3,112 research outputs found
Latest evidence for a late time vacuum -- geodesic CDM interaction
We perform a reconstruction of the coupling function between vacuum energy
and geodesic cold dark matter using the latest observational data. We bin the
interaction in seventeen redshift bins but use a correlation prior to prevent
rapid, unphysical oscillations in the coupling function. This prior also serves
to eliminate any dependence of the reconstruction on the binning method. We use
two different forms of the correlation prior, finding that both give similar
results for the reconstruction of the dark matter -- dark energy interaction.
Calculating the Bayes factor for each case, we find no meaningful evidence for
deviation from the null interacting case, i.e. CDM, in our
reconstruction.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Version 2 matches published version in Physics
of the Dark Universe (Figure 2 updated to better show H0 and sigma 8
tensions, additional discussion of results added in section 4.1
Evaluating the Differences of Gridding Techniques for Digital Elevation Models Generation and Their Influence on the Modeling of Stony Debris Flows Routing: A Case Study From Rovina di Cancia Basin (North-Eastern Italian Alps)
Debris \ufb02ows are among the most hazardous phenomena in mountain areas. To cope
with debris \ufb02ow hazard, it is common to delineate the risk-prone areas through
routing models. The most important input to debris \ufb02ow routing models are the
topographic data, usually in the form of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The quality
of DEMs depends on the accuracy, density, and spatial distribution of the sampled
points; on the characteristics of the surface; and on the applied gridding methodology.
Therefore, the choice of the interpolation method affects the realistic representation
of the channel and fan morphology, and thus potentially the debris \ufb02ow routing
modeling outcomes. In this paper, we initially investigate the performance of common
interpolation methods (i.e., linear triangulation, natural neighbor, nearest neighbor,
Inverse Distance to a Power, ANUDEM, Radial Basis Functions, and ordinary kriging)
in building DEMs with the complex topography of a debris \ufb02ow channel located
in the Venetian Dolomites (North-eastern Italian Alps), by using small footprint full-
waveform Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data. The investigation is carried
out through a combination of statistical analysis of vertical accuracy, algorithm
robustness, and spatial clustering of vertical errors, and multi-criteria shape reliability
assessment. After that, we examine the in\ufb02uence of the tested interpolation algorithms
on the performance of a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based cell model for
simulating stony debris \ufb02ows routing. In detail, we investigate both the correlation
between the DEMs heights uncertainty resulting from the gridding procedure and
that on the corresponding simulated erosion/deposition depths, both the effect of
interpolation algorithms on simulated areas, erosion and deposition volumes, solid-liquid
discharges, and channel morphology after the event. The comparison among the tested
interpolation methods highlights that the ANUDEM and ordinary kriging algorithms
are not suitable for building DEMs with complex topography. Conversely, the linear
triangulation, the natural neighbor algorithm, and the thin-plate spline plus tension and completely regularized spline functions ensure the best trade-off among accuracy
and shape reliability. Anyway, the evaluation of the effects of gridding techniques on
debris \ufb02ow routing modeling reveals that the choice of the interpolation algorithm does
not signi\ufb01cantly affect the model outcomes
Numerical test of the Cardy-Jacobsen conjecture in the site-diluted Potts model in three dimensions
We present a microcanonical Monte Carlo simulation of the site-diluted Potts
model in three dimensions with eight internal states, partly carried out in the
citizen supercomputer Ibercivis. Upon dilution, the pure model's first-order
transition becomes of the second-order at a tricritical point. We compute
accurately the critical exponents at the tricritical point. As expected from
the Cardy-Jacobsen conjecture, they are compatible with their Random Field
Ising Model counterpart. The conclusion is further reinforced by comparison
with older data for the Potts model with four states.Comment: Final version. 9 pages, 9 figure
Ultra-light Axions: Degeneracies with Massive Neutrinos and Forecasts for Future Cosmological Observations
A generic prediction of string theory is the existence of many axion fields.
