현장 데이터 수집 능력을 확장하기 위한 자유도 높은 셀프 트래킹 기술의 디자인

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 컴퓨터공학부, 2019. 2. 서진욱.Collecting and tracking data in everyday contexts is a common practice for both individual self-trackers and researchers. The increase in wearable and mobile technologies for self-tracking encourages people to gain personal insights from the data about themselves. Also, researchers exploit self-tracking to gather data in situ or to foster behavioral change. Despite a diverse set of available tracking tools, however, it is still challenging to find ones that suit unique tracking needs, preferences, and commitments. Individual self-tracking practices are constrained by the tracking tools' initial design, because it is difficult to modify, extend, or mash up existing tools. Limited tool support also impedes researchers' efforts to conduct in situ data collection studies. Many researchers still build their own study instruments due to the mismatch between their research goals and the capabilities of existing toolkits. The goal of this dissertation is to design flexible self-tracking technologies that are generative and adaptive to cover diverse tracking contexts, ranging from personal tracking to research contexts. Specifically, this dissertation proposes OmniTrack, a flexible self-tracking approach leveraging a semi-automated tracking concept that combines manual and automated tracking methods to generate an arbitrary tracker design. OmniTrack was implemented as a mobile app for individuals. The OmniTrack app enables self-trackers to construct their own trackers and customize tracking items to meet their individual needs. A usability study and a field development study were conducted with the goal of assessing how people adopt and adapt OmniTrack to fulfill their needs. The studies revealed that participants actively used OmniTrack to create, revise, and appropriate trackers, ranging from a simple mood tracker to a sophisticated daily activity tracker with multiple fields. Furthermore, OmniTrack was extended to cover research contexts that enclose manifold personal tracking contexts. As part of the research, this dissertation presents OmniTrack Research Kit, a research platform that allows researchers without programming expertise to configure and conduct in situ data collection studies by deploying the OmniTrack app on participants' smartphones. A case study in deploying the research kit for conducting a diary study demonstrated how OmniTrack Research Kit could support researchers who manage study participants' self-tracking process. This work makes artifacts contributions to the fields of human-computer interaction and ubiquitous computing, as well as expanding empirical understanding of how flexible self-tracking tools can enhance the practices of individual self-trackers and researchers. Moreover, this dissertation discusses design challenges for flexible self-tracking technologies, opportunities for further improving the proposed systems, and future research agenda for reaching the audiences not covered in this research.일상의 맥락에서 데이터를 모으는 활동인 셀프 트래킹(self-tracking)은 개인과 연구의 영역에서 활발히 활용되고 있다. 웨어러블 디바이스와 모바일 기술의 발달로 인해 사람들은 각자의 삶에 대해 말해주는 데이터를 더 쉽게 수집하고, 통찰할 수 있게 되었다. 또한, 연구자들은 현장(in situ) 데이터를 수집하거나 사람들에게 행동 변화를 일으키는 데에 셀프 트래킹을 활용한다. 비록 셀프 트래킹을 위한 다양한 도구들이 존재하지만, 트래킹에 대해 다양화된 요구와 취향을 완벽히 충족하는 것들을 찾는 것은 쉽지 않다. 