Naturaleza de la información

Treating information leads us to define the scope and means that it achieves. The environment of it is an object that information professionals must make clear what the tasks entail. For this reason we are interested in defining the world of information, concepts, nature and consequences. Information as an element of cognitive process with phases and development in the subject and the same in society in abundance, distribution and manipulation

Naturaleza de la información

Treating information leads us to define the scope and means that it achieves. The environment of it is an object that information professionals must make clear what the tasks entail. For this reason we are interested in defining the world of information, concepts, nature and consequences. Information as an element of cognitive process with phases and development in the subject and the same in society in abundance, distribution and manipulation

Constructivist approach to the concept of information

Jedno od temeljnih pitanja današnjice upravo je pitanje što je informacija. Iako postoje brojni autori koji postuliraju svoje teorije, još uvijek ne postoji općeprihvaćena definicija informacije. O njoj se počinje teoretizirati još sredinom 20. stoljeća kroz prirodne i tehničke znanosti. U tom smislu, najpoznatija je Matematička teorija komunikacije C. Shannona koja predstavlja temelj 'informacijske teorije'. Rad predstavlja pregled glavne literature s područja informacijske teorije s izrazitim naglaskom na konstruktivistički pristup pojmu informacije. Predstavljaju se glavni pravci nastali prije i nakon navedenog pristupa. Nadalje, navode se temelji konstruktivizma iz humanističkih i prirodnih znanosti. Uz konstruktivizam se tako vežu filozofske teorije uma i rasprava između realizma i antirealizma kao jednog od temelja suvremene znanosti. Direktan povod konstruktivizmu je rad čileanskih biologa H. Maturane i F. Varele o autopoietskim sustavima. Opisuju se glavne značajke autopoietskih sustava te se objašnjava njihova primjena na društvene i psihičke sustave. Opisuju se vrste konstruktivističkog pogleda te daje pregled perspektiva glavnih autora konstruktivističkog pristupa pojmu informacije. Cilj rada je dati sveobuhvatan okvir konstruktivističkom pristupu pojmu informacije te istaknuti temeljne ideje i autore toga pristupa. Iako to u svojim radovima nisu naveli, zaključuje se kako G. Bateson, N. Luhmann i H. von Foerster predstavljaju glavne zagovornike konstruktivističkog pristupa pojmu informacije

Constructivist approach to the concept of information

Jedno od temeljnih pitanja današnjice upravo je pitanje što je informacija. Iako postoje brojni autori koji postuliraju svoje teorije, još uvijek ne postoji općeprihvaćena definicija informacije. O njoj se počinje teoretizirati još sredinom 20. stoljeća kroz prirodne i tehničke znanosti. U tom smislu, najpoznatija je Matematička teorija komunikacije C. Shannona koja predstavlja temelj 'informacijske teorije'. Rad predstavlja pregled glavne literature s područja informacijske teorije s izrazitim naglaskom na konstruktivistički pristup pojmu informacije. Predstavljaju se glavni pravci nastali prije i nakon navedenog pristupa. Nadalje, navode se temelji konstruktivizma iz humanističkih i prirodnih znanosti. Uz konstruktivizam se tako vežu filozofske teorije uma i rasprava između realizma i antirealizma kao jednog od temelja suvremene znanosti. Direktan povod konstruktivizmu je rad čileanskih biologa H. Maturane i F. Varele o autopoietskim sustavima. Opisuju se glavne značajke autopoietskih sustava te se objašnjava njihova primjena na društvene i psihičke sustave. Opisuju se vrste konstruktivističkog pogleda te daje pregled perspektiva glavnih autora konstruktivističkog pristupa pojmu informacije. Cilj rada je dati sveobuhvatan okvir konstruktivističkom pristupu pojmu informacije te istaknuti temeljne ideje i autore toga pristupa. Iako to u svojim radovima nisu naveli, zaključuje se kako G. Bateson, N. Luhmann i H. von Foerster predstavljaju glavne zagovornike konstruktivističkog pristupa pojmu informacije

Notions of Information: A Review of Literature

For IS researchers it is important to know and understand the different notions of information,their assumptions and the consequences of using them. The goal of this paper is to inform the readerwhich notions exist in literature of various disciplines. An overview is given of different informationnotions and approaches to information. On the basis of this overview four basic notions are proposed,which I consider to be the most important notions used in literature. These notions are information-asthing(information is treated as if it is a thing), information-as-process (a mental process ofinforming/altering), information-as-social construction (the shared, constructed information base of socialsystems) and information-as-probability (the probability of a message being sent). Traditionallyinformation management is only concerned with information-as-thing. I argue that informationmanagement must consider information in all its perceptions

