Active database behaviour: the REFLEX approach

Modern day and new generation applications have more demanding requirements than traditional database management systems (DBMS) are able to support. Two of these requirements, timely responses to the change of database state and application domain knowledge stored within the database, are embodied within active database technology. Currently, there are a number of research prototype active database systems throughout the world. In order for an organisation to use any such prototype system, it may have to forsake existing products and resources and embark on substantial reinvestment in the new database products and associated resources and retraining costs. This approach would clearly be unfavourable as it is expensive both in terms of time and money. A more suitable approach would be to allow active behaviour to be added onto their existing systems. This scenario is addressed within this research. It investigates how best active behaviour can be augmented to existing DBMSs, so as to preserve the investments in an organisation's resources, by examining the following issues, (i.) what form the knowledge model should take, (ii.) should rules and events be modelled as first class objects, (iii.) how will the triggering events be specified, (iv.) how the user will interact with the system. Various design decisions were taken, which were investigated by implementation of a series of working prototypes, on the ONTOS DBMS platform. The resultant REFLEX model was successfully ported and adapted onto a second POET platform. The porting process uncovered some interesting issues regarding preconceived ideas about the portability of open systems

Ubiquitous Nature of Event-Driven Approaches: A Retrospective View

This paper retrospectively analyzes the progress of event-based capability and their applicability in various domains. Although research on event-based approaches started in a humble manner with the intention of introducing triggers in database management systems for monitoring application state and to automate applications by reducing/eliminating user intervention, currently it has become a force to reckon with as it finds use in many diverse domains. This is primarily due to the fact that a large number of real-world applications are indeed event-driven and hence the paradigm is apposite. In this paper, we briefly overview the development of the ECA (or event-condition-action) paradigm. We briefly discuss the evolution of the ECA paradigm (or active capability) in relational and Object-oriented systems. We then describe several diverse applications where the ECA paradigm has been used effectively. The applications range from customized monitoring of web pages to specification and enforcement of access control policies using RBAC (role-based access control). The multitude of applications clearly demonstrate the ubiquitous nature of event-based approaches to problems that were not envisioned as the ones where the active capability would be applicable. Finally, we indicate some future trends that can benefit from the ECA paradigm

Stability of a pure electron plasma in cylindrical geometry Progress report

Stability of cylindrical cold plasma consisting of electron

Can Empowered Nurses Decrease Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) Rates?

Nurses lack knowledge about the use and importance of a nurse-driven urinary catheter removal protocol, an evidence-based tool empowering them to remove urinary catheters that are no longer needed or are inappropriate based on set criteria, without calling a physician. (Health Care Infection Control Practice Advisory Committee (HIPAC), 2009) Despite this autonomy, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are one of the leading hospital-acquired infections in many institutions (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). A quasi-experimental pre post intervention in a medical-surgical telemetry floor of an acute hospital in North Carolina showed a statistically significant increase in knowledge among nurses after an educational intervention on the importance and use of a nurse-driven urinary catheter removal protocol. Pretest. (N=27) mean score 8.41 (SD=. 797) and posttest (n=24) mean score 9.75 (SD=. 442). (T =7. 125, p =. 001) CI: -17.20, 9.462 with a p value set @ = 0.05. No direct link was noted between knowledge and CAUTI, However, the unit maintained a zero CAUTI rate three months after the intervention which is clinically meaningful. The main limitation of the study was the small sample size and the low CAUTI rates prior to the intervention. The main implication of the study, however, speaks volumes: Nurses, empowered with education and motivated with new awareness and guided by an evidence-based, nurse-driven protocol, may be the key in fighting high CAUTI rates, which makes them an asset in today’s value-based health care market

The Imperative for High-Performance Audio Computing

It is common knowledge that desktop computing power is now increasing mainly by the change to multi-core chips. This is a challenge for the software community in general, but is a particular problem for audio processing. Our needs are increasingly towards real-time and low latency. We propose a number of possible paths that need investigation, including multi-core and special accelerators, which may offer useful new musical tools. We define this as High-Performance Audio Computing, or HiPAC, in analogy to current HPC activity, and indicate some on-going work

Using UML’s Sequence Diagrams for Representing Execution Models Associated to Triggers

11 pages, 3 figures.-- Contributed to: 23rd British National Conference on Databases (BNCOD 23, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, July 18-20, 2006).Using active rules or triggers to verify integrity constraints is a serious and complex problem because these mechanisms have behaviour that could be difficult to predict in a complex database. The situation is even worse as there are few tools available for developing and verifying them. We believe that automatic support for trigger development and verification would help database developers to adopt triggers in the database design process. Therefore, in this work we suggest a visualization add-in tool that represents and verifies triggers execution by using UML’s sequence diagrams. This tool is added in RATIONAL ROSE and it simulates the execution sequence of a set of triggers when a DML operation is produced. This tool uses the SQL standard to express the triggers semantics and execution.This work is part of the project "Software Process Management Platform: modelling, reuse and measurement". TIN2004/07083.Publicad