대부분의 셀프 트래킹 도구는 이미 설계된 부분을 수정하거나 확장하기에 제한적이다. 그렇기 때문에 사람들의 셀프 트래킹에 대한 자유도는 기존 도구들의 디자인 공간에 의해 제약을 받을 수밖에 없다. 마찬가지로, 현장 데이터를 수집하는 연구자들도 이러한 도구의 한계로 인해 여러 문제에 봉착한다. 연구자들이 데이터를 통해 답하고자 하는 연구 질문(research question)은 분야가 발전할수록 세분되고, 치밀해지기 때문에 이를 위해서는 복잡하고 고유한 실험 설계가 필요하다. 하지만 현존하는 연구용 셀프 트래킹 플랫폼들은 이에 부합하는 자유도를 발휘하지 못한다. 이러한 간극으로 인해 많은 연구자들이 각자의 현장 데이터 수집 연구에 필요한 디지털 도구들을 직접 구현하고 있다. 본 연구의 목표는 자유도 높은---연구적 맥락과 개인적 맥락을 아우르는 다양한 상황에 활용할 수 있는---셀프 트래킹 기술을 디자인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본고에서는 옴니트랙(OmniTrack)이라는 디자인 접근법을 제안한다. 옴니트랙은 자유도 높은 셀프 트래킹을 위한 방법론이며, 반자동 트래킹(semi-automated tracking)이라는 컨셉을 바탕으로 수동 방식과 자동 방식의 조합을 통해 임의의 트래커를 표현할 수 있다. 먼저 옴니트랙을 개인을 위한 모바일 앱 형태로 구현하였다. 옴니트랙 앱은 개개인이 자신의 트래킹 니즈에 맞는 트래커를 커스터마이징하여 활용할 수 있도록 구성되어 있다. 본고에서는 사람들이 어떻게 옴니트랙을 자신의 니즈에 맞게 활용하는지 알아보고자 사용성 테스트(usability testing)와 필드 배포 연구(field deployment study)를 수행하였다. 참가자들은 옴니트랙을 활발히 이용해 다양한 디자인의 트래커—아주 단순한 감정 트래커부터 여러 개의 필드를 가진 복잡한 일일 활동 트래커까지—들을 생성하고, 수정하고, 활용하였다. 다음으로, 옴니트랙을 현장 데이터 수집 연구에 활용할 수 있도록 연구 플랫폼 형태의 '옴니트랙 리서치 킷(OmniTrack Research Kit)'으로 확장하였다. 옴니트랙 리서치 킷은 연구자들이 프로그래밍 언어 없이 원하는 실험을 설계하고 옴니트랙 앱을 참가자들의 스마트폰으로 배포할 수 있도록 디자인되었다. 그리고 옴니트랙 리서치 킷을 이용해 일지기록 연구(diary study)를 직접 수행하였고, 이를 통해 옴니트랙 접근법이 어떻게 연구자들의 연구 목적을 이루는 데에 도움을 줄 수 있는지 직접 확인하였다. 본 연구는 휴먼-컴퓨터 인터랙션(Human-Computer Interaction) 및 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅(Ubiquitous Computing) 분야에 기술적 산출물로써 기여하며, 자유도 높은 셀프 트래킹 도구가 어떻게 개인과 연구자들을 도울 수 있는지 실증적인 이해를 증진한다. 또한, 자유도 높은 셀프트래킹 기술에 대한 디자인적 난제, 연구에서 제시한 시스템에 대한 개선방안, 마지막으로 본 연구에서 다루지 못한 다른 집단을 지원하기 위한 향후 연구 논제에 대하여 논의한다.Abstract CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1.1 Background and Motivation 1.2 Research Questions and Approaches 1.2.1 Designing a Flexible Self-Tracking Approach Leveraging Semiautomated Tracking 1.2.2 Design and Evaluation of OmniTrack in Individual Tracking Contexts 1.2.3 Designing a Research Platform for In Situ Data Collection Studies Leveraging OmniTrack 1.2.4 A Case Study of Conducting an In Situ Data Collection Study using the Research Platform 1.3 Contributions 1.4 Structure of this Dissertation CHAPTER 2. Related Work 2.1 Background on Self-Tracking 2.1.1 Self-Tracking in Personal Tracking Contexts 2.1.2 Utilization of Self-Tracking in Other Contexts 2.2 Barriers Caused by Limited Tool Support 2.2.1 Limited Tools and Siloed Data in Personal Tracking 2.2.2 Challenges of the Instrumentation for In Situ Data Collection 2.3 Flexible Self-Tracking Approaches 2.3.1 Appropriation of Generic Tools 2.3.2 Universal Tracking Systems for Individuals 2.3.3 Research Frameworks for In Situ Data Collection 2.4 Grounding Design Approach: Semi-Automated Tracking 2.5 Summary of Related Work CHAPTER3 DesigningOmniTrack: a Flexible Self-Tracking Approach 3.1 Design Goals and Rationales 3.2 System Design and User Interfaces 3.2.1 Trackers: Enabling Flexible Data Inputs 3.2.2 Services: Integrating External Trackers and Other Services 3.2.3 Triggers: Retrieving Values Automatically 3.2.4 Streamlining Tracking and Lowering the User Burden 3.2.5 Visualization and Feedback 3.3 OmniTrack Use Cases 3.3.1 Tracker 1: Beer Tracker 3.3.2 Tracker 2: SleepTight++ 3.3.3 Tracker 3: Comparison of Automated Trackers 3.4 Summary CHAPTER 4. Understanding HowIndividuals Adopt and Adapt OmniTrack 4.1 Usability Study 4.1.1 Participants 4.1.2 Procedure and Study Setup 4.1.3 Tasks 4.1.4 Results and Discussion 4.1.5 Improvements A_er