Revising Geology Labs to Explicitly Use the Scientific Method

This article points out that many content- or skill-based labs can be revised to explicitly involve the scientific method by asking students to propose hypotheses before making observations. Labs in which this method has been successfully applied include skill-building labs such as topographic map labs, content-based labs involving experiments with models, and field labs. Because these labs force students to state their expectations before making observations, they allow students to test their own models for various processes, making the students feel more engaged in the observations. This type of exercise reinforces other discussions of the scientific method, and gives students a better understanding of how scientists think. It provides models for applying the scientific method that students can consider when they try to design tests for open-ended research questions in this or other courses. Educational levels: Graduate or professional

Students' Scientific Attitude in Science Learning Using Discovery Learning-Based Environmental Pollution Digital Book

The composition of the contents of the digital book is adjusted to the syntax of the discovery learning model. The results of the study were to determine the effect on students' scientific attitudes in learning science. The research method is Quasi-Experimental Design using The Posttest-only control group design. The subjects of this study were students of class VII MTs. Maarif Ambulu. Data collection methods are observation methods and questionnaire methods. Data analysis of the scientific attitude observation method used a t-test, student scientific attitude questionnaire method and scientific performance observation method used descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the t-test analysis, it is known that there is an influence on students' scientific attitudes in learning science by using discovery learning based on environmental pollution digital books. Based on the results, the average value of the experimental class was 80.50 with very good criteria and the control class was 69.67 with good criteri

The Analysis of Students Scientific Reasoning Ability in Solving the Modified Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (MLCTSR) Problems by Applying the Levels of Inquiry

This study aims to determine the students' achievement in answering modified lawson classroom test of scientific reasoning (MLCTSR) questions in overall science teaching and by every aspect of scientific reasoning abilities. There are six aspects related to the scientific reasoning abilities that were measured; they are conservatorial reasoning, proportional reasoning, controlling variables, combinatorial reasoning, probabilistic reasoning, correlational reasoning. The research is also conducted to see the development of scientific reasoning by using levels of inquiry models. The students reasoning ability was measured using the Modified Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (MLCTSR). MLCTSR is a test developed based on the test of scientific reasoning of Lawson's Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR) in 2000 which amounted to 12 multiple-choice questions. The research method chosen in this study is descriptive quantitative research methods. The research design used is One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population of this study is the entire junior high students class VII the academic year 2014/2015 in one junior high school in Bandung. The samples in this study are one of class VII, which is class VII C. The sampling method used in this research is purposive sampling. The results showed that there is an increase in quantitative scientific reasoning although its value is not big

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA BERBASIS SCIENTIFIC METHOD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HOTS DAN MENGEMBANGKAN SIKAP SOSIAL PADA MATERI STRUKTUR BUMI DAN BENCANA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengembangkan bahan ajar IPA berbasis scientific method yang layak berdasarkan aspek kelayakan isi, bahasa dan gambar, penyajian, dan kegrafisan; (2) mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi peserta didik setelah pembelajaran menggunakan bahan ajar IPA berbasis scientific method, (3) mengetahui perkembangan sikap sosial peserta didik selama pembelajaran menggunakan bahan ajar IPA berbasis scientific method. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&D dengan menggunakan desain penelitian 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate). Pada tahap define dilakukan kegiatan analisis awal, analisis peserta didik, analisis tugas, analisis konsep dan perumusan tujuan pembelajaran. Pada tahap design dilakukan kegiatan penyusunan instrumen, pemilihan media, pemilihan format dan pembuatan rancangan awal produk. Tahap develop meliputi kegiatan peninjauan oleh dosen pembimbing, penilaian produk oleh validator, dan uji coba produk. Selanjutnya tahap disseminate meliputi kegiatan penyebarluasan bahan ajar pada guru IPA SMP 7 Yogyakarta. Subyek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas VII D SMP N 7 Yogyakarta. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar penilaian bahan ajar, lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis scientific method, soal tes berupa pretest dan post-test, dan lembar observasi sikap sosial peserta didik. Kegiatan validasi menghasilkan data kuantitatif berupa skor yang dianalisis dengan konversi skala 5 dan data kualitatif berupa saran dari validator. Pada kegiatan uji coba diperoleh data keterlaksanaan pembelajaran melalui kegiatan observasi, data peningkatan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi melalui kegiatan pretest sebelum pembelajaran dan kegiatan post-test setelah pembelajaran yang kemudian dianalisis dengan gain skor, serta data perkembangan sikap sosial melalui kegiatan observasi yang dianalisis dalam bentuk persentase. Penelitian ini menghasilkan: (1) bahan ajar IPA berbasis scientific method yang layak berdasarkan aspek kelayakan isi, bahasa dan gambar, penyajian, dan kegrafisan; (2) peningkatan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS) peserta didik setelah pembelajaran menggunakan bahan ajar IPA berbasis scientific method berada pada kategori sedang; (3) perkembangan sikap sosial peserta didik selama pembelajaran menggunakan bahan ajar IPA berbasis scientific method adalah dari kategori cukup ke sangat baik. Kata Kunci : Bahan Ajar, HOTS, Scientific Method, Sikap Sosial This research aims to: (1) develop science teaching materials based on scientific method which viable based on feasibility of the content, language and image, presentation, and graphic; (2) determine the improvement of high order thinking skills of learners after learning using science teaching materials based on scientific method, (3) determine the development of the social attitudes of learners during learning using science teaching materials based on scientific method. This research is the R & D research using 4D design (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate). In the define stage, conducted activities preliminary analysis, analysis of learners, task analysis, concept analysis and formulation of learning objectives. In the design stage, is done drafting instruments, media selection, format selection and the drafting of the initial product. Develop stage activities include review by the supervisor, product assessment by the validator, and product trials. The next stage includes the dissemination is disseminate teaching materials developed to the teachers of SMP N 7 Yogyakarta. Subjects were the students of class VII D SMP N 7 Yogyakarta. Instruments used in the form of teaching materials evaluation sheets, observation sheet of learning based on scientific method, test items such as pretest and post-test, and observation sheet of social attitudes learners. Validation activities generate quantitative data in the form of scores was analyzed with 5-scale conversion and qualitative data in the form of advice from the validator. In the activity test data obtained enforceability of learning through observation, the data increased high order thinking through a pretest before the lesson learning and post-test after learning process analyzed with a gain scores, and data about development of social attitudes through observation are analyzed in terms of percentage. The reseacrh produced: (1) science teaching materials based on scientific method is viable based on feasibility of the content, language and image, presentation, and graphic with very good category (A). (2) the improvement of high order thinking skills of learner after learning using science teaching materials based on scientific method is ib the medium catagory; (3) development of social attitudes of learners during learning using science teaching materials based on scientific method is of fairly to very good category