It has recently been argued that many of these fields should be light and, like
the well known QCD axion, lead to observable cosmological consequences. In this
paper we study in detail the effect of the so-called string axiverse on large
scale structure, focusing on the morphology and evolution of density
perturbations, anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background and weak
gravitational lensing of distant galaxies. We quantify specific effects that
will arise from the presence of the axionic fields and highlight possible
degeneracies that may arise in the presence of massive neutrinos. We take
particular care understanding the different physical effects and scales that
come into play. We then forecast how the string axiverse may be constrained and
show that with a combination of different observations, it should be possible
to detect a fraction of ultralight axions to dark matter of a few percent.Comment: 24 pages, 16 figures, this version: corrected typos, some comments
added, matches published versio
Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
In this paper we investigate whether Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH),
equipped with artificial conductivity, is able to capture the physics of
density/energy discontinuities in the case of the so-called shearing layers
test, a test for examining Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instabilities. We can trace
back each failure of SPH to show KH rolls to two causes: i) shock waves
travelling in the simulation box and ii) particle clumping, or more generally,
particle noise. The probable cause of shock waves is the Local Mixing
Instability (LMI), previously identified in the literature. Particle noise on
the other hand is a problem because it introduces a large error in the SPH
momentum equation.
We also investigate the role of artificial conductivity (AC). Including AC is
necessary for the long-term behavior of the simulation (e.g. to get
KH rolls). In sensitive hydrodynamical simulations great care
is however needed in selecting the AC signal velocity, with the default
formulation leading to too much energy diffusion. We present new signal
velocities that lead to less diffusion.
The effects of the shock waves and of particle disorder become less important
as the time-scale of the physical problem (for the shearing layers problem:
lower density contrast and higher Mach numbers) decreases. At the resolution of
current galaxy formation simulations mixing is probably not important. However,
mixing could become crucial for next-generation simulations.Comment: 16 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Finite element analysis of stress distribution and the effects of geometry in a laser-generated single-stage ceramic tile grout seal using ANSYS
Optimisation of the geometry (curvature of the vitrified enamel layer) of a laser-generated single-stage ceramic tile grout seal has carried out with a finite element (FE) model. The overall load bearing capacities and load-displacement plots of three selected geometries were determined experimentally by the indentation technique. Simultaneously, a FE model was developed utilising the commercial ANSYS package to simulate the indentation. Although the load-displacement plots generated by the FE model consistently displayed stiffer identities than the experimentally obtained results, there was reasonably close agreement between the two sets of results. Stress distribution profiles of the three FE models at failure loads were analysed and correlated so as to draw an implication on the prediction of a catastrophic failure through an analysis of FE-generated stress distribution profiles. It was observed that although increased curvatures of the vitrified enamel layer do enhance the overall load-bearing capacity of the single-stage ceramic tile grout seal and bring about a lower nominal stress, there is a higher build up in stress concentration at the apex that would inevitably reduce the load-bearing capacity of the enamel glaze. Consequently, the optimum geometry of the vitrified enamel layer was determined to be flat
Laterally driven interfaces in the three-dimensional Ising lattice gas
We study the steady state of a phase-separated driven Ising lattice gas in
three dimensions using computer simulations with Kawasaki dynamics. An external
force field F(z) acts in the x direction parallel to the interface, creating a
lateral order parameter current j^x(z) which varies with distance z from the
interface. Above the roughening temperature, our data for `shear-like' linear
variation of F(z) are in agreement with the picture wherein shear acts as
effective confinement in this system, thus supressing the interfacial
capillary-wave fluctuations. We find sharper magnetisation profiles and reduced
interfacial width as compared to equilibrium. Pair correlations are more
suppressed in the vorticity direction y than in the driving direction; the
opposite holds for the structure factor. Lateral transport of capillary waves
occurs for those forms of F(z) for which the current j^x(z) is an odd function
of z, for example the shear-like drive, and a `step-like' driving field. For a
V-shaped driving force no such motion occurs, but capillary waves are
suppressed more strongly than for the shear-like drive. These findings are in
agreement with our previous simulation studies in two dimensions. Near and
below the (equilibrium) roughening temperature the effective-confinement
picture ceases to work, but the lateral motion of the interface persists.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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