the Usability Study 4.2 Field Deployment Study 4.2.1 Study Setup 4.2.2 Participants 4.2.3 Data Analysis and Results 4.2.4 Reflections on the Deployment Study 4.3 Discussion 4.3.1 Expanding the Design Space for Self-Tracking 4.3.2 Leveraging Other Building Blocks of Self-Tracking 4.3.3 Sharing Trackers with Other People 4.3.4 Studying with a Broader Audience 4.4 Summary CHAPTER 5. Extending OmniTrack for Supporting In Situ Data Collection Studies 5.1 Design Space of Study Instrumentation for In-Situ Data Collection 5.1.1 Experiment-Level Dimensions 5.1.2 Condition-Level Dimensions 5.1.3 Tracker-Level Dimensions 5.1.4 Reminder/Trigger-Level Dimensions 5.1.5 Extending OmniTrack to Cover the Design Space 5.2 Design Goals and Rationales 5.3 System Design and User Interfaces 5.3.1 Experiment Management and Collaboration 5.3.2 Experiment-level Configurations 5.3.3 A Participants Protocol for Joining the Experiment 5.3.4 Implementation 5.4 Replicated Study Examples 5.4.1 Example A: Revisiting the Deployment Study of OmniTrack 5.4.2 Example B: Exploring the Clinical Applicability of a Mobile Food Logger 5.4.3 Example C: Understanding the Effect of Cues and Positive Reinforcement on Habit Formation 5.4.4 Example D: Collecting Stress and Activity Data for Building a Prediction Model 5.5 Discussion 5.5.1 Supporting Multiphase Experimental Design 5.5.2 Serving as Testbeds for Self-Tracking Interventions 5.5.3 Exploiting the Interaction Logs 5.6 Summary CHAPTER 6. Using the OmniTrack Research Kit: A Case Study 6.1 Study Background and Motivation 6.2 OmniTrack Configuration for Study Instruments 6.3 Participants 6.4 Study Procedure 6.5 Dataset and Analysis 6.6 Study Result 6.6.1 Diary Entries 6.6.2 Aspects of Productivity Evaluation 6.6.3 Productive Activities 6.7 Experimenter Experience of OmniTrack 6.8 Participant Experience of OmniTrack 6.9 Implications 6.9.1 Visualization Support for Progressive, Preliminary Analysis of Collected Data 6.9.2 Inspection to Prevent Misconfiguration 6.9.3 Providing More Alternative Methods to Capture Data 6.10 Summary CHAPTER 7. Discussion 7.1 Lessons Learned 7.2 Design Challenges and Implications 7.2.1 Making the Flexibility Learnable 7.2.2 Additive vs. Subtractive Design for Flexibility 7.3 Future Opportunities for Improvement 7.3.1 Utilizing External Information and Contexts 7.3.2 Providing Flexible Visual Feedback 7.4 Expanding Audiences of OmniTrack 7.4.1 Supporting Clinical Contexts 7.4.2 Supporting Self-Experimenters 7.5 Limitations CHAPTER 8. Conclusion 8.1 Summary of the Approaches 8.2 Summary of Contributions 8.2.1 Artifact Contributions 8.2.2 Empirical Research Contributions 8.3 Future Work 8.3.1 Understanding the Long-term E_ect of OmniTrack 8.3.2 Utilizing External Information and Contexts 8.3.3 Extending the Input Modality to Lower the Capture Burden 8.3.4 Customizable Visual Feedback 8.3.5 Community-Driven Tracker Sharing 8.3.6 Supporting Multiphase Study Design 8.4 Final Remarks APPENDIX A. Study Material for Evaluations of the OmniTrack App A.1 Task Instructions for Usability Study A.2 The SUS (System Usability Scale) Questionnaire A.3 Screening Questionnaire for Deployment Study A.4 Exit Interview Guide for Deployment Study A.5 Deployment Participant Information APPENDIX B Study Material for Productivity Diary Study B.1 Recruitment Screening Questionnaire B.2 Exit Interview Guide Abstract (Korean)Docto

