217 research outputs found
Moving on from Weiser's Vision of Calm Computing: engaging UbiComp experiences
A motivation behind much UbiComp research has been to make our lives convenient, comfortable and informed, following in the footsteps of Weiser's calm computing vision. Three themes that have dominated are context awareness, ambient intelligence and monitoring/tracking. While these avenues of research have been fruitful their accomplishments do not match up to anything like Weiser's world. This paper discusses why this is so and argues that is time for a change of direction in the field. An alternative agenda is outlined that focuses on engaging rather than calming people. Humans are very resourceful at exploiting their environments and extending their capabilities using existing strategies and tools. I describe how pervasive technologies can be added to the mix, outlining three areas of practice where there is much potential for professionals and laypeople alike to combine, adapt and use them in creative and constructive ways
Technologies to support community-dwelling persons with dementia: a position paper on issues regarding development, usability, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, deployment, and ethics
Background: With the expected increase in the numbers of persons with dementia, providing timely, adequate, and affordable care and support is challenging. Assistive and health technologies may be a valuable contribution in dementia care, but new challenges may emerge.
Objective: The aim of our study was to review the state of the art of technologies for persons with dementia regarding issues on development, usability, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, deployment, and ethics in 3 fields of application of technologies: (1) support with managing everyday life, (2) support with participating in pleasurable and meaningful activities, and (3) support with dementia health and social care provision. The study also aimed to identify gaps in the evidence and challenges for future research.
Methods: Reviews of literature and expert opinions were used in our study. Literature searches were conducted on usability, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and ethics using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases with no time limit. Selection criteria in our selected technology fields were reviews in English for community-dwelling persons with dementia. Regarding deployment issues, searches were done in Health Technology Assessment databases
Results: According to our results, persons with dementia want to be included in the development of technologies; there is little research on the usability of assistive technologies; various benefits are reported but are mainly based on low-quality studies; barriers to deployment of technologies in dementia care were identified, and ethical issues were raised by researchers but often not studied. Many challenges remain such as including the target group more often in development, performing more high-quality studies on usability and effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, creating and having access to high-quality datasets on existing technologies to enable adequate deployment of technologies in dementia care, and ensuring that ethical issues are considered an important topic for researchers to include in their evaluation of assistive technologies.
Conclusions: Based on these findings, various actions are recommended for development, usability, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, deployment, and ethics of assistive and health technologies across Europe. These include avoiding replication of technology development that is unhelpful or ineffective and focusing on how technologies succeed in addressing individual needs of persons with dementia. Furthermore, it is suggested to include these recommendations in national and international calls for funding and assistive technology research programs. Finally, practitioners, policy makers, care insurers, and care providers should work together with technology enterprises and researchers to prepare strategies for the implementation of assistive technologies in different care settings. This may help future generations of persons with dementia to utilize available and affordable technologies and, ultimately, to benefit from them
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Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : 곡과λν μ»΄ν¨ν°κ³΅νλΆ, 2019. 2. μμ§μ±.Collecting and tracking data in everyday contexts is a common practice for both individual self-trackers and researchers. The increase in wearable and mobile technologies for self-tracking encourages people to gain personal insights from the data about themselves. Also, researchers exploit self-tracking to gather data in situ or to foster behavioral change.
Despite a diverse set of available tracking tools, however, it is still challenging to find ones that suit unique tracking needs, preferences, and commitments. Individual self-tracking practices are constrained by the tracking tools' initial design, because it is difficult to modify, extend, or mash up existing tools. Limited tool support also impedes researchers' efforts to conduct in situ data collection studies. Many researchers still build their own study instruments due to the mismatch between their research goals and the capabilities of existing toolkits.
The goal of this dissertation is to design flexible self-tracking technologies that are generative and adaptive to cover diverse tracking contexts, ranging from personal tracking to research contexts. Specifically, this dissertation proposes OmniTrack, a flexible self-tracking approach leveraging a semi-automated tracking concept that combines manual and automated tracking methods to generate an arbitrary tracker design.
