41,517 research outputs found
Extruder for food product (otak–otak) with heater and roll cutter
Food extrusion is a form of extrusion used in food industries. It is a process by which a set of mixed ingredients are forced through an opening in a perforated plate or die with a design specific to the food, and is then cut to a specified size by blades [1]. Summary of the invention principal objects of the present invention are to provide a machine capable of continuously producing food products having an’ extruded filler material of meat or similarity and an extruded outer covering of a moldable food product, such as otak-otak, that completely envelopes the filler material
PID control system analysis, design, and technology
Designing and tuning a proportional-integral-derivative
(PID) controller appears to be conceptually intuitive, but can
be hard in practice, if multiple (and often conflicting) objectives
such as short transient and high stability are to be achieved.
Usually, initial designs obtained by all means need to be adjusted
repeatedly through computer simulations until the closed-loop
system performs or compromises as desired. This stimulates
the development of "intelligent" tools that can assist engineers
to achieve the best overall PID control for the entire operating
envelope. This development has further led to the incorporation
of some advanced tuning algorithms into PID hardware modules.
Corresponding to these developments, this paper presents a
modern overview of functionalities and tuning methods in patents,
software packages and commercial hardware modules. It is seen
that many PID variants have been developed in order to improve
transient performance, but standardising and modularising PID
control are desired, although challenging. The inclusion of system
identification and "intelligent" techniques in software based PID
systems helps automate the entire design and tuning process to
a useful degree. This should also assist future development of
"plug-and-play" PID controllers that are widely applicable and
can be set up easily and operate optimally for enhanced productivity,
improved quality and reduced maintenance requirements
A survey on fractional order control techniques for unmanned aerial and ground vehicles
In recent years, numerous applications of science and engineering for modeling and control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) systems based on fractional calculus have been realized. The extra fractional order derivative terms allow to optimizing the performance of the systems. The review presented in this paper focuses on the control problems of the UAVs and UGVs that have been addressed by the fractional order techniques over the last decade
Control of posture with FES systems
One of the major obstacles in restoration of functional FES supported standing in paraplegia is the lack of knowledge of a suitable control strategy. The main issue is how to integrate the purposeful actions of the non-paralysed upper body when interacting with the environment while standing, and the actions of the artificial FES control system supporting the paralyzed lower extremities. In this paper we provide a review of our approach to solving this question, which focuses on three inter-related areas: investigations of the basic mechanisms of functional postural responses in neurologically intact subjects; re-training of the residual sensory-motor activities of the upper body in paralyzed individuals; and development of closed-loop FES control systems for support of the paralyzed joints
Development of a MATLAB/Simulink - Arduino environment for experimental practices in control engineering teaching
This project presents the steps followed when implementing a platform based on MATLAB/Simulink and Arduino for the restoration of digital control practices. During this project, an Arduino shield has being designed. Along with this, a web page has also been created where all the material done during all this project is available and can be freely used. So anyone interested on doing a project can have a starting point instead of starting a project from scratch, which most of times this results hard to implement. Taking all this into account, the document is structured in the following manner. The first chapter talks about the hardware used and designed. The second one explains the software used and the configurations done on the laboratory’s PCs. After that, the web page Duino-Based Learning is explained, where you can find the five projects carried out in the "Control Automàtic" subject with their corresponding results. In this section too, as an additional research, the implemented indirect adaptive control will be explained, where the parameter estimation has been done by the Recursive Least Square algorithm. The last four sections before presenting the conclusions of the work, correspond to a satisfaction questionnaire done to the teachers that have used the setup, the costs and saves of the project, the environmental impact and the planning of the project respectively
A time delay controller for magnetic bearings
The control of systems with unknown dynamics and unpredictable disturbances has raised some challenging problems. This is particularly important when high system performance needs to be guaranteed at all times. Recently, the Time Delay Control has been suggested as an alternative control scheme. The proposed control system does not require an explicit plant model nor does it depend on the estimation of specific plant parameters. Rather, it combines adaptation with past observations to directly estimate the effect of the plant dynamics. A control law is formulated for a class of dynamic systems and a sufficient condition is presented for control systems stability. The derivation is based on the bounded input-bounded output stability approach using L sub infinity function norms. The control scheme is implemented on a five degrees of freedom high speed and high precision magnetic bearing. The control performance is evaluated using step responses, frequency responses, and disturbance rejection properties. The experimental data show an excellent control performance despite the system complexity
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