774 research outputs found
Extended RDF: Computability and Complexity Issues
ERDF stable model semantics is a recently proposed semantics for
ERDF ontologies and a faithful extension of RDFS semantics on RDF graphs.
In this paper, we elaborate on the computability and complexity issues of the
ERDF stable model semantics. Based on the undecidability result of ERDF
stable model semantics, decidability under this semantics cannot be achieved,
unless ERDF ontologies of restricted syntax are considered. Therefore, we
propose a slightly modified semantics for ERDF ontologies, called ERDF #n-
stable model semantics. We show that entailment under this semantics is, in
general, decidable and also extends RDFS entailment. Equivalence statements
between the two semantics are provided. Additionally, we provide algorithms
that compute the ERDF #n-stable models of syntax-restricted and general
ERDF ontologies. Further, we provide complexity results for the ERDF #nstable
model semantics on syntax-restricted and general ERDF ontologies.
Finally, we provide complexity results for the ERDF stable model semantics
on syntax-restricted ERDF ontologies
Mapping the Americanization of English in Space and Time
As global political preeminence gradually shifted from the United Kingdom to
the United States, so did the capacity to culturally influence the rest of the
world. In this work, we analyze how the world-wide varieties of written English
are evolving. We study both the spatial and temporal variations of vocabulary
and spelling of English using a large corpus of geolocated tweets and the
Google Books datasets corresponding to books published in the US and the UK.
The advantage of our approach is that we can address both standard written
language (Google Books) and the more colloquial forms of microblogging messages
(Twitter). We find that American English is the dominant form of English
outside the UK and that its influence is felt even within the UK borders.
Finally, we analyze how this trend has evolved over time and the impact that
some cultural events have had in shaping it.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Published versio
Extended RDF as a Semantic Foundation of Rule Markup Languages
Ontologies and automated reasoning are the building blocks of the Semantic
Web initiative. Derivation rules can be included in an ontology to define
derived concepts, based on base concepts. For example, rules allow to define
the extension of a class or property, based on a complex relation between the
extensions of the same or other classes and properties. On the other hand, the
inclusion of negative information both in the form of negation-as-failure and
explicit negative information is also needed to enable various forms of
reasoning. In this paper, we extend RDF graphs with weak and strong negation,
as well as derivation rules. The ERDF stable model semantics of the extended
framework (Extended RDF) is defined, extending RDF(S) semantics. A distinctive
feature of our theory, which is based on Partial Logic, is that both truth and
falsity extensions of properties and classes are considered, allowing for truth
value gaps. Our framework supports both closed-world and open-world reasoning
through the explicit representation of the particular closed-world assumptions
and the ERDF ontological categories of total properties and total classes
Guidance on Stimulus Materials
PACHELBEL WP4 âStimulus Materialsâ uses findings from WP3 (Policy Assumptions) and from additional sources to prepare stimulus materials for the group-based process âSTAVEâ implemented in WP5. The output was material to inform and stimulate the group-based process. The material was of two types: a set of questionnaires common to all partners (EVOC/CAPA/SIMI questionnaires), and material that is issue-specific and individually produced for each country.
EVOC/CAPA/SIMI short questionnaires serve as a comparative tool between countries, giving insight on the social construction of âsustainable consumptionâ across the PACHELBEL population. Partners asked participants to fill out the set individually at the first meeting of the STAVE group, results were then analyzed and data were fed back for discussion by group participants at their second meeting. A âre-testâ was then conducted at the third of three group meetings. The present report details the representations revealed through this methodology â but moreover the impact of applying such a technique in STAVE groups in France, Germany, Romania, Spain, Sweden and the UK (where the methodology was slightly altered).
The issue-and-country-specific material consists of an informative simulated newspaper article on the particular issue addressed in a given STAVE process, and/or other materials (for example, humorous drawings). The report details how this material was developed, and the experience of applying these stimulus materials in each country. On this basis, guidance for future STAVE processes is offered.