OmniTrack was implemented as a mobile app for individuals. The OmniTrack app enables self-trackers to construct their own trackers and customize tracking items to meet their individual needs. A usability study and a field development study were conducted with the goal of assessing how people adopt and adapt OmniTrack to fulfill their needs. The studies revealed that participants actively used OmniTrack to create, revise, and appropriate trackers, ranging from a simple mood tracker to a sophisticated daily activity tracker with multiple fields.
Furthermore, OmniTrack was extended to cover research contexts that enclose manifold personal tracking contexts. As part of the research, this dissertation presents OmniTrack Research Kit, a research platform that allows researchers without programming expertise to configure and conduct in situ data collection studies by deploying the OmniTrack app on participants' smartphones. A case study in deploying the research kit for conducting a diary study demonstrated how OmniTrack Research Kit could support researchers who manage study participants' self-tracking process.
This work makes artifacts contributions to the fields of human-computer interaction and ubiquitous computing, as well as expanding empirical understanding of how flexible self-tracking tools can enhance the practices of individual self-trackers and researchers. Moreover, this dissertation discusses design challenges for flexible self-tracking technologies, opportunities for further improving the proposed systems, and future research agenda for reaching the audiences not covered in this research.μΌμμ λ§₯λ½μμ λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό λͺ¨μΌλ νλμΈ μ
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ν νΈλνΉ κΈ°μ μ λμμΈνλ κ²μ΄λ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ λ³Έκ³ μμλ μ΄λνΈλ(OmniTrack)μ΄λΌλ λμμΈ μ κ·Όλ²μ μ μνλ€. μ΄λνΈλμ μμ λ λμ μ
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Όμνλ€.Abstract
CHAPTER 1. Introduction
1.1 Background and Motivation
1.2 Research Questions and Approaches
1.2.1 Designing a Flexible Self-Tracking Approach Leveraging Semiautomated
Tracking
1.2.2 Design and Evaluation of OmniTrack in Individual Tracking Contexts
1.2.3 Designing a Research Platform for In Situ Data Collection Studies
Leveraging OmniTrack
1.2.4 A Case Study of Conducting an In Situ Data Collection Study
using the Research Platform
1.3 Contributions
1.4 Structure of this Dissertation
CHAPTER 2. Related Work
2.1 Background on Self-Tracking
2.1.1 Self-Tracking in Personal Tracking Contexts
2.1.2 Utilization of Self-Tracking in Other Contexts
2.2 Barriers Caused by Limited Tool Support
2.2.1 Limited Tools and Siloed Data in Personal Tracking
2.2.2 Challenges of the Instrumentation for In Situ Data Collection
2.3 Flexible Self-Tracking Approaches
2.3.1 Appropriation of Generic Tools
2.3.2 Universal Tracking Systems for Individuals
2.3.3 Research Frameworks for In Situ Data Collection
2.4 Grounding Design Approach: Semi-Automated Tracking
2.5 Summary of Related Work
CHAPTER3
DesigningOmniTrack: a Flexible Self-Tracking Approach
3.1 Design Goals and Rationales
3.2 System Design and User Interfaces
3.2.1 Trackers: Enabling Flexible Data Inputs
3.2.2 Services: Integrating External Trackers and Other Services
3.2.3 Triggers: Retrieving Values Automatically
3.2.4 Streamlining Tracking and Lowering the User Burden
3.2.5 Visualization and Feedback
3.3 OmniTrack Use Cases
3.3.1 Tracker 1: Beer Tracker
3.3.2 Tracker 2: SleepTight++
3.3.3 Tracker 3: Comparison of Automated Trackers
3.4 Summary
CHAPTER 4. Understanding HowIndividuals Adopt and Adapt OmniTrack
4.1 Usability Study
4.1.1 Participants
4.1.2 Procedure and Study Setup
4.1.3 Tasks
4.1.4 Results and Discussion
4.1.5 Improvements A_er the Usability Study
4.2 Field Deployment Study
4.2.1 Study Setup
4.2.2 Participants
4.2.3 Data Analysis and Results
4.2.4 Reflections on the Deployment Study
4.3 Discussion
4.3.1 Expanding the Design Space for Self-Tracking
4.3.2 Leveraging Other Building Blocks of Self-Tracking
4.3.3 Sharing Trackers with Other People