A study of pixel variation method for vibration measurement with high speed camera

The main focus of this study is to validate the authenticity of vibration measurement using high speed camera. High speed camera with the capability of immense frame rates opens up the possibility of capturing slight pixel differences in continuous frame. Thus, the vibrations on an object could be captured in units of pixels. Through image tracking processes camera parameters and image pixel coordinates were obtained. Then the frequency analysis from the data was performed based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. Using this technique pure sound waves of 50, 100, and 200 Hz were generated and successfully recovered. After recovering pure sound waves, experiment to recognize multi frequency sound with high speed camera and PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry) algorithm has been conducted. To simulate natural environment conditions simultaneous frequency and frequency sweep were generated. Simultaneous frequency was combination of 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, and 100 Hz frequencies, and frequency sweep was progressing starting from 0 to 2000 Hz. Then the vibration caused by the frequencies were captured by high speed camera, and the measured vibration data were used to reconstruct the original data. To evaluate the authenticity of the experiment human voice were captured instead of using pure sound waves. As a result, high speed camera and PTV algorithm method showed promising results of reconstructing human voice as well. From all the conducted experiments of pure sound frequency, multi-frequency, simultaneous frequency, frequency sweep and human voice tests the integration of high speed camera and PTV algorithm showed promising results of measuring small vibrations caused by sound. Next phase of the experiment is to measure depth information using a single high speed camera and three laser pointers. Depth information is essential when measuring vibrations because it contains 3 dimensional coordinate data. Yet a single high speed camera is not sufficient to retrieve depth information from an image. Thus, lasers are used to support measuring depth of vibration. Three lasers are shot with a triangular formation on to a mirror surface. Then when the mirror is subjected to a external force, such as vibrational force, the triangular laser formation reflected off the mirror will start to deform or drift. The deformation of triangular laser points can be used to derive the depth information of subjected vibration on the mirror. The changing displacement between the three laser points can be calculated using PTV algorithm. Integrating the high speed camera images and laser point deformations can then be used to verify or reveal the vibration on the mirror. Then neural network is applied to enhance the accuracy and speed of measuring vibration. Furthermore, the application of neural network introduces the feasibility of universal vibration measuring technique.제1장 서 론 1 1.1 연구 배경 1 1.2 연구 목적 2 1.3 논문의 구성 4 제2장 진동측정 5 2.1 진동이론 5 2.2 진동측정 8 2.2.1 일반적인 진동측정 방법 및 목적 8 2.2.2 진동의 특징 9 2.3 진동측정에 의한 음원 복원 기존 연구 12 제3장 카메라 영상기반 2차원 미세진동 측정 14 3.1 PIV, PTV 원리 14 3.2 PIV, PTV 기반 진동 해석 알고리듬 21 3.3 2차원 미세진동 기반 음원 가시화 23 3.3.1 시각적 음원 복원의 장점 23 3.3.2 음원 복원 방법 24 3.3.2.1 단주파수 복원 25 3.3.2.2 다주파수 복원 29 3.3.3 음성 복원 실험 및 결과 35 제4장 카메라 영상기반 3차원 미세진동 측정 47 4.1 뉴럴 네트워크 47 4.1.1 개요 47 4.1.2 신경망 알고리듬 47 4.2 알고리듬 검증 50 4.2.1 퍼셉트론 50 4.2.2 XOR연산 54 4.2.3 영상기반 뉴럴 네트워크 57 4.3 레이저 반사법에 의한 3차원 미세진동 측정 58 4.3.1 실험장치 및 방법 58 4.3.2 실험결과 64 4.4 알고리듬 추가검증 79 4.4.1 학습방식 79 4.4.2 결과 80 제5장 결론 84 참 고 문 헌 8

