing ages 3, 7, 28, 56, 90 and 120 days. The results showed that wood ash from bread bakery is a Class F fly ash since the sum of (SiO2 +Al2O3 +Fe2O3) is greater than 70%. The compressive strength of wood ash concrete increases with curing period and decreases with increasing wood ash content. There was a sharp decrease in compressive strength beyond 10% wood ash substitution. It was concluded that a maximum of 10% wood ash substitution is adequate for use in structural concret

Pemanfaatan Abu Limbah Gergaji Kayu Sebagai Campuran Pembuatan Beton

Berbagai penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan material wood ash, khususnya sebagai material pengganti semen (pozzolan) telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengaruh penggunaan wood ash sebagai bahan campuran beton terhadap workability, kuat tekan dan kuat tarik dari beton. Presentase penggantian kadar semen dengan wood ash yang digunakan adalah sebesar 10%, 15% dan 20%. Tes X-Ray Fluorescence dilakukan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia dari abu kayu tersebut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa wood ash yang digunakan merupakan pozzolan tipe C dengan total kadar SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 sebesar 63.97%. Uji kuat tekan dilakukan pada umur 7,14, dan 28 hari. Sedangkan uji tarik dilakukan pada umur 7 dan 28 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa beton dengan wood ash memiliki workability yang lebih rendah dibandingkan beton yang tanpa wood ash. Dari segi kekuatan, beton dengan wood ash memiliki kuat tekan dan kuat tarik yang masih berada dibawah kekuatan beton normal namun memiliki perkembangan kekuatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan beton normal

Potential Value-added Utilization of Wood Ash in Construction Materials

Wood ash is a byproduct from biomass power plants. Most of the wood ash is currently being disposed of as landfilling material that causes severe economic and environmental concerns. This project focuses on the feasibility of using this wood ash in construction materials. Wood ash was found to contain varieties of mineral phases including calcium carbonate, calcium aluminate, and quartz. Based on the chemical composition, the efficacy of wood ash (i) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), (ii) in the controlled low strength materials (CLSM) production and (iii) Portland cement production was evaluated. Wood ash with adequate pozzolanic properties can be used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in concrete production. In practice, coal fly ash, slag, and silica fume are commonly used SCM in concrete and these materials positively contribute to the concrete strength and durability at later ages via pozzolanic reaction. Controlled low strength materials (CLSM) are typically produced with high coal fly ash content, low cement content, water and aggregates, and the strength are attained via pozzolanic reaction. Because of the probable pozzolanic properties, wood ash can partially or fully replace fly ash in the production of controlled low strength materials (CLSM). Production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) requires 60 to 70% of CaO phases and generally, it is supplied by using limestone (CaCO3) phases. The significant amount of calcium carbonate phase present in wood ash makes it a potential material to be used as a raw material for cement production. For SCM, the test results illustrated that the workability of wood ash blended samples are found to reduce as the replacement level is increased, this is because of the presence of metallic alumina. The replacement of wood ash in both ground and sieved form is studied because of the presence of less fine particles. The ground samples are noted to give better strength than that of the sieved ones. The samples with ground wood ash are found to have hydraulic properties. The ground wood ash can replace cement up to 30% and sieved wood ash can replace cement up to 20% in mortar samples without any significant effect on compressive strength. In the CLSM production, the wood ash can replace fly ash by 100 percent without any decrease in the target strength. The cement clinker produced using wood ash as a raw material is found to have a higher reaction rate than that of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The wood ash cement clinker is found to have a very similar chemical composition as that of an ordinary Portland cement clinker

The use of Polystyrene from Ballpen Barrels and Wood Ash as Additives in Making Lightweight Bricks.