4.3.4 Studying with a Broader Audience
4.4 Summary
CHAPTER 5. Extending OmniTrack for Supporting In Situ Data Collection
Studies
5.1 Design Space of Study Instrumentation for In-Situ Data Collection
5.1.1 Experiment-Level Dimensions
5.1.2 Condition-Level Dimensions
5.1.3 Tracker-Level Dimensions
5.1.4 Reminder/Trigger-Level Dimensions
5.1.5 Extending OmniTrack to Cover the Design Space
5.2 Design Goals and Rationales
5.3 System Design and User Interfaces
5.3.1 Experiment Management and Collaboration
5.3.2 Experiment-level Configurations
5.3.3 A Participants Protocol for Joining the Experiment
5.3.4 Implementation
5.4 Replicated Study Examples
5.4.1 Example A: Revisiting the Deployment Study of OmniTrack
5.4.2 Example B: Exploring the Clinical Applicability of a Mobile Food
Logger
5.4.3 Example C: Understanding the Effect of Cues and Positive Reinforcement
on Habit Formation
5.4.4 Example D: Collecting Stress and Activity Data for Building a
Prediction Model
5.5 Discussion
5.5.1 Supporting Multiphase Experimental Design
5.5.2 Serving as Testbeds for Self-Tracking Interventions
5.5.3 Exploiting the Interaction Logs
5.6 Summary
CHAPTER 6. Using the OmniTrack Research Kit: A Case Study
6.1 Study Background and Motivation
6.2 OmniTrack Configuration for Study Instruments
6.3 Participants
6.4 Study Procedure
6.5 Dataset and Analysis
6.6 Study Result
6.6.1 Diary Entries
6.6.2 Aspects of Productivity Evaluation
6.6.3 Productive Activities
6.7 Experimenter Experience of OmniTrack
6.8 Participant Experience of OmniTrack
6.9 Implications
6.9.1 Visualization Support for Progressive, Preliminary Analysis of
Collected Data
6.9.2 Inspection to Prevent Misconfiguration
6.9.3 Providing More Alternative Methods to Capture Data
6.10 Summary
CHAPTER 7. Discussion
7.1 Lessons Learned
7.2 Design Challenges and Implications
7.2.1 Making the Flexibility Learnable
7.2.2 Additive vs. Subtractive Design for Flexibility
7.3 Future Opportunities for Improvement
7.3.1 Utilizing External Information and Contexts
7.3.2 Providing Flexible Visual Feedback
7.4 Expanding Audiences of OmniTrack
7.4.1 Supporting Clinical Contexts
7.4.2 Supporting Self-Experimenters
7.5 Limitations
CHAPTER 8. Conclusion
8.1 Summary of the Approaches
8.2 Summary of Contributions
8.2.1 Artifact Contributions
8.2.2 Empirical Research Contributions
8.3 Future Work
8.3.1 Understanding the Long-term E_ect of OmniTrack
8.3.2 Utilizing External Information and Contexts
8.3.3 Extending the Input Modality to Lower the Capture Burden
8.3.4 Customizable Visual Feedback
8.3.5 Community-Driven Tracker Sharing
8.3.6 Supporting Multiphase Study Design
8.4 Final Remarks
APPENDIX A. Study Material for Evaluations of the OmniTrack App
A.1 Task Instructions for Usability Study
A.2 The SUS (System Usability Scale) Questionnaire
A.3 Screening Questionnaire for Deployment Study
A.4 Exit Interview Guide for Deployment Study
A.5 Deployment Participant Information
APPENDIX B
Study Material for Productivity Diary Study
B.1 Recruitment Screening Questionnaire
B.2 Exit Interview Guide
Abstract (Korean)Docto
Semantics-based selection of everyday concepts in visual lifelogging
Concept-based indexing, based on identifying various semantic concepts appearing in multimedia, is an attractive option for multimedia retrieval and much research tries to bridge the semantic gap between the mediaβs low-level features and high-level semantics. Research into concept-based multimedia retrieval has generally focused on detecting concepts from high quality media such as broadcast TV or movies, but it is not well addressed in other domains like lifelogging where the original data is captured with poorer quality. We argue that in noisy domains such as lifelogging, the management of data needs to include semantic reasoning in order to deduce a set of concepts to represent lifelog content for applications like searching, browsing or summarisation. Using semantic concepts to manage lifelog data relies on the fusion of automatically-detected concepts to provide a better understanding of the lifelog data. In this paper, we investigate the selection of semantic concepts for lifelogging which includes reasoning on semantic networks using a density-based approach. In a series of experiments we compare different semantic reasoning approaches and the experimental evaluations we report on lifelog data show the efficacy of our approach
