Technological advance in relay protection: dangerous tendencies

In the article, the modern lines in the development of relay protection are considered: complication, increasing number of functions, use of non-determined and free-programmed logic, use of Ethernet and Wi-Fi communications channels, decreasing reliability. The article highlights the danger of the existing tendencies in relay protection development and the necessity for creation of new lines of relay protection that are independent of the current developers and manufacturers. The article calls for creation of an Expert Coordination Council of specialists for development of the general strategy and ways of relay protection.Розглядаються сучасні тенденції розвитку релейного захисту: ускладнення, збільшення кількості виконуваних функцій, застосування недетермінованої та вільно-програмованої логіки, використання Ethernet та Wi-Fi каналів зв'язку, зниження надійності. Визначається небезпека існуючих тенденцій розвитку релейного захисту й необхідність створення незалежного від розробників та виробників реле захисту експертної координаційної ради фахівців для вироблення загальної стратегії та шляхів розвитку релейного захисту

Power quality and electromagnetic compatibility: special report, session 2

The scope of Session 2 (S2) has been defined as follows by the Session Advisory Group and the Technical Committee: Power Quality (PQ), with the more general concept of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and with some related safety problems in electricity distribution systems. Special focus is put on voltage continuity (supply reliability, problem of outages) and voltage quality (voltage level, flicker, unbalance, harmonics). This session will also look at electromagnetic compatibility (mains frequency to 150 kHz), electromagnetic interferences and electric and magnetic fields issues. Also addressed in this session are electrical safety and immunity concerns (lightning issues, step, touch and transferred voltages). The aim of this special report is to present a synthesis of the present concerns in PQ&EMC, based on all selected papers of session 2 and related papers from other sessions, (152 papers in total). The report is divided in the following 4 blocks: Block 1: Electric and Magnetic Fields, EMC, Earthing systems Block 2: Harmonics Block 3: Voltage Variation Block 4: Power Quality Monitoring Two Round Tables will be organised: - Power quality and EMC in the Future Grid (CIGRE/CIRED WG C4.24, RT 13) - Reliability Benchmarking - why we should do it? What should be done in future? (RT 15

Technological advance in relay protection: dangerous tendencies

In the article, the modern lines in the development of relay protection are considered: complication, increasing number of functions, use of non-determined and free-programmed logic, use of Ethernet and Wi-Fi communications channels, decreasing reliability. The article highlights the danger of the existing tendencies in relay protection development and the necessity for creation of new lines of relay protection that are independent of the current developers and manufacturers. The article calls for creation of an Expert Coordination Council of specialists for development of the general strategy and ways of relay protection.Розглядаються сучаснi тенденцiї розвитку релейного захисту: ускладнення, збiльшення кiлькостi виконуваних функцiй, застосування недетермiрованої та вiльно-програмованої логiки, використання Ethernet та WiFi каналiв зв'язку, зниження надiйностi. Визначається небезпека iснуючих тенденцiй розвитку релейного захисту й необхiднiсть створення незалежного вiд розробникiв та виробникiв реле захисту експертної координації ради фахівців для вироблення загальної стратегiї та шляхiв розвитку релейного захисту.Рассматриваются современные тенденции в развитии релейной защиты: усложнение, увеличение количества выполняемых функций, применение недетерминированной и свободно-программируемой логики, использование Ethernet и Wi-Fi каналов связи, снижение надежности. Отмечается опасность существующих тенденций развития релейной защиты и необходимость создания независимого от разработчиков и производителей реле защиты экспертного координационного Совета специалистов для выработки общей стратегии и путей развития релейной защиты

Future of electromechanical switchgear

The current development of the electrical networks towards a DC system imposes certain changes in the design and functionality of several network components. This paper aims to offer an overview of the challenges and the opportunities that are raised by the DC system over the electromechanical switchgear in order to identify its future path in the electrical network. The paper starts with a review process of the previous statements regarding the future of the low-voltage (LV) electromechanical switchgear. In the second part, the existing developments in the LV technology towards a mixed (centralized and decentralized) DC grid are presented. The third part presents the main influencing factors and the developments in the classic electromechanical switchgear as well as in the relatively new switchgear technologies represented by the hybrid and power electronic switches. Following, several questions concerning the standardization and the DC ageing behaviour of the insulating materials will be presented and discussed. The last part will present the conclusions of the current overview

