Education for development policy and management: impacts on individual and organizational capacity-building

This research investigates the impact of postgraduate programmes in Development Policy and Management (DPAM) on individual students and on the organizations in which they work. Such programmes have the potential to enhance the capacities of individuals working in a range of organizations directed to poverty reduction, development and wealth creation, from development NGOs to commercial enterprises. The study focused on four programmes in DPAM, three in Southern Africa and one in the UK with a global reach. Three were distance learning programmes and one was block release. All the programmes were informed by an interactive approach and a reflective practitioner philosophy in which course content informs practice and students’ experience is brought to bear on their understandings and use of course content. The study used a survey of students and their line managers (or colleagues who knew their work well), and case studies of students and organizations known to have built capacity and/or brought about changes as a result of students being on a programme. The purpose of the case studies was not simply to corroborate or deepen the survey evidence, but to investigate how capacity-building and change comes about

Approaches to networked learning : an investigation into the nature of autonomous student interaction with web-based educational environments.

A Networked Learning Environment is an autonomously accessible web resource that combines hypertext course materials, online communication channels, multimedia and other interactive features. Constructivist learning theory makes many claims about the potential of such environments, and the educational ‘affordances’ inherent within them. Yet what we understand about the ways in which students learn online, and whether this is conducive to realising the potential benefits on offer, is somewhat limited. Research into learning style differences and attitudes towards online studying provides a partial insight. However, by using tools designed for assessing how students undertake learning in traditional contexts, and through having been predominantly quantitative, much of the research to date can only highlight the relevance of such factors. Consequently, many questions regarding the how and why of networked learning behaviour remain largely unanswered, and there is a growing consensus that an understanding that is informed by the subjective perspectives of learners is required. This thesis describes a primarily qualitative investigation that shared this concern. The main research element involved a phenomenographic study that focused on the perceptions, behaviours and experiences of students who interacted with NLEs that were the sole or primary means of course delivery in three undergraduate, campus- based contexts. Two case studies and a naturalistic experiment were conducted, and the phenomenographic study was supplemented with other data relating to assignment grades, online discussion contributions, and preferences for conventional studying. The phenomenographic analysis identified three distinct types of approach to networked learning that can be seen as increasingly effective in terms of networked learning interactions and outcomes. Based on the findings of the phenomenography, and other aspects of the research, the thesis argues that while many students will experience to some extent the affordances inherent within NLEs, there is an important distinction between students recognising the benefits of networked learning, and actually undertaking this in a way that is conducive to good knowledge development. This thesis concludes by presenting a theoretical framework that conceptualises the relationship between a range of individual and contextual factors that influence networked learning, and which has a number of implications for theory and practice

A review of literature on the use of clickers in the business and management discipline

YesClassroom response systems (clickers), in their various forms, are widely used across disciplines, demonstrating effectiveness across a range of different educational settings. However, only a few literature reviews on this technology have been undertaken in general, and no review has yet been performed on this topic in the business and management context. Realising the existing research gap, this article reviews 33 clicker-related studies from the business and management discipline that are largely focused on student perceptions and outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical and balanced review of articles from the business and management discipline on various themes such as learner's engagement, performance, learning, participation, satisfaction, feedback, attendance, enjoyability, motivation, and interactivity, to name a few. The review also provides a brief account of lessons learned from the literature published in other disciplines and recommendations provided by studies from the business and management discipline

Analyzing Impact of Aesthetic Visual Design on Usability of E-Learning: An Emerging Economy Perspective

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to examine various dimensions of aesthetic visual design and their role in predicting usability in e-learning in higher education institutions of northern India. Using quantitative means of data collection, this research identified, ways and means to make learning content effectively usable, that is, attractive, interesting, motivating, and engaging for the learners. Method: A survey questionnaire was developed through focused group discussions with field experts. Data were collected through online as well as offline modes. A Google form was created and its weblink was shared with the students pursuing degree courses in various state universities in northern India. Several visits and revisits were also undertaken to various universities to approach the respondents Results: Results confirmed consistency, typography, graphics, grid, and layout as factors responsible for predicting usability of e-learning. Surprisingly, color and compositional guidelines emerged insignificant. Implications: The study has implications for teaching and learning activities that promote effective learning. The findings are beneficial for course-design faculty who develop modules by considering visual design elements that can facilitate interaction with and understanding of content by students learning in an online modality

Digital storytelling for non-background learners of Chinese : a case study of a primary school in Australia