Communication vs. Information, an Axiomatic Neutrosophic Solution

Study represents an application of the neutrosophic method, for solving the contradiction between communication and information. In addition, it recourse to an appropriate method of approaching the contradictions: Extensics, as the method and the science of solving the contradictions. The research core is the reality that the scientific research of communication-information relationship has reached a dead end. The bivalent relationship communicationinformation, information-communication has come to be contradictory, and the two concepts to block each other. After the critical examination of conflicting positions expressed by many experts in the field, the extensic and inclusive hypothesis is issued that information is a form of communication. The object of communication is the sending of a message. The message may consist of thoughts, ideas, opinions, feelings, beliefs, facts, information, intelligence or other significational elements. When the message content is primarily informational, communication will become information or intelligence. The arguments of supporting the hypothesis are: a) linguistic (the most important being that there is "communication of information" but not "information of communication"; also, it is clarified and reinforced the over situated referent, that of the communication as a process), b) systemic-procedural (in the communication system is developing an information system; the informing actant is a type of communicator, the information process is a communication process), c) practical (the delimitation eliminates the efforts of disparate and inconsistent understanding of the two concepts), d) epistemological arguments (the possibility of intersubjective thinking of reality is created), linguistic arguments, e) logical and realistic arguments (it is noted the situation that allows to think coherently in a system of concepts - derivative series or integrative groups) f) and arguments from historical experience (the concept of communication has temporal priority, it appears 13 times in Julius Caesar’s writings ). In an axiomatic conclusion, the main arguments are summarized in four axioms: three are based on the pertinent observations of specialists, and the fourth is a relevant application of Florentin Smarandache’s neutrosophic theory

Communication vs. Information, an Axiomatic Neutrosophic Solution

Study represents an application of the neutrosophic method, for solving the contradiction between communication and information. In addition, it recourse to an appropriate method of approaching the contradictions: Extensics, as the method and the science of solving the contradictions. The research core is the reality that the scientific research of communication-information relationship has reached a dead end. The bivalent relationship communicationinformation, information-communication has come to be contradictory, and the two concepts to block each other. After the critical examination of conflicting positions expressed by many experts in the field, the extensic and inclusive hypothesis is issued that information is a form of communication. The object of communication is the sending of a message. The message may consist of thoughts, ideas, opinions, feelings, beliefs, facts, information, intelligence or other significational elements. When the message content is primarily informational, communication will become information or intelligence. The arguments of supporting the hypothesis are: a) linguistic (the most important being that there is "communication of information" but not "information of communication"; also, it is clarified and reinforced the over situated referent, that of the communication as a process), b) systemic-procedural (in the communication system is developing an information system; the informing actant is a type of communicator, the information process is a communication process), c) practical (the delimitation eliminates the efforts of disparate and inconsistent understanding of the two concepts), d) epistemological arguments (the possibility of intersubjective thinking of reality is created), linguistic arguments, e) logical and realistic arguments (it is noted the situation that allows to think coherently in a system of concepts - derivative series or integrative groups) f) and arguments from historical experience (the concept of communication has temporal priority, it appears 13 times in Julius Caesar’s writings ). In an axiomatic conclusion, the main arguments are summarized in four axioms: three are based on the pertinent observations of specialists, and the fourth is a relevant application of Florentin Smarandache’s neutrosophic theory

Requirements capture for colour information for design professionals

This article presents the results of a study that investigates the status of colour information use in the design process and generates ideas for a colour tool. Face‐to‐face interviews with senior designers and brand managers from the packaging and branding fields were conducted as the primary data collection method. The results are categorized into six topics: colour decision, types of colour information considered to be important in the design process, reasons for considering colour information important in the design process, current use of colour information, design professionals' preferences for existing colour tool types and data types and suggestions for a colour tool. It is concluded that there are problems with existing colour resources and tools regarding their availability and usefulness; there is a strong demand for a colour tool in the packaging design and branding processes. The insight from this work will help researchers, design professionals and colour tool developers to make informed decisions on the areas on which they should focus, how they should do so and why. This will facilitate better provisions and uptake of useful colour information for design professionals in the design process and strategy fields

Reporting serendipity in biomedical research literature : a mixed-methods analysis

As serendipity is an unexpected, anomalous, or inconsistent observation that culminates in a valuable, positive outcome (McCay-Peet & Toms, 2018, pp. 4–6), it can be inferred that effectively supporting serendipity will result in a greater incidence of the desired positive outcomes (McCay-Peet & Toms, 2018, p. 22). In order to effectively support serendipity, however, we must first understand the overall process or experience of serendipity and the factors influencing its attainment. Currently, our understanding and models of the serendipitous experience are based almost exclusively on example collections, compilations of examples of serendipity that authors and researchers have collected as they encounter them (Gries, 2009, p. 9). Unfortunately, reliance on such collections can lead to an over-representation of more vivid and dramatic examples and possible underrepresentation of more common, but less noticeable, exemplars. By applying the principles of corpus research, which involves electronic compilation of examples in existing documents, we can alleviate this problem and obtain a more balanced and representative understanding of serendipitous experiences (Gries, 2009). This three-article dissertation describes the phenomenon of serendipity, as it is recorded in biomedical research articles indexed in the PubMed Central database, in a way that might inform the development of machine compilation systems for the support of serendipity. Within this study, serendipity is generally defined as a process or experience that begins with encountering some type of information. That information is subsequently analyzed and further pursued by an individual with related knowledge, skills, and understanding, and, finally, allows them to realize a valuable outcome. The information encounter that initiates the serendipity experience exhibits qualities of unexpectedness as well as value for the user. In this mixed method study, qualitative content analysis, supported by natural language processing, and concurrent with statistical analysis, is applied to gain a robust understanding of the phenomenon of serendipity that may reveal features of serendipitous experience useful to the development of recommender system algorithms.Includes bibliographical reference