An incubation perspective on social innovation : the London Hub - a social incubator

In the context of incubators, particularly those that are driven to achieving social objectives, this paper investigates core processes that support the development of social innovation. Social innovation as this paper argues is underpinned by a new form of social collaboration and engagement built upon strong forms of sharing knowledge and learning. Coupled with this is the element of social capital reinforced by entrepreneurship and leadership that promotes sustainability in the community. These factors drive innovative thinking and ways of engaging among stakeholders in order to create new forms of socio-economic impact. Such value-creating activity occurs in firms that operate within incubators involving a wide range of stakeholders who work through networks to co-create and meet social challenges. Through a case study of a social incubator and an incubatee, we demonstrate the core processes that irradiate the argument on social innovation. The contribution of this paper is threefold: firstly, social innovation is an emerging area of research, of which there is a dearth in terms of examining the processes empirically. We address the gap in this field by demonstrating the value of social collaboration and engagement using different innovation models. Secondly, we establish links between social innovation and incubation using the concept of social capital. This allows us to achieve our third contribution: exemplification of a dyadic value-based partnership and collaboration processes between an incubator and an incubatee, through activities driven by social innovation which aim to have social impact. The paper concludes with practice implications and suggests directions for future research

The motivation drivers of the fan’s engagement on Facebook

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 사범대학 체육교육과,글로벌스포츠매니지먼트전공, 2022. 8. KIM, Kihan.Sports fans establish special and engaging relationships, both offline and online, with their favourite sports in general federation in particular. However, in relation to social media, research on the engagement of sports, fans are still limited. The aim of this study was to understand how the FIVB motivating their fans to engage on Facebook, also was to identify the FIVB Facebook content that drive the fans to interact on its official Facebook page “Volleyball World”. In addition to understand the potential relation between the Fan behavioural and the motivational drivers. Seven motives (Information, Entertainment, Personal identity, Integration and social interaction, Empowerment, Remuneration, and Brand-Love) and the social media fan engagement behavioural have been considered following the Uses and Gratifications approach. There were three elements of online engagement behaviours investigated (Consumption, Contribution, and Creation). Between October and November 2020, a web-based survey was done via Google Form online survey among volleyball fans of the International Volleyball Federation official page on Facebook, generating 310 responses. Consumption, contribution, and creation were primarily driven by Information, Empowerment and Brand love. This study adds to the emerging research in sports marketing literature on the use of social media, thereby revealing new ways for managers to reach their fan base online.스포츠 팬들은 그들이 좋아하는 스포츠와 관련하여, 특히 일반 연맹과 오프라인 및 온라인 모두에서 특별하고 매력적인 관계를 맺는다. 그러나, 소셜 미디어와 관련하여, 스포츠 참여에 대한 연구 및 팬에 대한 연구는 여전히 제한적이다. 이 연구의 목적은 팬 행동과 동기 부여 요인 간의 잠재적 관계를 이해하는 것 이외에도, FIVB가 어떻게 그들의 팬들이 페이스북에 참여하도록 동기를 부여하는지 이해하는 것이었고, 또한 공식 페이스북 페이지인 “Volleyball World”에서 팬들이 상호작용하도록 하는 FIVB 페이스 북 콘텐츠를 확인하는 것이었다. 7가지 동기(정보, 엔터테인먼트, 개인 정체성, 통합 및 사회적 상호 작용, 권한 부여, 보수, 브랜드-사랑)와 소셜 미디어 팬 참여 행동은 이용과 만족 접근법에 따라 고려되었다. 조사된 온라인 참여 행동에는 세 가지 요소(소비, 기여 및 창조)가 있었다. 2020년 10월부터 11월까지 국제배구연맹 공식 페이스북 페이지의 배구팬을 대상으로 구글 폼을 활용한 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였고, 310개의 응답을 얻었다. 소비, 기여 및 창조는 주로 정보, 권한 부여 및 브랜드 사랑에 의해 형성되었다. 이 연구는 소셜 미디어 사용에 대한 스포츠 마케팅 문헌의 최신 연구에 추가되어, 매니저들이 온라인으로 그들의 팬 층에 다가갈 수 있는 새로운 방법을 보여줄 것이다.Acknoweldgement iii Abstract v Table of Contents vii List of Tables ix List of Figures x Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Current Context 1 1.2. Research Significance 4 1.3. Research Hypothesis 5 Chapter 2. Review of Literature 7 2.1. Sport Governing Bodies' Use of Social Media 7 2.2. Antecedents of Engagement with Social Media 12 2.2.1. Uses and Gratifications of Sport Organizations' Social Media 12 2.2.2 COBRA typology and FIVB social media 24 2.2.3. Engagement with Social Media 27 2.2.4. Study Context: FIVB 34 2.2.5. Applying U&G on FIVB 40 Chapter 3. Methods 42 3.1. Sampling 44 3.2. Survey methods 45 3.3. Data type 45 3.4. Instruments (DV and IV) 46 3.5. Data analysis 46 3.6. Respondents' characteristics 47 3.7. Ethical considerations 47 Chapter 4. Results 49 4.1. Sample Description 50 4.2. Descriptive Statistics 51 4.3. Reliability Analysis 52 4.4. Hypotheses Testing 55 Chapter 5. Discussion 58 5.1. Discussion 58 5.2. Hypotheses Results 62 5.3. Conclusion 63 5.4. Limitation 67 5.5. Future Implications 68 Bibliograpgy 69 Appendix A 74 Appendix B 76 Appendix C 83 국 문 초 록 84석