Emerging technologies and future trends in substation automation systems for the protection, monitoring and control of electrical substations

Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores (Automação). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 201

A Vision and An Evolutionary Framework for 6G: Scenarios, Capabilities and Enablers

With the standardization and commercialization completed at an unforeseen pace for the 5th generation (5G) wireless networks, researchers, engineers and executives from the academia and industry have turned their attention to new candidate technologies that can support the next generation wireless networks enabling more advanced capabilities in sophisticated scenarios. Explicitly, the 6th generation (6G) terrestrial wireless network aims to providing seamless connectivity not only to users but also to machine type devices for the next decade and beyond. This paper describes the progresses moving towards 6G, which is officially termed as ``international mobile telecommunications (IMT) for 2030 and beyond'' in the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R). Specifically, the usage scenarios, their representative capabilities and the supporting technologies are discussed, and the future opportunities and challenges are highlighted.Comment: Submitted to an IEEE Magazin

Smart Grid Communications: Overview of Research Challenges, Solutions, and Standardization Activities

Optimization of energy consumption in future intelligent energy networks (or Smart Grids) will be based on grid-integrated near-real-time communications between various grid elements in generation, transmission, distribution and loads. This paper discusses some of the challenges and opportunities of communications research in the areas of smart grid and smart metering. In particular, we focus on some of the key communications challenges for realizing interoperable and future-proof smart grid/metering networks, smart grid security and privacy, and how some of the existing networking technologies can be applied to energy management. Finally, we also discuss the coordinated standardization efforts in Europe to harmonize communications standards and protocols.Comment: To be published in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial

Post-Westgate SWAT : C4ISTAR Architectural Framework for Autonomous Network Integrated Multifaceted Warfighting Solutions Version 1.0 : A Peer-Reviewed Monograph

Police SWAT teams and Military Special Forces face mounting pressure and challenges from adversaries that can only be resolved by way of ever more sophisticated inputs into tactical operations. Lethal Autonomy provides constrained military/security forces with a viable option, but only if implementation has got proper empirically supported foundations. Autonomous weapon systems can be designed and developed to conduct ground, air and naval operations. This monograph offers some insights into the challenges of developing legal, reliable and ethical forms of autonomous weapons, that address the gap between Police or Law Enforcement and Military operations that is growing exponentially small. National adversaries are today in many instances hybrid threats, that manifest criminal and military traits, these often require deployment of hybrid-capability autonomous weapons imbued with the capability to taken on both Military and/or Security objectives. The Westgate Terrorist Attack of 21st September 2013 in the Westlands suburb of Nairobi, Kenya is a very clear manifestation of the hybrid combat scenario that required military response and police investigations against a fighting cell of the Somalia based globally networked Al Shabaab terrorist group.Comment: 52 pages, 6 Figures, over 40 references, reviewed by a reade

Aeronautical Engineering: A special bibliography with indexes, supplement 48

This special bibliography lists 291 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in August 1974

A modern teaching environment for process automation

Emergence of the new technological trends such as Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA), Industrial Ethernet, cloud computing and the 5th wireless network (5G) enabled the implementation of Cyber-physical System (CPS) with flexible, configurable, scalable and interoperable business models. This provides new opportunities for the process automation systems. On the other hand, the constant urge of industries for cost and material efficient processes demands a new automation paradigm with the latest tools and technologies which should be taken into account while teaching future automation engineers. In this thesis, the modern teaching environment for process automation is designed, implemented and described. This work explains the connections, configurations and the test of three mini plants including the Multiple Heat Exchanger, the Three-tank system and the Mixing Tank. In addition, OPC UA communication between the server and its clients has been tested. The plants are a part of the state of the art of the architecture that provides the access of ABB 800xA to the cloud services via OPC UA over the 5G test wireless network. This new paradigm changes the old automation hierarchy and enables the cross layered communication in the old architecture. This modern teaching environment prepares the students for the future automation challenges with the latest tools and merges data analytics, cloud computing and wireless network studies with process automation. It also provides the unique chance of testing the future trends together in this unique process automation setup