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VOCATIONAL-BASED TEACHING MATERIALS FOR SCIENTIFIC WRITING TO IMPROVE ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS OF POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS

This study aims at yielding teaching materials for vocational-based scientific paperwriting that can improve academic writing skills as a focus in Indonesian Languagecourses for Polytechnic students. Particularly, it is aimed at describing the results of (1)evaluation (product test) which consists of expert tests and field tests, and (2) producteffectiveness test. The research method used was a modification of the R2R2development model (recursive, reflective, design, and development and RDR(research, development, research) which resulted in the following stages: a preliminarystudy, selection of design, design development, and product effectiveness test. Reviewgained from the experts and practitioners demonstrated that the teaching material forwriting a scientific paper is in accordance with the characteristics of polytechnicstudents because it emphasizes practical activities. The teaching materials have specialfeatures in terms of presentation. The teaching materials have fulfilled their graphicfeasibility so that their readability is stated very well. The t-test analysis shows that theteaching materials for vocational-based scientific paper writing are effective toimprove the students’ academic writing skills

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR DI MASA PANDEMI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BERORIENTASI KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS

This study aims to describe the improvement of student learning outcomes by using scientific skill process on student worksheet. The research design uses in this study was One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. This research is test to student on IX class at JHS 3 Tuban with total 32 students in one class. The data collection method uses in this research is the test method. The knowledge test is pretest to determine the initial ability of student and posttest to determine the final ability of student after being given treatment. The skill test is in the form of integrated scientific skill process in terms of 7 aspects. The learning outcomes of knowledge are classified as medium N-Gain, namely 0,36. The learning outcomes of knowledge are obtained by 24 students who experinced an increase in learning outcomes, 5 students did not change learning outcomes, and 3 students experinced a decrease in learning outcomes. Learning outcomes of integrated scientific skill process show better result than learning outcomes of knowledge. Learning outcomes of integrated scientific skill process, namely 85,04 are included in the very good criteria. This is due to the enthusiasm and motivation of student when participating in practical learning. The conclusion of this study is scientific skill process on student worksheet is able to improve learning outcomes in the knowledge dimension and learning outcomes in the dimensions of integrated scientific skill process

PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DENGAN METODE SCIENTIFIC DEBATE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA : Studi Eksperimen pada Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 11 Bandung pada Materi Ketenagakerjaan

