225,550 research outputs found
CONSTITUTIONALSM - REFORM ON DATA PROTECTION LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS
The purpose of this paper is to address one of the most Fundamental Freedom and Human Rights the protection of privacy, particularly under the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights as interpreted by the Strasbourg institutions and by national courts. Article 8 of the Convention provides in its first paragraph that everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. This paper is focused to one of the central issues of the problem of âhuman rights and scientific and technological developmentsâ i.e., the protection of the privacy. This paper is intended to achieve to explain the legal measures and the state efforts to regulate and to protect the privacy. It tries to interpret the Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and to present the major reasons for the movement towards comprehensive privacy and data protection laws.This paper seeks to arrive at conclusions that the problem is continuing even with the adoption of legal and other protections measurements, violations of privacy remain a concern. In many countries, laws have not kept up with the technology, leaving significant gaps in protections. In other countries, law enforcement and intelligence agencies have been given significant exemptions. Finally, in the absence of adequate oversight and enforcement, the mere presence of a law may not provide adequate protection.human rights, privacy, data protection, threat, technological developments.
Changing the paradigm of disability from stigma to equity in university social work education in Kyrgyzstan
The main aim of this paper is to tease out the historical and deeply rooted ethical standards, spirituality, and social values that have long supported the social service system in Kyrgyzstan, which, today, faces pressure to align with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The data are based on an intervention conducted as part of the European UnionâSocial Protection Systems programme in Kyrgyzstan between 2017 and 2018 where 30 university lecturers were part of. Interviews both to the Kyrgyz trainers with disabilities and to the trainees of the university lecturers as well as followâup survey conducted in 2019 form important part of data for this paper. We first investigate the conventional ethical standards, spiritual explanations, and social values related to disabilities within the Kyrgyz social protection system and social services. We elaborate on the Kyrgyz context of the societal ethics, spirituality, and values around disability in the Kyrgyz university education for social workers. Second, we analyse the transformation of the perception of disability among the university lecturers. We conclude this paper with a discussion on the negotiation between a charityâbased approach that reinforces the stigmatization of disability and a human rightsâbased approach that promotes paradigm change, to contribute to global discourse of social change towards disability inclusion.Peer reviewe
Further improvement of the implementation of the Aarhus convention in Malta : a review
Chapter 2Th e Twinning project MT/06/IB/EN/01 âFurther Institution Building in the
Environment Sectorâ aimed at supporting the Maltese Government in improving
the implementation of the Aarhus Convention on public access to environmental
information, public participation in environmental decision making and access to justice
in environmental matters.
Th e project was carried out by MEPA as Benefi ciary Institution and the Austrian
Environment Agency as Lead Member State Partner. Th e project duration was 15 months
as from 16th April 2008. Th e project was co-funded by the European Union and the
Maltese Government under the 2006 Transition Facility Programme for Malta.
Th e project consisted of four components:
âą Component 1: Assessment of the current situation and development of
recommendations,
âą Component 2: Implementation of recommendations,
âą Component 3: Development of guidance documents,
âą Component 4: Training and awareness-raising.
In Component 1, the legal instruments and institutional arrangements in place for the
implementation of the Aarhus Convention in Malta were assessed, and recommendations
were drawn up on how to improve the existing situation with regard to public access to
environmental information, public participation in environmental decision-making and
access to justice in environmental matters.
In Component 2, the recommendations were discussed with a wide range of
stakeholders, and consequently applied in the practice, establishing an effi cient and
eff ective administrative system to implement the Aarhus Convention. Amongst other measures, its implementation formulated a series of agreements between the benefi ciary
and key holders of environmental information in Malta, with the aim of securing
the availability, timeliness and quality of environmental data, supported by effi cient
information management systems.
In Component 3, guidelines were produced addressing the public authorities, the
industry and the general public in Malta.
Component 4 provided training for public offi cers and awareness-raising for key
stakeholders and the general public.
The most relevant project results are summarised in this chapter, as achieved under each
Component.peer-reviewe
The Area of Freedom, Security and Justice ten years on: Successes and future challenges under the Stockholm Programme. CEPS Paperbacks. June 2010
This book celebrates the tenth anniversary of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) by bringing together the views of key practitioners and policy-makers who have played an outstanding role in thinking about and shaping EU policies on freedom, security and justice.
Ten years ago, the member states transferred competences to the EU for law and policy-making in the fields of immigration, asylum and border controls, and began the transfer process for criminal justice and policing. This decade of European cooperation on AFSJ policies has experienced very dynamic convergence, the enactment of a large body of European law and the setting-up of numerous EU agencies working in these domains. Such dynamism in policy-making has not been without challenges and vulnerabilities, however. As this collective volume shows, the main dilemmas that lie ahead relate to an effective (while more plural) institutional framework under the Treaty of Lisbon, stronger judicial scrutiny through a greater role for national courts and the Court of Justice in Luxembourg, better mechanisms for evaluating and monitoring the implementation of EU AFSJ law and a more solid fundamental rights strategy. The contributions in this volume address the progress achieved so far in these policy areas, identify the challenges for future European cooperation in the AFSJ and put forward possible paths for making more progress in the next generation of the EUâs AFSJ
Cultural heritage and sustainable development targets : a possible harmonisation? Insights from the European Perspective
The Agenda 2030 includes a set of targets that need to be achieved by 2030. Although none
of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focuses exclusively on cultural heritage, the
resulting Agenda includes explicit reference to heritage in SDG 11.4 and indirect reference to other
Goals. Achievement of international targets shall happen at local and national level, and therefore,
it is crucial to understand how interventions on local heritage are monitored nationally, therefore
feeding into the sustainable development framework. This paper is focused on gauging the
implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals with reference to cultural heritage, by
interrogating the current way of classifying it (and consequently monitoring). In fact, there is no
common dataset associated with monitoring SDGs, and the field of heritage is extremely complex
and diversified. The purpose for the paper is to understand if the taxonomy used by different
national databases allows consistency in the classification and valuing of the different assets
categories. The European case study has been chosen as field of investigation, in order to pilot a
methodology that can be expanded in further research. A crossâcomparison of a selected sample of
publicly accessible national cultural heritage databases has been conducted. As a result, this study
confirms the existence of general harmonisation of data towards the achievement of the SDGs with
a broad agreement of the conceptualisation of cultural heritage with international frameworks, thus
confirming that consistency exists in the classification and valuing of the different assets categories.
However, diverse challenges of achieving a consistent and coherent approach to integrating culture
in sustainability remains problematic. The findings allow concluding that it could be possible to
mainstream across different databases those indicators, which could lead to depicting the overall
level of attainment of the Agenda 2030 targets on heritage. However, more research is needed in
developing a robust correlation between national datasets and international targets
Towards an ecological network for the Carpathians
The Carpathian Biodiversity Information System (CBIS) and the proposal for an ecological network for the eastern part of the Carpathians are the two main outcomes of the project funded by the BBI Matra program of the Dutch government. This brochure presents information on how the CBIS was designed, and how the data stored can be retrieved and used. It also clarifies how the CBIS data were used to design the ecological network and, last but not least, it offers recommendations for the use of the proposed ecological network in supporting sustainable developmentin the Carpathians. Due to funding restrictions, the project focused on three east Carpathian countries: Romania, Serbia and Ukraine, which together host the largest area of the Carpathians (Fig. 2). Geographically, the Eastern Carpathians also include parts of the Carpathians located in Poland and Slovakia. Data collection in the Western Carpathians (Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary) will be completed by 2010 and is funded by a parallel project
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