402 research outputs found

    Classification of Pulmonary Nodules by Using Hybrid Features

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    Early detection of pulmonary nodules is extremely important for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. In this study, a new classification approach for pulmonary nodules from CT imagery is presented by using hybrid features. Four different methods are introduced for the proposed system. The overall detection performance is evaluated using various classifiers. The results are compared to similar techniques in the literature by using standard measures. The proposed approach with the hybrid features results in 90.7% classification accuracy (89.6% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity)

    Molecular Profiling of Inflammatory Arthritis

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    Mass spectrometry-based cancer biomarker discovery

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    The aim of the projects in this thesis was to identify biomarkers for clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) and head and neck/oral squamous cell carcinoma (HNOSCC), using quantitative or qualitative proteomics. Comparative analysis of cancerous and normal tissue homogenates, or secretome analysis of cancer cell cultures using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and immunoassay techniques, allowed the identification of different types of biomarkers: diagnostic or prognostic, biofluid- or tissue-based. Chapter 1 of this thesis provides general information on cancer and cancer biomarker discovery. Chapter 2 gives a brief introduction to the techniques used in this work and theories behind them. Chapters 3 - 5 are papers that resulted from the cancer biomarker discovery research performed here, and Chapter 6 contains the conclusions, the author's comments and the final remarks. The papers on the identification of biomarkers for different diseases, to which the author of this thesis contributed, are listed in the Appendix

    The 26th Annual Boston University Undergraduate Research (UROP) Abstracts

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    The file is available to be viewed by anyone in the BU community. To view the file, click on "Login" or the Person icon top-right with your BU Kerberos password. You will then be able to see an option to View.Abstracts for the 2023 UROP Symposium, held at Boston University on October 20, 2023 at GSU Metcalf Ballroom. Cover and logo design by Morgan Danna. Booklet compiled by Molly Power

    Cutaneous Melanoma Classification: The Importance of High-Throughput Genomic Technologies

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    Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive tumor responsible for 90% of mortality related to skin cancer. In the recent years, the discovery of driving mutations in melanoma has led to better treatment approaches. The last decade has seen a genomic revolution in the field of cancer. Such genomic revolution has led to the production of an unprecedented mole of data. High-throughput genomic technologies have facilitated the genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of several cancers, including melanoma. Nevertheless, there are a number of newer genomic technologies that have not yet been employed in large studies. In this article we describe the current classification of cutaneous melanoma, we review the current knowledge of the main genetic alterations of cutaneous melanoma and their related impact on targeted therapies, and we describe the most recent highthroughput genomic technologies, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. We hope that the current review will also help scientists to identify the most suitable technology to address melanoma-related relevant questions. The translation of this knowledge and all actual advancements into the clinical practice will be helpful in better defining the different molecular subsets of melanoma patients and provide new tools to address relevant questions on disease management. Genomic technologies might indeed allow to better predict the biological - and, subsequently, clinical - behavior for each subset of melanoma patients as well as to even identify all molecular changes in tumor cell populations during disease evolution toward a real achievement of a personalized medicine

    Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma 2021–2022

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    Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is currently one of the most interesting areas of study in oncology. Despite the advances made in this field, this tumor continues to be a health problem of major concern in Western societies, seriously affecting public health services. Several characteristics of this tumor make it an exciting meeting point for translational collaboration between clinicians and basic researchers. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a paradigmatic example of inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity from morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular viewpoints. This tumor is also a good example to investigate the complexity of tumor/tumor and tumor/environment relationships from an ecological perspective. A deeper identification of the varied internal tumor self-organization through the specialization of cell clones and subclones as local invaders and metastasizers, on one hand, and the interactions of specific subsets of tumor cells with the local host microenvironment, on the other, will significantly enrich our knowledge of this neoplasm. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is also a paradigmatic test bench for antiangiogenic and immune checkpoint blockage therapies. The refinement of these therapeutic tools administered alone or in combination is a hot issue in oncology, and several international trials are underway
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