IP and ATM - a position paper

This paper gives a technical overview of different networking technologies, such as the Internet, ATM. It describes different approaches of how to run IP on top of an ATM network, and assesses their potential to be used as an integrated services network

A Study on Techniques for Handling Transmission Error of IPV6 Packets over Fmer Optic Links

Problem identification of the existing error control mechanism is very important to find out a new suitable design to solve the problem of ineffective error control.The identification results become main basic of designing a new mechanism.Hence, the design obtained truly solves the problem accurately

IP and ATM - current evolution for integrated services

Current and future applications make use of different technologies as voice, data, and video. Consequently network technologies need to support them. For many years, the ATM based Broadband-ISDN has generally been regarded as the ultimate networking technology, which can integrate voice, data, and video services. With the recent tremendous growth of the Internet and the reluctant deployment of public ATM networks, the future development of ATM seems to be less clear than it used to be. In the past IP provided (and was though to provide) only best effort services, thus, despite its world wide diffution, was not considered as a network solution for multimedia application. Currently many of the IETF working groups work on areas related to integrated services, and IP is also proposing itself as networking technology for supporting voice, data, and video services. This paper give a technical overview on the competing integrated services network solutions, such as IP, ATM and the different available and emerging technologies on how to run IP over ATM, and tries to identify their potential and shortcomings

Forwarding Techniques for IP Fragmented Packets in a Real 6LoWPAN Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are attracting more and more interest since they offer a low-cost solution to the problem of providing a means to deploy large sensor networks in a number of application domains. We believe that a crucial aspect to facilitate WSN diffusion is to make them interoperable with external IP networks. This can be achieved by using the 6LoWPAN protocol stack. 6LoWPAN enables the transmission of IPv6 packets over WSNs based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. IPv6 packet size is considerably larger than that of IEEE 802.15.4 data frame. To overcome this problem, 6LoWPAN introduces an adaptation layer between the network and data link layers, allowing IPv6 packets to be adapted to the lower layer constraints. This adaptation layer provides fragmentation and header compression of IP packets. Furthermore, it also can be involved in routing decisions. Depending on which layer is responsible for routing decisions, 6LoWPAN divides routing in two categories: mesh under if the layer concerned is the adaptation layer and route over if it is the network layer. In this paper we analyze different routing solutions (route over, mesh under and enhanced route over) focusing on how they forward fragments. We evaluate their performance in terms of latency and energy consumption when transmitting IP fragmented packets. All the tests have been performed in a real 6LoWPAN implementation. After consideration of the main problems in forwarding of mesh frames in WSN, we propose and analyze a new alternative scheme based on mesh under, which we call controlled mesh under

A Survey on Handover Management in Mobility Architectures

This work presents a comprehensive and structured taxonomy of available techniques for managing the handover process in mobility architectures. Representative works from the existing literature have been divided into appropriate categories, based on their ability to support horizontal handovers, vertical handovers and multihoming. We describe approaches designed to work on the current Internet (i.e. IPv4-based networks), as well as those that have been devised for the "future" Internet (e.g. IPv6-based networks and extensions). Quantitative measures and qualitative indicators are also presented and used to evaluate and compare the examined approaches. This critical review provides some valuable guidelines and suggestions for designing and developing mobility architectures, including some practical expedients (e.g. those required in the current Internet environment), aimed to cope with the presence of NAT/firewalls and to provide support to legacy systems and several communication protocols working at the application layer

Implementation and Evaluation of the Enhanced Header Compression (IPHC) according to 6LoWPAN Network

6LoWPAN defines how to carry Ipv6 packet over IEEE 802.15.4 low power wireless or sensor networks. Limited bandwidth, memory and energy resources require a careful application of Ipv6 in a LoWPAN network. The aim is to develop personal networks, mainly sensor based, that can be integrated to the existing wellknow network infrastructure by reusing mature and wideused technologies. IPv6 has been chosen as network protocol because its characteristics fit to the problematic that characterize LoWPAN environment such as the large number of nodes to address and stateless address autoconfiguration. However, an IPv6 header compression algorithm is necessary in order to reduce the overhead and save space in data payload. In fact, the IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines an MTU of 128 bytes that decrease to 102 bytes considering the frame overhead, a further reduction is due to the network and transport protocols frame overhead that, in case of Ipv6 and UDP, allow to carry only 33 bytes for application data. The aim of this work is to describe and compares the proposed Ipv6 header compression mechanisms for 6LoWPAN environments

Performance comparison of transmitting jumbo frame on Windows and Linux System

IPv6 is the successor of IPv4, the current Internet Protocol that runs out its address. It offers some improvements including simpler header format and extension header resulting in faster transmission of IP packets. However, IPv6 is a network layer protocol that requires lower layer services. IP packets from the network layer pass to data link layer to be encapsulated by layer 2 headers and trailer to become frames. Ethernet is the most widely used data link layer protocol in the current network devices. The technology is always improved to support high speed transmission. However, from standard Ethernet until ten gigabit Ethernet, the size of MTU remains unchanged at 1500 Bytes. This prevents the network from gaining an optimum performance on transmitting IP packets and operating systems cannot take full advantage of the high-speed performance of Gigabit Ethernet. This research aims to implement the transmission of IPv6 packets using jumbo frame on a test-bed environment. The implementation can be used to justify the impact of jumbo frame on the network as well as operating systems performance. The results prove that the OS used on implementation of jumbo frame affects on the network performance. The highest percentage of increasing throughput is 33.6% when both sender and receiver are running Windows. The decreasing delay by 54.36% was happened when using Linux in sender and Windows in receiver

Efficient and scalable IPv6 communication functions for wireless outdour lighting networks

Outdoor lighting today is becoming increasingly network-connected. The rapid development in wireless communication technologies makes this progress faster and competitive. Philips Research and Philips Lighting are part of the leading forces in exploration and development of a wide spectrum of low-maintenance, high-quality outdoor/indoor lighting systems that are state of the art. City Touch is a proprietary outdoor lighting connectivity system of Philips Lighting, which is based on a client-server architecture. In an outdoor lighting context, an embedded computer (Node) is installed on a light pole and is connected to different sensors to provide connectivity for the luminaires. Thus, connectivity of luminaires generally refers to the computer network of Nodes. In this report, I present a survey of mechanisms, protocols and technologies that are needed for bootstrapping of wireless Nodes to an IPv6 based personal area network (PAN). The survey indicates that there is no single off-the-shelf product or standard that meets all the requirements of Philips research for its future solution. Hence, I designed a thorough bootstrapping protocol that is custom tailored to Philips 's POLAR architecture. The design brings a solution from pre-deployment configuration to the point where a new Node successfully becomes a part of a wireless network. The design is partially demonstrated with two software implementations. Finally I provide recommendations for future work based on my research

Implementation and evaluation of Multi-hop routing in 6LoWPAN

6LoWPAN enables the transmission of IPv6 packets over LoWPAN networks. In order to make it possible, 6LoWPAN introduces an adaptation layer between network and link layers. This layer allows IPv6 packets to be adapted to the lower layers constraints. It provides fragmentation and reassembling of packets and header compression. It also can be involved in routing decisions. Depending on which layer is responsible of routing decisions 6LoWPAN divides routing in two categories: mesh under if the interested layer is the adaptation layer, route over if it is the network one. In this paper we compare the two routing solutions evaluating their performances in terms of end-to-end delay and round-trip time. All the performance evaluation has been realized in a real implementation of 6LoWPAN.Postprint (published version