A Pilot Study for Utilizing Additive Manufacturing and Responsive Rewards in Physical Activity Gamification
Health related issues from being overweight or obese are significant global challenges, and whilst increased activity is known to reduce the health risks associated with these conditions, current wearable and activity tracking devices alone are insufficient to motivate everyone over the long-term necessary to make significant change. This paper explores novel gamified systems as part of a pilot study to leverage additive manufacturing and Internet of Things technologies to increase motivation for physical activity, creating new ways for people to be rewarded in the physical world, and for activity data to be communicated in more abstract and customisable ways. These systems were exhibited and discussed at the 2017 Design 4 Health conference in Melbourne, Australia, and are intended to contribute to research by designers and fitness companies in thinking beyond the digital interface, and in particular to engage young people in the physical world
Sensing and Visualizing Social Context from Spatial Proximity
The concept of pervasive computing, as introduced by Marc Weiser under the name ubiquitous computing in the early 90s, spurred research into various kinds of context-aware systems and applications. There is a wide range of contextual parameters, including location, time, temperature, devices and people in proximity, which have been part of the initial ideas about context-aware computing. While locational context is already a well understood concept, social context---based on the people around us---proves to be harder to grasp and to operationalize. This work continues the line of research into social context, which is based on the proximity and meeting patterns of people in the physical space. It takes this research out of the lab and out of well controlled situations into our urban environments, which are full of ambiguity and opportunities. The key to this research is the tool that caused dramatic change in individual and collective behavior during the last 20 years and which is a manifestation of many of the ideas of the pervasive computing paradigm: the mobile phone. In this work, the mobile is regarded as a proxy for people. Through it, the social environment becomes accessible to digital measurement and processing. To understand the large amount of data that now becomes available to automatic measurement, we will turn to the discipline of social network analysis. It provides powerful methods, that are able to condense data and extract relevant meaning. Visualization helps to understand and interpret the results. This thesis contains a number of experiments, that demonstrate how the automatic measurement of social proximity data through Bluetooth can be used to measure variables of personal behavior, group behavior and the behavior of groups in relation to places. The principal contributions are: * A methodology to visualize personal social context by using an ego proximity network. Specific episodes can be localized and compared. * method to compare different days in terms of social context, e.g. to support automatic diary applications. * A method to compose social geographic maps. Locations of similar social context are detected and combined. * Functions to measure short-term changes in social activity, based on the distinction between strange and familiar devices. * The characterization of Bluetooth inquiries for social proximity sensing. * A dataset of Bluetooth sightings from an ego perspective in seven different settings. Additionally, some settings feature multiple stationary scanners and Cell-ID measurements. * Soft- and hardware to capture, collect, store and analyze Bluetooth proximity data
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