This study aimed to determine the ability of polystyrene in ballpen barrels of making a brick to be more compacted than the ordinary clay bricks. Polystyrene is a synthetic aromatic hydrocarbon polymer made from the monomer styrene that also makes a brick denser. The Wood ash from burned wood are usually used by the gardeners as a good source of potash. Wood ash has an ability of making the bricks lighter than the usual clay bricks. Additional wood ash is better than coal ash, because coal ash has a dangerous chemicals that may harm human. The goal of this study is to lessen the ballpen barrels and wood ash that are not disposed properly and make this in a creative way. Five test was conducted to determine the potential of polystyrene and wood ash namely water absorption test, drop test, efflorescence test, compressive test and heat resistance test. Based from the data gathered, it concluded that polystyrene from ballpen barrel and wood ash with the ratio of 50% Cement, 25% Wood Ash, 25% Ballpen Barrels is effective additives in production of lightweigh

Improving fertility of an acid Alfisol and maize (Zea mays L.) yield performance with integrated application of organic and inorganic soil amendments

In view of the limitations or inadequacies of sole use of organic or inorganic fertilizers to improve soil fertility, as well as high cost and scarcity in Nigeria, of inorganic limes, commonly used for reducing soil acidity. There is a dire need to critically assess the potential of combined application of readily available and cheap organic and inorganic fertilizers, as nutrient sources to improve soil fertility, and the use of organic limes to reduce soil acidity, and thus, ensure balanced crop nutrition with attendant high crop yield. To this effect, a two – year study was designed to evaluate the influence of wood ash – based soil amendments on chemical properties of an acid Alfisol and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ekiti State University, Ado – Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, during 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The wood ash – based soil amendments included: sole wood ash (SWA); wood ash + NPK (15 – 15- 15) fertilizer (WA+ NPK); wood ash + ammonium sulphate fertilizer (WA+AS); and no fertilizer (NF) (check), which served as the control treatment. The results obtained indicated existence of significant (P = 0.05) differences among the wood ash – based soil amendments as regards their effects on chemical properties of the Alfisol and maize grain yield. At the end of 2011 cropping season, application of the wood ash – based soil amendments resulted in significant (P = 0.05) increases in soil organic carbon (SOC) from 0.61 g kg-1 for NF to 1.47, 1.32 and 1.09 g kg-1 for SWA, WA+ NPK, and WA+AS, respectively. Similarly, at the end of 2012 cropping season, application of the wood ash – based soil amendments resulted in significant increases in SOC from 0.43 g kg-1 for NF to 1.65, 1.51 and 1.17 g kg-1 for SWA, WA+ NPK, and WA+AS, respectively. At the end of 2011 cropping season, application of the wood ash – based soil amendments significantly increased total nitrogen from 0.26 g kg-1 for NF to 0.40, 0.57 and 0.51 g kg-1 for SWA, WA+ NPK, and WA+AS, respectively. At the end of 2012 cropping season, the wood ash – based soil amendments significantly increased total nitrogen from 0.14 g kg-1 for NF to 0.51, 0.66 and 0.60 g kg-1 for the respective SWA, WA+ NPK, and WA+AS.  Means of maize grain yield data across the two years of experimentation indicated that, the wood ash – based soil amendments significantly increased maize grain yield from 0.86 t ha-1 for NF to 2.26, 2.57 and 2.47 t ha-1 for the respective SWA, WA + NPK and WA + AS. Of all the fertilizer combination treatments, wood ash + NPK fertilizer gave the highest maize grain yield and yield components in both years, and therefore, a judicious and balanced combination of wood ash and NPK fertilizer is recommended for maize cultivation. Key words: Acid, alfisol, fertility, inorganic, maize, organic, soi

EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION USE OF WOOD ASH

Biomass as a source of energy will reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, but at the same time, we add value to countries where biomass fuel sources are just beginning to thrive, in addition to providing renewable energy sources. Biomass energy is recognized as an important component in many countries, as future energy scenario and could contribute significantly to the economic, social situation and environmental objectives. Therefore, the emphasis on biomass as an alternative to fossil fuels has increased in recent times. Research has been conducted for the determination of ash wood, wood ash adding soil, wood ash addition of concrete, but to results subdivisions include information on the quantity of wood ash, wood ash for the soil, concrete strength and determination of wood pellets ash compression

