(Standard) Language Ideology and Regional Putonghua in Chinese Social Media: A View from Weibo

Despite having numerous Chinese language varieties and non-Chinese ethnic minority languages, China is often considered a monolingual nation (Liang 2015, 154). The country's strong monolingual language policy heavily promotes a single standard language-Putonghua. Recently, scholars have begun to investigate 'regional Putonghua' varieties, contact varieties that have emerged from standard language promotion and community second language acquisition (e.g. Xiao 2007). This paper analyses data collected from Weibo, China's online microblogging site, to investigate the language ideologies surrounding these 'non-standard' regional varieties. Two cities (Ningbo and Shanghai) and their local Putonghua varieties are examined: the cities share a similar linguistic background but Shanghai is more economically advanced than its neighbouring city Ningbo, and the language varieties in Shanghai are also believed to have more prestige (Zhou 2001, 246). Discourse analysis on Weibo posts allows us to show how regional Putonghua varieties are portrayed and perceived by laypeople and how they exist as 'non-standard' varieties in the shadow of the strong standard language ideology. These 'non-standard' varieties are associated with rich language ideologies and social meanings and their links to both negative cultural stereotypes and positive local identities often associated with vernacular varieties are also discussed

Analisis Karakter Bahasa Alay Kaum Remaja di Kota Makassar

In daily life, human being can never escape from language. There are two types of languages; the standard language and the non-standard languages. In Indonesia, the standard language is Bahasa Indonesia, while the non-standard languages are the languages of vernacular (local languages) and sub-cultural languages (slang, jargon, etc). Nowadays, most of teenagers use the non-standard language to communicate among their friends, which is called slang. There is a newslang in Indonesia which is called Alay language. The Alay language is popular among teenagers since 2008 until now. The purpose of this study were (1) to know the patterns used to modify Alay Language, (2) to know the effect of using Alay language on the standard form of Indonesian language, and (3) to find out the purpose of Alay Language used by teenagers in Makassar. This research uses descriptive analysis method. The research data were taken from the conversations that contained of Alay\u27s words, which were previously made on the internet by Facebook social network users. Other supporting data were the questionnaires. The results of this study indicated that (1) There were no standard rules in modifying Alay Language, but the most common process was Substitution Process with a frequency of 38%. (2) The use of Alay Language had both the positive and negative effects on the existence of standard language, Indonesian language. (3) One of the reasons of using the Alay language was to be called “cool”

Using Parsimonious Language Models on Web Data

In this paper we explore the use of parsimonious language models for web retrieval. These models are smaller thus more efficient than the standard language models and are therefore well suited for large-scale web retrieval. We have conducted experiments on four TREC topic sets, and found that the parsimonious language model results in improvement of retrieval effectiveness over the standard language model for all data-sets and measures. In all cases the improvement is significant, and more substantial than in earlier experiments\ud on newspaper/newswire data

Requirement for a standard language for test and ground operations

The basic requirements for a standard test and checkout language applicable to all phases of the space shuttle test and ground operations are determined. The general characteristics outlined here represent the integration of selected ideas and concepts from operational elements within Kennedy Space Center (KSC) that represent diverse disciplines associated with space vehicle testing and launching operations. Special reference is made to two studies conducted in this area for KSC as authorized by the Advanced Development Element of the Office of Manned Space Flight (MSF). Information contained in reports from these studies have contributed significantly to the final selection of language features depicted in this technical report

[v]at is going on? Local and global ideologies about Indian English

ABSTRACTThis article examines local and global language ideologies surrounding a particular phonetic feature in Indian English, the pronunciation of /v/ as [w]. By focusing on how local and global participants – both individuals and institutions – imagine language variation through disparate framings of “neutral” and “standard,” it highlights how processes of globalization and localization are interconnected, dialogic, and symbiotic. Compared are (i) sociolinguistic constructions of Indian cartoon characters, (ii) American “accent training” institutes, (iii) Indian call center and language improvement books, (iv) American speakers’ interpretations of merged IE speech, and, (v) IE speakers’ attitudes about IE, “neutral,” and ”standard” language. The relative social capital of these populations mediates both how each constructs its respective ideology about language variation, and how these ideologies dialogically interact with each other. (Language variation, language ideologies, dialogic, standard language)1</jats:p

Eliminating social inequality by reinforcing standard language ideology? Language policy for Dutch in Flemish schools

Flanders, the northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, is facing a growing intra- and interlingual diversity. On the intralingual level, Tussentaal ('in-between-language') emerged as a cluster of intermediate varieties between the Flemish dialects and Standard Dutch, gradually becoming the colloquial language. At the same time, Flanders counts a growing number of immigrants and languages. This paper analyses the way Flemish language-in-education policy deals with these (perceived) problems of substandardisation and multilingualism, in order to create equal opportunities for all pupils, regardless of their native language or social background. Both the policy and the measures it proposes are strongly influenced by different, yet intertwined ideologies of standardisation and monolingualism. By propagating Standard Dutch as the only acceptable language (variety) and denying all forms of language diversity, Flemish language-in-education policy not only fails to create equal opportunities, but reinforces ideologies that maintain inequality. Instead, language policy should be open towards language diversity, taking the role of teachers in forming and implementing policies into consideration

TRANSITION THROUGH ACCULTURATIONAMONG ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE, AND HOW IS ABOUT OUR IDENTITY ?

This paper will be talking about the possible thing that will happen trough our languages since the issue of globalization. Hence there is a lot of presumption about the transition that will occur in our language which might affect so much to the nation identity, we already know how popular English language is among our society and the prestige along the English language itself.Yes, indeed the English language probably will take over the standard language that we have “Indonesian language”, of course this statement is logical. hence there a lot of people that cannot write or speak Indonesian in standard or grammatically and rare from the people to use the standard language, this is because the infiltration of other language especially English and the cultural that it’s taken from English language itself, so this paper will definitely give the reason among the language itself related each culture of the language itself (Indonesian language and English language) with synchronic and diachronic analysis

KEMAMPUAN PENGGUNAAN BAHASA BAKU MAHASISWA PROGRM STUDI BAHASA INDONESIA IKIP SILIWANGI DI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM

This article describes the results of research on the use of standard language among Indonesian Language students IKIP Siliwangi. This research is motivated by the number of writing captions on instagram that do not pay attention to the standard language in accordance with the rules of language. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine the ability of students of Indonesian Language Study Program IKIP Siliwangi in standard language skills. which is focused on this research is the writing of my language in instagram caption. The results showed only 13.8% of students using standard language in writing the standard language and 86.2% of students do not use standard language in writing captions in instagram. This result shows that the ability to use standard language among Indonesian students of IKIP siliwangi is still low and there needs to be an increase in interest in improving the habit of writing standard language either especially in writing captions in instagram

KEMAMPUAN PENGGUNAAN BAHASA BAKU MAHASISWA PROGRM STUDI BAHASA INDONESIA IKIP SILIWANGI DI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM

This article describes the results of research on the use of standard language among Indonesian Language students IKIP Siliwangi. This research is motivated by the number of writing captions on instagram that do not pay attention to the standard language in accordance with the rules of language. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine the ability of students of Indonesian Language Study Program IKIP Siliwangi in standard language skills. which is focused on this research is the writing of my language in instagram caption. The results showed only 13.8% of students using standard language in writing the standard language and 86.2% of students do not use standard language in writing captions in instagram. This result shows that the ability to use standard language among Indonesian students of IKIP siliwangi is still low and there needs to be an increase in interest in improving the habit of writing standard language either especially in writing captions in instagram