Epidemiologic Survey of Head and Neck Cancers in Korea

Head and neck cancers have never been systematically studied for clinical purposes yet in Korea. This epidemiological survey on head and neck cancer patients was undertaken from January to December 2001 in 79 otorhinolaryngology resident-training hospitals nationwide. The number of head and neck cancer patients was 1,063 cases in the year. The largest proportion of cases arose in the larynx, as many as 488 cases, which accounted for 45.9%. It was followed by, in order of frequency, oral cavity (16.5%), oropharynx (10.0%), and hypopharynx (9.5%). The male:female ratio was 5:1, and the mean age was 60.3 yr. Surgery was the predominant treatment modality in head and neck cancers: 204 (21.5%) cases were treated with only surgery, 198 (20.8%) cases were treated with surgery and radiotherapy, 207 cases (21.8%) were treated with combined therapy of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Larynx and hypopharynx cancers had a stronger relationship with smoking and alcohol drinking than other primary site cancers. Of them, 21 cases were found to be metastasized at the time of diagnosis into the lung, gastrointestinal tract, bone, or brain. Coexisting second primary malignancies were found in 23 cases. At the time of diagnosis, a total of 354 cases had cervical lymph node metastasis accounting for 42.0%.ope

A Study on Prevention Maintenance of Container Terminal Equipments for Increasing Terminal Productivity