The background of this research is the lack of students’ critical thinking skills of class XI IIS SMAN 11 Bandung. It is shown from the results of the pre-research test. The aim of this study was to know the effect of application of problem based learning with scientific debate methods on students’ critical thinking skills. The method used in this study is quasi-experimental method using pretest-posttest control group design. Data collected by a written test. Data analysis techniques with statistical parametric are covering different tests average (paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test) and the gain scores by using SPSS application versi17.0. The results showed that the differences increase students' critical thinking skills class experiments using Problem Based Learning with Scientific Debate method is higher than the control classes using lecture method varies (lectures, discussions and question and answer). The use of problem based learning model with Debate Scientific can improve critical thinking skills more effective than the lecture method varies. Keywords: Problem Based Learning Models, Methods Scientific Debate, critical thinking skills. ABSTRAK Ibang Gumilang Adiwijaya (2015). “Pengaruh Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Dengan Metode Scientific Debate terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa (Studi Eksperimen pada Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 11 Bandung pada Materi Ketenagakerjaan)” dibawah bimbingan Dr. Dadang Dahlan, M.Pd. Latar belakang dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas XI IIS di SMA Negeri 11 Bandung. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil uji soal pra penelitian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model problem based learning dengan metode scientific debate terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes tertulis. Teknik Analisis data dengan statistik parametrik yang meliputi uji beda rata-rata (paired samples t-test dan independent samples t-test), dan gain score dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 17.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas eksperimen dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning dengan metode Scientific Debate lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan metode ceramah bervariasi (ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab). Penggunaan model Problem Based Learning dengan metode Scientific Debate lebih efektif dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dibandingkan dengan metode ceramah bervariasi. Kata kunci : Model Problem Based Learning, Metode Scientific Debate, kemampuan berpikir kriti

The nutritional and toxicological value of organic vegetables : consumer perception versus scientific evidence

Purpose - The present study aims to explore and compare consumer perception and scientific evidence related to food quality and food safety aspects of organic versus conventional vegetables. Design/methodology/approach - Primary data on consumer perception were gathered in 2006-2007 through a consumer survey with Flemish adults (n = 529) and compared with scientific evidence from literature. Consumers of organic and conventional vegetables were selected by means of a convenience sampling procedure. Subjects were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire concerning the perception of the nutritional and toxicological value of organic relative to conventional vegetables. Data processing and analysis included descriptive analysis (frequency distributions), data reduction (Cronbach's alpha test, factor analysis), bivariate analysis (correlations, t-test, ANOVA) and multivariate analysis (stepwise multiple regression). Findings - It was found that organic vegetables are perceived as containing less contaminants and more nutrients, and as such, being healthier and safer compared to conventional vegetables. However, not enough evidence is currently available in the literature to support or refute such a perception, indicating a certain mismatch between consumer perception and scientific evidence. The gap between perception and evidence is larger among older consumers with children. The perception is stronger when the consumption frequency is higher, but is independent of gender, place of residence (rural or urban), education and income level. Also non-users, on average, perceive that organic vegetables have a nutritional and toxicological advantage over conventional vegetables. Research limitations/implications - A non-probability convenience sampling method was applied which limits generalisation of the findings beyond the sample characteristics. Originality/value - This paper is original in comparing consumer perception and scientific facts related to both nutritional and safety aspects of organic versus conventional vegetables

ESAC Opinion on the BASF-coordinated Performance Standards-based validation of the LuSens test method for skin sensitisation testing

ESAC, the EURL ECVAM Scientific Advisory Committee, advises EURL ECVAM on scientific issues. Its main role is to conduct independent peer review of validation studies of alternative test methods and to assess their scientific validity for a given purpose. The committee reviews the appropriateness of study design and management, the quality of results obtained and the plausibility of the conclusions drawn. ESAC peer reviews are formally initiated with a EURL ECVAM Request for ESAC Advice, which provides the necessary background for the peer-review and establishes its objectives, timelines and the questions to be addressed. The peer review is normally prepared by specialised ESAC Working Groups. These are typically composed of ESAC members and other external experts relevant to the test method under review. These experts may be nominated by ESAC, EURL ECVAM and partner organisations within the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods (ICATM). ESAC ultimately decides on the composition of these Working Groups. ESAC's advice to EURL ECVAM is formally provided as 'ESAC Opinions' and 'Working Group Reports' at the end of the peer review. ESAC may also issue Opinions on other scientific issues of relevance to the work and mission of EURL ECVAM but not directly related to a specific alternative test method. The ESAC Opinion expressed in this report relates to the peer-review of the BASF-coordinated Performance Standards-based validation of the LuSens test method for skin sensitisation testing.JRC.F.3-Chemicals Safety and Alternative Method

Development of E-Book Based Instructional Design PjBL Model Integrated Science Literacy To Improve Critical Thinking Abilit

The aim of the research is to develop e-books based on PjBL model instructional design integrated with scientific literacy to improve students' critical thinking skills. To find out the feasibility validation test of e-books based on the instructional design of the PjBL model integrated with scientific literacy. To find out the E-book Effectiveness test on Critical Thinking Ability. The method to be used in this research is to use the research and development (R&D) method. The research stages are determining the material, preliminary research, analysis, design creation, material creation, initial product development, valid, feasibility test, valid, practicality test. The research data is in the form of feasibility test data by validators and the effectiveness of E-books. In critical thinking skills, the research results show that the feasibility test obtained from validation by material experts and biology teachers is reviewed based on presentation, content and language components obtained an average value of due diligence of 92.50% which is in the category very feasible to use. Meanwhile, the results of the N-gain test on the level of students' thinking abilities after using this e-book obtained a score of 0.80% in the good category in improving critical thinking abilitie