The Cowl - v.82 - n.18 - Mar 1, 2018

The Cowl - student newspaper of Providence College. Volume 82, Number 18 - March 1, 2018. 24 pages

Vol. 52, No. 7, January 29, 2002

• K\u27s and MLK : Martin Luther King and Contract Law •The Wailing Wall •The Case for Tribunals •The Rant •Who Killed Buddy Clinton? •When Your Favorite Shows Suck •The Insider •Crossword •Moderately Priced Restaurants in Ann Arbo

Vol. 52, No. 7, January 29, 2002

• K\u27s and MLK : Martin Luther King and Contract Law •The Wailing Wall •The Case for Tribunals •The Rant •Who Killed Buddy Clinton? •When Your Favorite Shows Suck •The Insider •Crossword •Moderately Priced Restaurants in Ann Arbo

X-38 Program Status/Overview

The X-38 Project consists of a series of experimental vehicles designed to provide the technical "blueprint" for the International Space Station's (ISS) Crew Return Vehicle (CRV). There are three atmospheric vehicles and one space flight vehicle in the program. Each vehicle is designed as a technical stepping stone for the next vehicle, with each new vehicle being more complex and advanced than it's predecessor. The X-38 project began in 1995 at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas at the direction of the NASA administrator. From the beginning, the project has had the CRY design validation as its ultimate goal. The CRY has three basic missions that drive the design that must be proven during the course of the X-38 Project: a) Emergency return of an ill or injured crew member. b) Emergency return of an entire ISS crew due to the inability of ISS to sustain life c) Planned return of an entire ISS crew due to the inability to re-supply the ISS or return the crew. The X-38 project must provide the blueprint for a vehicle that provides the capability for human return from space for all three of these design missions

Swiss Validation of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Database.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have considerably improved postoperative outcomes and are in use for various types of surgery. The prospective audit system (EIAS) could be a powerful tool for large-scale outcome research but its database has not been validated yet. Swiss ERAS centers were invited to contribute to the validation of the Swiss chapter for colorectal surgery. A monitoring team performed on-site visits by the use of a standardized checklist. Validation criteria were (I) coverage (No. of operated patients within ERAS protocol; target threshold for validation: ≥ 80%), (II) missing data (8 predefined variables; target ≤ 10%), and (III) accuracy (2 predefined variables, target ≥ 80%). These criteria were assessed by comparing EIAS entries with the medical charts of a random sample of patients per center (range 15-20). Out of 18 Swiss ERAS centers, 15 agreed to have onsite monitoring but 13 granted access to the final dataset. ERAS coverage was available in only 7 centers and varied between 76 and 100%. Overall missing data rate was 5.7% and concerned mainly the variables "urinary catheter removal" (16.4%) and "mobilization on day 1" (16%). Accuracy for the length of hospital stay and complications was overall 84.6%. Overall, 5 over 13 centers failed in the validation process for one or several criteria. EIAS was validated in most Swiss ERAS centers. Potential patient selection and missing data remain sources of bias in non-validated centers. Therefore, simplified validation of other centers appears to be mandatory before large-scale use of the EIAS dataset

Safety of astaxanthin for its use as a novel food in food supplements

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of astaxanthin when used as a novel food in food supplements at maximum levels of 8 mg/day, taking into account the overall cumulative intake of astaxanthin from all food sources. In 2014, the NDA Panel assessed the safety of the novel astaxanthin-rich ingredient derived from microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis in the context of an application submitted under Regulation (EC) No 258/1997. In that opinion, the NDA Panel considered that the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for astaxanthin was 0.034 mg/kg body weight (bw) set by the EFSA FEEDAP Panel in 2014. In 2019, the FEEDAP Panel adopted an opinion which concerned the renewal of the authorisation of dimethyldisuccinate-astaxanthin and a new use of the additive for crustaceans and other fish than salmonids. In that assessment, the FEEDAP Panel derived a new ADI of 0.2 mg astaxanthin/kg bw which replaced the ADI of 0.034 mg/kg bw established in 2014. By taking into account an updated exposure assessment for astaxanthin from the background diet (fish and crustaceans) in combination with 8 mg from food supplements, the NDA Panel concludes that (i) such combined exposure to astaxanthin is safe for adults, (ii) 14 to <18 years old adolescents reach the ADI, and (iii) the ADI is exceeded by 28% in children aged 10 to <14 years and up to 524% in infants aged 4-6 months. (C) 2020 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.Non peer reviewe

Safety of astaxanthin for its use as a novel food in food supplements

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Safety of astaxanthin for its use as a novel food in food supplements

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel&nbsp;on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of astaxanthin when used as a novel food in food supplements at maximum levels of 8&nbsp;mg/day, taking into account the overall cumulative intake of astaxanthin from all food sources. In 2014, the NDA Panel&nbsp;assessed the safety of the novel astaxanthin-rich ingredient derived from microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis in the context of an application submitted under Regulation (EC) No&nbsp;258/1997. In that opinion, the NDA Panel&nbsp;considered that the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for astaxanthin was 0.034&nbsp;mg/kg body weight (bw) set by the EFSA FEEDAP Panel&nbsp;in 2014. In 2019, the FEEDAP Panel&nbsp;adopted an opinion which concerned the renewal of the authorisation of dimethyldisuccinate-astaxanthin and a new use of the additive for crustaceans and other fish than salmonids. In that assessment, the FEEDAP Panel&nbsp;derived a new ADI of 0.2&nbsp;mg astaxanthin/kg bw which replaced the ADI of 0.034&nbsp;mg/kg bw established in 2014. By taking into account an updated exposure assessment for astaxanthin from the background diet (fish and crustaceans) in combination with 8&nbsp;mg from food supplements, the NDA Panel&nbsp;concludes that (i) such combined exposure to astaxanthin is safe for adults, (ii) 14 to &lt;&nbsp;18&nbsp;years old adolescents reach the ADI, and (iii) the ADI is exceeded by 28% in children aged 10 to &lt;&nbsp;14&nbsp;years and up to 524% in infants aged 4–6&nbsp;months

Enhanced pupillary light reflex in infancy is associated with autism diagnosis in toddlerhood.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting around 1% of the population. We previously discovered that infant siblings of children with ASD had stronger pupillary light reflexes compared to low-risk infants, a result which contrasts sharply with the weak pupillary light reflex typically seen in both children and adults with ASD. Here, we show that on average the relative constriction of the pupillary light reflex is larger in 9-10-month-old high risk infant siblings who receive an ASD diagnosis at 36 months, compared both to those who do not and to low-risk controls. We also found that the magnitude of the pupillary light reflex in infancy is associated with symptom severity at follow-up. This study indicates an important role of sensory atypicalities in the etiology of ASD, and suggests that pupillometry, if further developed and refined, could facilitate risk assessment in infants