The B2B sector:using social media effectively to enhance business development

Research Question: 1. In which ways can social media in a B2B context be utilized to identify prospective customers, business partners or other stakeholders; to strengthen relationships; to create long-term value; to enter new markets or to develop products? 2. How can B2B companies achieve full potential of their social media activity? 3. Is it possible and recommendable for B2B companies to take a ‘B2C approach’ on social media in order to leverage business development? Research Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop a deeper understanding of the social media phenomenon in a B2B context in relation to business development. Method: This research qualitatively analyzed contrasting case examples. The empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews and assessed with the help of the thematic framework method. The theoretical chapter was built through an iterative approach. Conclusion: The empirical data of this analysis strongly indicate that social media can be used to enhance business development in the B2B context. Social media provides opportunities for B2B organizations to identify leads, to increase brand awareness, to sustain and develop relationships, to enter new markets and to innovate products and business processes

The Mission Comes First: Exploring the Mechanisms of Organizational Sponsorship for the Acceleration of Social Start-Ups

A significant number of incubators and accelerators have emerged to support start-ups aiming to solve societal or environmental problems. However, there is still limited understanding of how these ventures perceive the value proposition of incubators and accelerators – and whether their support needs differ from conventional start-ups. This study uses the framework of organizational sponsorship to explore the acceleration of social start-ups. It is based on in-depth interviews with the founders of 10 start-ups from an impact-oriented incubator in Duisburg, Germany. Through an inductive case study, this research generates three main insights. First, the social-mission focus of these ventures leads to significant differences as compared to commercial ventures. Second, social start-ups profit more from intangible resources such as social capital than from tangible resources such as seed funding. Third, incubators and accelerators need to adapt their offerings to address the needs of social start-ups. This study presents the first systematic assessment of incubator and accelerator services from the perspective of social start-ups. Its main theoretical contribution is to extend the organizational sponsorship framework by proposing a novel support mechanism: impact acceleration. Keywords: Business incubation; start-up accelerators; social entrepreneurship; social start-ups; organizational sponsorship.A significant number of incubators and accelerators have emerged to support start-ups aiming to solve societal or environmental problems. However, there is still limited understanding of how these ventures perceive the value proposition of incubators and accelerators – and whether their support needs differ from conventional start-ups. This study uses the framework of organizational sponsorship to explore the acceleration of social start-ups. It is based on in-depth interviews with the founders of 10 start-ups from an impact-oriented incubator in Duisburg, Germany. Through an inductive case study, this research generates three main insights. First, the social-mission focus of these ventures leads to significant differences as compared to commercial ventures. Second, social start-ups profit more from intangible resources such as social capital than from tangible resources such as seed funding. Third, incubators and accelerators need to adapt their offerings to address the needs of social start-ups. This study presents the first systematic assessment of incubator and accelerator services from the perspective of social start-ups. Its main theoretical contribution is to extend the organizational sponsorship framework by proposing a novel support mechanism: impact acceleration. Keywords: Business incubation; start-up accelerators; social entrepreneurship; social start-ups; organizational sponsorship