수출입의 교량 역할을 담당하는 항만에서 수출입 물동량을 처리하는 항만시설 미흡이 문제가 되고 있으며 이러한 점 때문에 고부가가치를 창출할 수 없을 뿐 아니라 총생산대비 물류비의 비율이 미국과 일본에 비해 매우 높고 물류 환경이 열악한 것이 현실이다. 따라서 항만의 경쟁력 강화를 위해 컨테이너 터미널의 자동화를 목적으로 활발하게 연구가 진행되고 있으며 국책사업으로 신항, 마산항, 광양항 3단계 공사가 진행되고 있다. 또한 항만에 설치된 하역장비의 효율성을 높이기 위해 제어시스템에도 많은 연구개발이 이루어져 최신 하역장비가 도입되고 있다. 하역장비는 컨테이너 터미널에서 화물을 빠른 시간 내에 양화와 적화, 반출과 반입, 야드 내에서 짧은 시간에 원하는 위치로 이송하는 운반기기를 말한다. 컨테이너 터미널의 생산성은 터미널내 하역장비 가동률, 즉 고장률에 크게 의존되고 있음을 알 수 있으며 복잡한 하역장비의 구조 및 화물 중량의 변화 특성에 따라 다양하게 고장이 발생 한다. 이러한 하역장비의 고장은 기계적 피로도 누적, 전동기 수명단축, 제어시스템 손상, 와이어로프 수명단축, 하역작업자의 안전성 위협과 같은 문제를 항상 내포하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 컨테이너 터미널 생산성 향상을 위해 하역장비의 특성에 맞는 철저한 예방보전을 실시하여 하역작업중에 발생하는 고장을 방지하고 사고를 미연에 방지함으로써 하역생산성을 높이는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 그리고 고장을 미리 예지함으로써 고장발생을 최소화하여 컨테이너 터미널의 생산성 제고와 하역장비의 신뢰성을 높이고 궁극적으로 컨테이너 터미널의 전체 생산성을 높임으로써 대외 신인도를 높이는데 기여하고자 한다. 항만하역장비의 가동에 따른 신뢰성은 컨테이너 터미널에서 생산성 제고와 경쟁력 강화에 중요한 변수로 작용하고 있으며 하역장비의 고장은 작업중단을 의미하기 때문에 계획된 생산성에 차질이 생기는 것은 당연한 결과이다. 생산성 저하는 해당 운영사에도 많은 어려움을 가져다주지만 선박의 체선&#8228체화로 연결되므로 항만과 국가물류경쟁력강화에 큰 손실을 가져다준다. 보전형태는 보전요원의 접근성, 보전시간, 운영효율성을 설계시점부터 적용해야하고 장치의 신뢰성이 검증된 부품을 사용하여 최적의 보전주기설정에 함수를 근거로 하여 신뢰도와 고장률 함수에 의한 최적의 보전주기를 설정 하여야 한다. 일반적으로 항만의 생산성 평가모형을 시설, 인력, 선석으로 구분하였으나 평가모형에 같은 선석이라도 선박의 크기와 하역작업량, 하역장비의 댓수와 인력의 투입이 다르게 나타나므로 본 연구에서는 생산성 평가모형에 선박당 생산성 평가를 달리하였다. 컨테이너 터미널의 운영자료를 근거로 선석접안율, 총선석생산성, 순선석생산성, 총장비생산성, 순장비생산성을 분석하였다. 또한 민감도 분석을 통하여 민감도와 고장률 관계로부터 작업중단 비율이 높게 나타나는 갠트리 크레인 고장이 민감도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 생산성의 평가모형에 하역장비 고장에 대한 부분을 포함하였으며, 하역장비의 가동중 고장을 최소로 한다면 하역작업중단 비율을 줄일 수 있는 것을 확인하였다. 현재 컨테이너 터미널에서 하역장비 부품들의 교체와 보전주기를 설정한 모니터링이 되어 있다고는 하지만, 이런 모니터링은 제작사의 권고 사항에 맞춰서 프로그램되어 있기 때문에 실제 프로그램에 맞게 교체와 보전이 이루어지기는 현실적으로 어려운 부분들이 많다. 그리고 컨테이너 터미널 내부환경과 주위여건이 주로 선박의 체 항만장비의 운영시 인간공학적인 측면이 적절히 고려되어야 한다. 운전자의 영역인 운전실의 안락한 배치, 보전요원이 작업효율을 높일 수 있는 설계 등 많은 부분에 이르기까지 하역장비는 발전을 할 것이다. 하역장비의 시스템이 발전되어 가는 것과 발 맞추어 고도의 신뢰성이 확보되어야 하며 이를 위해서는 고장보전에도 전문가의 진단과 수리가 요구된다.제 1 장 서론 1 1.1 연구배경 및 목적 1 1.2 연구내용과 구성 3 제 2 장 하역장비 보전 및 점검 6 2.1 개요 7 2.2 갠트리 크레인 7 2.2.1 갠트리 크레인의 보전 12 2.2.2 갠트리 크레인의 점검 17 2.3 트랜스퍼 크레인 23 2.3.1 트랜스퍼 크레인의 보전 28 2.3.2 트랜스퍼 크레인의 점검 29 2.4 야드 트랙터 31 2.4.1 야드 트랙터의 보전 31 2.4.2 야드 트랙터의 점검 33 2.5 기타 하역장비 34 2.6 고찰 및 요약 37 제 3 장 하역장비의 고장 39 3.1 하역장비의 사고사례 39 3.1.1 기계분야고장에 의한 사고 39 3.1.2 전기분야고장에 의한 사고 40 3.2 하역장비의 보전관리 44 3.2.1 예방보전 46 3.2.2 사후보전 53 3.3 고장분석 54 3.3.1 고장률과 고장확률밀도함수 54 3.3.2 욕조곡선 59 3.4 보전성 65 3.4.1 평균수명과 평균고장 65 3.4.2 하역장비의 보전성 69 3.4.3 하역장비의 가동성 71 3.5 하역장비의 고장 분석 73 3.5.1 갠트리 크레인의 고장 73 3.5.2 트랜스퍼 크레인의 고장 82 3.5.3 야드 트랙터의 고장 87 3.5.4 하역장비의 고장 분석결과 88 3.6 고찰 및 요약 89 제 4 장 하역장비의 고장률 및 생산성 91 4.1 컨테이너 터미널의 생산성 모형 91 4.1.1 생산성 평가경향 91 4.1.2 생산성 측정모형 94 4.2 컨테이너 터미널의 생산성 분석 97 4.2.1 생산성 민감도 97 4.2.2 생산성 분석 98 4.2.3 1개 선박당 생산성 분석 99 4.3 고찰 및 요약 101 제 5 장 하역장비 예방보전에 의한 컨테이너 터미널의 생산성 향상 102 5.1 예방보전주기 개선에 의한 방법 102 5.1.1 예방보전 주기 102 5.1.2 예방보전 주기설정 104 5.2 예지보전에 의한 방법 105 5.2.1 상태공간기법에 의한 예지보전 106 5.2.2 고장예지 시뮬레이션 112 5.2.3 생산성 비교 결과 123 5.3 고찰 및 요약 124 제 6 장 결론 126 참고문헌 12