Properties of Self-compacting Concrete Produced with Biomass Wood Ash

The demand of the contemporary society for renewable energy sources lead to the increase of the bio-power plants. Accordingly, the amount of ash generated by burning the biomass is increased, and its disposal becomes a large environmental problem. The paper presents the research of potential use of biomass wood ash as a partial replacement for coal fly ash (10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of mass) in production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The effects of biomass wood ash on the properties of SCC in fresh and hardened states have been examined, as well as on the properties of durability. Test results indicated that the biomass wood ash slightly reduces the flowability and passing ability of SCC, while its addition enhances the viscosity of SCC and significantly prevents segregation and bleeding. SCCs with the contents of biomass wood ash up to 20% have approximately same mechanical strength as the reference mixture. Biomass wood ash has no negative effect on the resistance of concrete to the action of water under pressure, but a decrease of freeze/thaw resistance with de-icing salt is detected as its contents increases. The addition of biomass wood ash into SCC increases the drying shrinkage in the initial period of drying (up to 14 days), and it is decreased in a later phase

Potential Agronomic Benefits of Wood Ash Application on Reclaimed Surface Mined Lands

Wood ash is a by-product generated by paper companies, lumber manufacturing plants and utilities that bum wood products, bark and papermill sludge as a means of disposal and/or energy production. Large quantities of wood ash are generated by these industries since wood generally contains 6 to 10% ash. Most of these ashes are landfilled or discarded in lagoons. However, the increasing expense of landfill disposal has led to increased interest in the land application of industry generated wood ash

Comparison of insecticidal efficacy of four natural substances against granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius [L.]) adults: does the combined use of the substances improve their efficacy?

Laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of different natural inert dusts (diatomaceous earth, wood ash, quartz sand) and the leaf powder of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. against granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius [L.]) adults. The efficacy of the substances was tested individually and in combination with each other. The substances were applied at different concentrations, and bioassays were carried out at four different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C) and two different relative humidity (RH) levels (55% and 75%). The adult mortality was recorded after the 7th, 14th and 21st days of exposure. The progeny production of individuals exposed to different combinations was also assessed. Wood ash proved to be the most efficient inert dust in our research. We detected 100% mortality in the treatment exposed to a higher concentration (5 w%) of wood ash at 35°C and 55% RH after 7 days of exposure. A lower RH level had also a negative impact on the progeny production. We can conclude that wood ash can be efficient in controlling granary weevil adults as a single substance or in combination with other substances. Further surveys should focus on the impact of the wood ash dose rates. Due to the high percentage of area covered with forest in some European countries, the main ingredient is present locally, but additional surveys are needed to help improve the practical use of wood ash

THE EFFECT OF AN INNOVATIVE FERTILIZER OF DIGESTATE AND WOOD ASH MIXTURES ON WINTER GARLIC PRODUCTIVITY

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a widespread crop in vegetable production. The popularity of garlic is due to its bactericidal and antioxidant properties. Digestate and wood ash are the by-products of cogeneration plants. The digestate is rich in nutrients, can provide a large part of the nutrients needed by the plant during the growing season, as well as improves the soil structure. Wood ash contains small amounts of phosphorus and potassium and is strongly alkaline (pH 8–12) due to the oxides in its composition, mostly calcium carbonate. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of fertilizer rates of the digestate and wood ash mixtures on winter garlic productivity and harvest quality. Field trials with the winter garlic variety 'Lubaša' were established in sod clay, loamy soil. In the garlic plantation, different variants of fertilizer mixtures were used – they contained pig or cattle manure or plant residue digestate, and wood ash. The ratio of digestate and wood ash in the mixtures was 3:1; fertilizer rates for winter garlic were 15 and 30 t ha-1. In the study, the different types of fertilizers showed different effects on the yield and quality of winter garlic.