ANALISIS POLA DISTRIBUSI DAN POLA PERUBAHAN SUHU PERMUKAAN TANAH DI KOTA SURABAYA MENGGUNAKAN CITRA LANDSAT 8 DAN STASIUN CUACA OTOMATIS

Population density in urban areas has implications for the limited availability of green open space. Green open space has an important role in maintaining the quality of the environment and the health of the people living in the area. For this reason, an indicator in the form of Ground Surface Temperature is needed to determine the distribution and adequacy of green open space in a certain area. Continuous ground surface temperature data can then be used as the basis for the development and management of green open space. Ground Surface Temperature can be obtained by recording meteorological data using a weather station. However, the data obtained are limited in number and spatial distribution. So that the use of satellite imagery with thermal sensors becomes a solution to get Ground Surface Temperature with a wide area coverage. In this study, the analysis of temperature changes was carried out in the city of Surabaya using the Landsat 8 TIRS data from August 5 2018 to September 12 2018.The results of the Ground Surface Temperature estimation using the Single-Channel Algorithm (SCA) method were then validated with the temperature recorded at the Juanda Weather Station (BMKG Juanda) and ITS Automatic Weather Station (ITS PWS). In the period 5 August 2018 to 12 September 2018, the maximum, minimum and average of Ground Surface Temperature in Surabaya is 36oC, 20oC and 27oC. There is a difference in temperature between LST and BMKG Juanda of ± 0.11oC (11 August 2018) and ± 0.34oC (12 September 2018). While the temperature difference between LST and PWS ITS is ± 0.88oC (11 August 2018) and ± 3.22oC (12 September 2018). The results of the correlation test between SPT data with BMKG Juanda and PWS ITS showed a very strong correlation between the two data (R = 87%)

Real-time human ambulation, activity, and physiological monitoring:taxonomy of issues, techniques, applications, challenges and limitations

Automated methods of real-time, unobtrusive, human ambulation, activity, and wellness monitoring and data analysis using various algorithmic techniques have been subjects of intense research. The general aim is to devise effective means of addressing the demands of assisted living, rehabilitation, and clinical observation and assessment through sensor-based monitoring. The research studies have resulted in a large amount of literature. This paper presents a holistic articulation of the research studies and offers comprehensive insights along four main axes: distribution of existing studies; monitoring device framework and sensor types; data collection, processing and analysis; and applications, limitations and challenges. The aim is to present a systematic and most complete study of literature in the area in order to identify research gaps and prioritize future research directions

ECONOMIC VALUATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE MARINE FISHERIES IN CILACAP, CENTRAL JAVA

The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of climate change in the marine capture fisheries in Cilacap, Central Java. Also to formulate the adaptation and mitigation strategies on the impacts of climate change. Data collection was done through multi-stages sampling. Samples of respondents were: 73 marine-fisher respondents, 43 collector respondents, and 100 consumer respondents, which were analyzed by descriptive statistics. In the aspect of production, there was a decrease in catch which caused severe losses in 26 respondents, an increase in length of trip which was vary from 1 day to 7 days, and changes in fishers spending, such as: change in cost of fuel, change in food & lodging cost, and change in productivity. Lack of production has led to a decrease in fish-stocks. Therefore availability and sustainability of fish-stock in the aspect of distribution became questionable, which influenced availability and affordability of fish in market (Aspect of consumption). Thus, enhancing the performance of extension institution was needed to anticipate the impact of climate change in marine fisheries sector. An ideal extension institution was made to enhance the performance of extension institution was made in order to estimate transaction cost of the policy. The result has shown the amount of information cost, policing cost and operational & maintenance cost to establish a successful program

Review of river fisheries valuation in West and Central Africa

This paper provides a review of the valuation of river fisheries in West and Central Africa. It is the general perception that, compared to the biological and ecological aspects of river fisheries, this particular subject area has received relatively little attention. Economic valuation is concerned with finding expression for what is important in life for human society. It should, therefore, be a central and integral part of government decision-making and policy. The review started with concepts and methods for valuation. Three main types of valuation techniques were identified: conventional economic valuations, economic impact assessments and socioeconomic investigations, and livelihood analysis. On the basis of a literature review, valuation information was then synthesized for the major regional river basins and large lakes, and also used to develop a series of national fisheries profiles. To supplement this broad perspective, a series of case studies are also presented, which focus in particular on the impact of changes in water management regime. Finally, the paper presents an assessment of the three main types of valuation methodology and a set of conclusions and recommendations for future valuation studies

Seismic hazard and risk in Shanghai and estimation of expected building damage

The People's Republic of China is in the process of rapid demographic, economic and urban change including nationwide engineering and building construction at an unprecedented scale. The mega-city of Shanghai is at the centre of China's modernisation. Rapid urbanisation and building growth have increased the exposure of people and property to natural disasters. The seismic hazard of Shanghai and its vicinity is presented from a seismogenic free-zone methodology. A PGA value of 49 cm s-2 and a maximum intensity value of VII for the Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale (a scale similar to the Modified Mercalli) for a 99% probability of non-exceedance in 50 years are determined for Shanghai city. The potential building damage for three independent districts of the city centre named Putuo, Nanjing Road and Pudong are calculated using damage vulnerability matrices. It is found that old civil houses of brick and timber are the most vulnerable buildings with potentially a mean probability value of 7.4% of this building structure type exhibiting the highest damage grade at intensity VII

Rising Level of Public Exposure to Mobile Phones: Accumulation through Additivity and Reflectivity

A dramatic development occurring in our daily life is the increasing use of mobile equipment including mobile phones and wireless access to the Internet. They enable us to access several types of information more easily than in the past. Simultaneously, the density of mobile users is rapidly increasing. When hundreds of mobile phones emit radiation, their total power is found to be comparable to that of a microwave oven or a satellite broadcasting station. Thus, the question arises: what is the public exposure level in an area with many sources of electromagnetic wave emission? We show that this level can reach the reference level for general public exposure (ICNIRP Guideline) in daily life. This is caused by the fundamental properties of electromagnetic field, namely, reflection and additivity. The level of exposure is found to be much higher than that estimated by the conventional framework of analysis that assumes that the level rapidly decreases with the inverse square distance between the source and the affected person. A simple formula for the exposure level is derived by applying energetics to the electromagnetic field. The formula reveals a potential risk of intensive exposure.Comment: 5 pages, 1 fugure; to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Vol.71 No.2 in Feb 200