Performance evaluation of Volume PTV based on Affine transformation and measurement the wake of a circular cylinder

The paper discusses about the performances of the constructed affine transformation based tomographic PTV algorithm. Before commencing the performance tests on the tomographic PTV, the performance tests were carried out for the artificial images of which data were numerically generated for the two-dimensional Taylor-Green Vortex. The two-dimensional vector fields were calculated for these artificial images by changing several factors such as, particle maximum movement(PM), particle neighbors(PN), particle number of density and particle diameter. For the tests of the two-dimensional cases, two-dimensional affine transformation was used. Three-dimensional vector fields were also calculated by using the artificial images of a three-dimensional ring vortex, in which three-dimensional affine transformation was used. For the reconstruction of the artificial particles, the MART(multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique) was used for the tests the tomographic PTV algorithm. The three-dimensional distribution of the particles and their locations were reconstructed by the use of this MART method. After confirming the performances, the constructed algorithm was tested for the wake flows of a circular cylinder(Reynolds number = 630), through which the flow features obtained by the conventional tomographic PIV and by the constructed tomographic PTV were compared, and eventually the performances of the constructed algorithm was evaluated qualitatively.Abstract 1 제1장 서 론 3 1.1 연구배경 및 목적 3 1.2 연구목적 및 구성 5 제2장 Volume PTV 와 Tomo PIV의 이론적 배경 6 2.1 PIV 및 PTV 6 2.2 3차원 계측방법 및 원리 7 2.3 Affine 변환 기반 Volume PTV 9 2.3.1 Affine 변환 9 2.3.2 확률일치법 12 2.3.3 Deformation PIV와 Affine PTV의 성능비교 14 2.3.4 Volume PTV 26 2.4 Tomographical Reconstruction Method (ART & MART method) 28 제3장 Volume PTV의 구축 및 성능평가 32 3.1 가상영상 입자생성 32 3.2 가상영상 유동장 32 3.3 계산결과 34 3.4 결론 및 고찰 46 제4장 Volume PTV를 이용한 실린더 후류 계측 47 4.1 실험장치 및 실험방법 47 4.2 실험결과 49 제5장 결론 및 고찰 54 참고문헌 5