With the proliferation of technology, digital storytelling has become a popular strategy used in the second language learning classroom. Despite its widely cited benefits, digital storytelling is not common in the context of teaching and learning Chinese as a foreign language. Adopting a case study methodology, this study aimed to examine the affordances and challenges of using digital storytelling to teach Chinese to non-background learners in an Australian primary school where Chinese language lessons were incorporated into its school curriculum. It also aimed to explore the scaffolding strategies needed to make Chinese learnable when non-background learners created digital stories to develop Chinese language skills. The study involved 32 Year 6 students (aged 11 to 12), and it employed a qualitative approach to analyse the data collected over a school term, which consisted of field notes from participant observations, transcripts of focus group discussion, and students’ artefacts. I argue that digital storytelling was beneficial to the non-background learners, primarily in the retention of Chinese vocabulary and engaging them in the language learning process. Nevertheless, two key challenges were evident when digital storytelling was used to teach Chinese to the non-background learners. There was an overemphasis on technical aspects of the creating of digital stories given the limited ICT competency of the learners. Additionally, the linguistic characteristics of Chinese language created high levels of difficulty for the nonbackground learners to create digital stories entirely in Chinese. Given the challenges in adopting digital storytelling, appropriate scaffolding strategies were judiciously and reflectively developed to enable the non-background learners to use Chinese to create digital stories. The study showed that appropriate levels of scaffolds had to be progressively introduced; social scaffolding was the dominant type of scaffold that was viable, which included timely encouragement and prompting, sequential modelling and imitation, distancing, direction, and concurrent modelling and imitation. The findings of the study contribute to an understanding of how digital storytelling can be an innovative strategy for the teaching and learning of Chinese as a foreign language. It shows that teaching Chinese to non-background learners does not necessarily have to adopt the traditional approach of using rote learning. The research presented is one of the pioneering studies that experiment with technology to promote a more student-centred approach when teaching Chinese to non-background learners in Australia

Introductory programming: a systematic literature review

As computing becomes a mainstream discipline embedded in the school curriculum and acts as an enabler for an increasing range of academic disciplines in higher education, the literature on introductory programming is growing. Although there have been several reviews that focus on specific aspects of introductory programming, there has been no broad overview of the literature exploring recent trends across the breadth of introductory programming. This paper is the report of an ITiCSE working group that conducted a systematic review in order to gain an overview of the introductory programming literature. Partitioning the literature into papers addressing the student, teaching, the curriculum, and assessment, we explore trends, highlight advances in knowledge over the past 15 years, and indicate possible directions for future research

Reuse and Repurposing of Online Digital Learning Resources within UK Higher Education: 2003-2010

This research set out to examine developments in reuse and repurposing of online digital resources within higher education (HE) in the United Kingdom (UK) over a period (2003-2010), when the emphasis of educational resource reuse and repurposing activity shifted from reusable learning objects (RLO) to open educational resources (OER). It aims to contribute to understanding of this transition, and locates this shift within a broader picture of UK HE activity within the UK, and a wider understanding of reuse of learning resources in digital, online form. The research presents a review and critical examination of the environment in which reuse practice occurred. It does this through macroenvironmental, mesoenvironmental and microenvironmental level reviews. The microenvionmental review is presented through research analysis of five case examples from UK HE and a sixth example from HE in Ireland. The mesoenvironmental review examines the significant changes in resource facilitation and practice during the research period. This thesis is particularly concerned with identifying and understanding how reuse of digital online learning resources was facilitated in practice, and whether reuse occurred, or occurred in the form(s) anticipated. The thesis identifies and examines themes and factors which appeared to have influenced, or had potential to influence, reuse in each case. Cross-case comparison offers a synthesis of the research observations. Finally, a structured approach to classifying factors is suggested based on this research. This leads to generalisable recommendations of how to facilitate digital online resource reuse in the future

Collaborative Output Processing in Web-based English Language Learning Scenarios

This thesis focuses on proving the potential of web-based collaborative output processing for the development of communication with a focus on form in second language learning. A comparison between teachers’ and learners’ perception of current and ideal second language learning and teaching practices with modern Second Language Acquisition views suggests cross-cultural collaborative writing experiences in the wiki space can be highly meaningful, in particular when integrated in blended language learning scenarios, because they facilitate authentication, collaboration and autonomy. Case study evidence is provided in favour of the potential of peer review helped by a meta-space that facilitates languaging and pushes output, and consequently higher-level critical thinking mirrored in successful revisions and concrete learning outcomes

Two-Language, Two-Paradigm Introductory Computing Curriculum Model and its Implementation

This paper analyzes difficulties with the introduction of object-oriented concepts in introductory computing education and then proposes a two-language, two-paradigm curriculum model that alleviates such difficulties. Our two-language, two-paradigm curriculum model begins with teaching imperative programming using Python programming language, continues with teaching object-oriented computing using Java, and concludes with teaching object-oriented data structures with Java