Online consumer engagement: understanding the antecedents and outcomes

2012 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Given the adoption rates of social media and specifically social networking sites among consumers and companies alike, practitioners and academics need to understand the role of social media within a company's marketing efforts. Specifically, understanding the consumer behavior process of how consumers perceive features on a company's social media page and how these features may lead to loyalty and ultimately consumers' repurchase intentions is critical to justify marketing efforts to upper management. This study focused on this process by situating online consumer engagement between consumers' perceptions about features on a company's social media page and loyalty and (re)purchase intent. Because online consumer engagement is an emerging construct within the marketing literature, the purpose of this study was not only to test the framework of online consumer engagement but also to explore the concept of online consumer engagement within a marketing context. The study refined the definition of online consumer engagement as an attempt to align the industry and academic definitions of the construct. The social networking site, Facebook, was utilized to test the online consumer engagement framework. Specifically, the study examined whether and how perceived Facebook company page features (i.e., perceived information quality, perceived enjoyment, and perceived interactivity) predicted online consumer engagement, and further investigated whether and how online consumer engagement with companies on Facebook related to loyalty and ultimately (re)purchase intent. First, focus groups were conducted to get a better understanding of the "liking" behavior on Facebook and to refine the survey questionnaire. Next, 233 online surveys were collected from U.S. adult Facebook users who "like" companies on Facebook to test the online consumer engagement framework. Hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling. Findings suggest that perceived Facebook characteristics (i.e., perceived information quality, perceived enjoyment, and perceived interactivity) influence online consumer engagement, which influences loyalty and ultimately (re)purchase intent. Results also revealed that online consumer engagement is a multidimensional construct that encompasses both cognitive/affective and participative dimensions. This study provides the first steps in understanding the role that online consumer engagement plays within a mediated environment that includes both consumers and companies. Implications both academically and for the industry are discussed, and directions for future research endeavors are presented

Becoming a Platform in Europe

Emerging out of the collaborative work conducted within the Working Group “Mechanisms to activate and support the collaborative economy” of the COST Action “From Sharing to Caring: Examining Socio-Technical Aspects of the Collaborative Economy”, the book questions the varied set of organizational forms collected under the label of “collaborative” or “sharing” economy —ranging from grassroots peer-to-peer solidarity initiatives to corporate owned platforms— from the perspective of what is known as the European social values: respect for human dignity and human rights (including those of minorities), freedom, democracy, equality, and the rule of law. Therefore, the edited collection focuses on the governance of such economic activities, and how they organize labour, cooperation and social life. From individual motivations to participating, to platform use by local groups, until platform design in its political as well as technological dimensions, the book provides a comparative overview and critical discussion on the processes, narratives and organizational models at play in the collaborative economy. On such a basis, the volume offers tools, suggestions and visions for the future that may inform the designing of policies, technologies, and business models in Europe

The Dialectics of Cyberspace: Communication Ethics as First Response to Cyber Attacks

This project recognizes the need to re-conceptualize cyberspace according to its characteristic dialectical tensions in order to offer lasting, adequate responses to cyber attacks. Scholars across multiple disciplines recognize the ineffectiveness of perimeter defense strategies, or the raising of defensive walls to protect sensitive information as the primary response to cyber attacks (Denning, 2001; Jang-Jaccard & Nepal, 2014; MacKinnon, Bacon, Gan, Loukas, Chadwick, Frangiskatos, 2013). Thus, this project suggests that in addition to a literacy in coding, corporations and policy makers must attend to what Ronald C. Arnett, Janie Harden Fritz, and Leeanne M. Bell McManus (2009/2018) term “communication ethics literacy” to illuminate the goods at stake in cyber attacks. Communication ethics literacy and its emphasis on learning from difference will encourage an examination of the background issues influencing foreground attacks (Arnett, McManus, & McKendree, 2013). The goods that shape cyberspace manifest in the dialectics of cyberspace. After reviewing historic and philosophic approaches to dialectic, this project employs a dialectical framework derived from the work of both Kenneth Burke (1941; 1945/1969) and David Gunkel (2007); Burke recognizes that dialectical terms do not reach a synthesis but rather remain in tension (Tell, 2004), and Gunkel announces the poststructuralist recognition that after their collision, neither term is the same and must be thought of as wholly and radically other. This project examines the dialectics of public/private, anonymity/identity, and national/global and their corresponding attacks of cyberbullying, cyber theft, and cyber terrorism and cyber war. The project concludes with an examination of the goods of public/private, anonymity/identity, and national/global to announce the importance of the maintenance of each pole of the dialectic while engaging cyberspace. This attentiveness yields implications for the continued application of communication ethicists, philosophers of communication, phenomenologists, and philosophers of technology to position communication ethics as a first response to cyber attacks