Laryngeal Neurophysiology

ope

A Case of Actinomycosis of the Neck

Actinomycosis of cerivcofacial region is an uncommon disease and presents as an abscess or chronic lesion mimicking malignancy, tuberculosis, or fungal lesion. Actinomycosis is difficult to diagnose because of fastidious nature of the organism in culture and general lack of familiarity with the disease. So, a high index of suspicion is required to make an accurate and timely diagnosis. We present a case of male patient with actinomycosis of submandibular triangle complaining of neck mass.ope

An Efficient Workflow Management Scheme with Explicit Business Rules

In this paper, we have identified and classified various workflow operational rules. There are many business rules involved in the operation of workflow systems within the enterprise business environments. The rules are defined as ECA (Event-Condition- Action) rules and integrated with workflow systems with the active DB technology. Operational rules are categorized into task dispatching rules, dynamic process adaptation rules, exception handling rules, event-based monitoring rules, and external domain business rules. By adopting rule-based approach, the modification of business rules for process management can be easier. With the explicit management of business rules, the reasoning process of organizations can be formalized and managed transparently, which enables rapid and clear decision-making

Histology and Stroboscopic Findings after Injection of ArtecollⓇ and RestylaneⓇ into Paralyzed Canine Vocal Fold：in vivo Canine Study

Background and Objectives：The aims of this study are to introduce Artecoll and Restaylane, that have been available for facial augmentation, as new materials for injection laryngoplasty, to investigate the mucosal wave of true vocal folds after the injection of these two materials into the true vocal fold, and to assess its biocompatibility and durability. Subjects and Method：After complete paralysisof the right recurrent laryngeal nerve of 6 Beagle dogs, the dogs were divided into the Artecoll injection group and the Restylane injection group, and Artecoll or Restylane was injected into vocalis muscle and vocal ligament. The recurrent laryngeal nerve of the opposite side was stimulated, the posterior commissure was sutured, and the mucosal wave of true vocal folds was examined by stroboscopy in in vivo canine study 1, 3, and 6 months after the injection. And, histopathological change of the injected materials after total laryngectomy wasexamined by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and masson trichrome staining. Results：In both the Artecoll injection and the Restylane injection groups, the mucosal wave of true vocal folds was detected by stroboscopic examination until 6 months after the injection, and the difference of the mucosal wave of true vocal folds between these two groups was difficult to detect. Histological studies revealed that the injected materials remained in the vocal ligament and vocalis muscle and theses two materials were resorbed with time, Artecoll showing less resorption. These two materials were biocompatible and, particularly, Restylane showed less foreign body reaction. Conclusion：Since both Artecoll and Restylane are biocompatible and durable, they areconsidered as the suitable material for injection larygoplasty, and additional long-term studies are required.ope

Retrograde Analysis of Complications of Jejunal Free Flap after Total Pharyngo-Laryngo-Cervical Esophagectomy in Advanced Hypopharyngeal Cancer Treatment

Hypophayngeal cancers are usually diagnosed in advanced stages and in many cases, they need total pharyngocervical esophagectomy and surgical reconstruction. Among many surgical reconstructive methods, jejunal free flap has anatomical and functional advantages such as tubed nature, peristaltic activity, excellent blood supply. In this study we analysed the surgical procedure and complications of jejunal free flap after total pharyngo-cervical esophagectomy. 20 cases performed jejunal free flap from 1995 to 2007 at Severance Hospital were reviewed. According to time of onset, early and late complications were reviewed. Surgical procedure was reviewed with operation record. Oral diet tolerance was reviewed on the basis of pharyngogram and subjective symptoms. The most common complication was stricture, and it occurred in 40% of cases and 63% of them were managed with conservative care. As early complication, fistula formation was all managed with conservative care. Oral feeding tolerance after jejunal free flap was 65% and 7 patients were tolerable to general diet. In our study, stricture was the most common complication and its management is important in post op oral diet tolerance.ope