Foremost among observations is that PACHELBEL stimulus materials serve a purpose that is distinct from that of âgroup exercisesâ as developed in WP5. The materials contributing to the formation of a group identity, a reflexive group norm, and a shared information basis. As such, stimulus materials prepare the group for a cooperative investigative process
Introduction to the special issue on cross-language algorithms and applications
With the increasingly global nature of our everyday interactions, the need for multilingual technologies to support efficient and efective information access and communication cannot be overemphasized. Computational modeling of language has been the focus of
Natural Language Processing, a subdiscipline of Artificial Intelligence. One of the current challenges for this discipline is to design methodologies and algorithms that are cross-language in order to create multilingual technologies rapidly. The goal of this JAIR special
issue on Cross-Language Algorithms and Applications (CLAA) is to present leading research in this area, with emphasis on developing unifying themes that could lead to the development of the science of multi- and cross-lingualism. In this introduction, we provide the reader with the motivation for this special issue and summarize the contributions of the papers that have been included. The selected papers cover a broad range of cross-lingual technologies including machine translation, domain and language adaptation for sentiment
analysis, cross-language lexical resources, dependency parsing, information retrieval and knowledge representation. We anticipate that this special issue will serve as an invaluable resource for researchers interested in topics of cross-lingual natural language processing.Postprint (published version
Strategic policy advice: group-based processes as a tool to support policymaking
This deliverable is about the group discussions (STAVE trials) that have been carried out in the partner countries of project PACHELBEL on various substantive policy issues in the field of sustainability. It focuses on the methods that have been used to interact with lay citizens in the STAVE groups, and on the feedback that has been provided to policy makers on findings from the groups. Building upon these elaborations, conclusions will be drawn as to STAVE as a policy tool. Furthermore, this deliverable provides key features of STAVE groups on a country-by-country basis
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European spatial governance - towards a sectoralisation of spatial planning?
European spatial governance underwent substantial changes over the last two decades with the expansion of European territorial cooperation programmes, the introduction of new instruments for cooperation and an increasing role financial and regulatory framework in sector policies. Against this background the argues that todayâs European spatial governance has become more diversified and fragmented with an increasing role for sector policies, and that the cumulative effect of these diverse activities on domestic planning processes is under researched. The paper summarises the legal recognition of spatial planning and categorises European spatial governance as being composed of spatial policies, financial instruments and governance frameworks. The paper then presents three explorative case studies: the Common Transport policy as one EU sector policy, a cross border cooperation supported by the European Regional Development and macro-regional cooperation. The paper concludes that European spatial governance increasing regulatory impact on domestic spatial planning goes far beyond the pure Europeanisation of narratives and agendas or âways of doing thingsâ. Further the paper illustrates that European spatial governance is characterised by a process of sectoralisation, supported by the EUs regional policy and the provision of governance tools. The paper calls for further investigation of the interrelatedness of these processes and their reciprocal influences on planning practices. The value lies in recognising the incremental changes that have come alongside European integration, and highlighting the importance of these processes for domestic planning processes. The paper highlights the hidden process of sectoralisation that leads to increasing planning competences at the European level.The author thanks the British Academy and the Royal Society for the British Academy Newton International Fellowship, which made parts of this research possible
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Mashup Personal Learning Environments
Wild, F., Kalz, M., & Palmér, M. (Eds.) (2008). Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Mashup Personal Learning Environments (MUPPLE08). September, 17, 2008, Maastricht, The Netherlands: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, ISSN 1613-0073. Available at http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-388.The work on this publication has been sponsored by the TENCompetence Integrated Project (funded by the European Commission's 6th Framework Programme, priority IST/Technology Enhanced Learning. Contract 027087 [http://www.tencompetence.org]) and partly sponsored by the LTfLL project (funded by the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme, priority ISCT. Contract 212578 [http://www.ltfll-project.org
Lecturersâ Training Needs in EMI Programmes: Beyond Language Competence
This paper reports the results of an analysis of English as a Medium Instruction (EMI) lecturersâ training needs at a Spanish state university. In order to carry out this analysis, participants were asked to complete a quantitative questionnaire and participate in a survey with open questions adapted from PĂ©rez-Cañado 2020). Both analysis tools explored the lecturersâ needs in relation to specific areas: linguistic competence, methodology, materials and resources, continuing professional development training and their overall rating of the EMI programme. The results show that, on the one hand, EMI teachers feel that their linguistic competence is sufficient to conduct classes in English. On the other hand, participants seem less confident as far as their methodological competence is concerned and call for more specific ongoing training. These findings are mostly in consonance with the results of other studies carried out in similar contexts (Dafouz 2018; Macaro et al. 2019; PĂ©rez-Cañado 2020; Coelho in preparation) but they also provide some new insights which should be taken into consideration in the design of specific training programmes for lecturers involved in EMI in Higher Education.This research was supported by grants IB18055 (research project: Diseño de entornos virtuales de aprendizaje colaborativo para la enseñanza integrada de contenidos y lenguas extranjeras (AICLE) en la EducaciĂłn Superior adaptados a la Universidad de Extremadura - ICLUEx) and GR18134 from the Government of Extremadura (European Regional Development Fund â ERDF)
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