A Novel PMSM Hybrid Sensorless Control Strategy for EV Applications Based on PLL and HFI

In this paper, a novel hybrid sensorless control strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) drives applied to Electric Vehicles (EV) is presented. This sensorless strategy covers the EV full speed range and also has speed reversal capability. It combines a High Frequency Injection (HFI) technique for low and zero speeds, and a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for the medium and high speed regions. A solution to achieve smooth transitions between the PLL and the HFI strategies is also proposed, allowing to correctly detect the rotor position polarity when HFI takes part. Wide speed and torque four-quadrant simulation results are provided, which validate the proposed sensorless strategy for being further implemented in EV.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Three-Level Reduced Switch AC/DC/AC Power Conversion System for High Voltage Electric Vehicles

Two of the main challenges of recent electric vehicles (EVs) are the charging time and high initial cost. To solve the problem associated with long charging time, the car manufacturers are moving from 400 V battery EV (BEV) to 800 V BEV, which enables the utilization of multi-level converters in EV applications. This paper presents a power conversion system consisting of a Vienna rectifier and a two/three level hybrid inverter as a machine-side inverter to drive a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The Vienna rectifier improves the quality of the grid-side current and provides a regulated DC-link voltage. The proposed inverter, known as a 10-switch inverter, offers high output current quality with a lower number of active switches, making it compact and cost-effective. The field-oriented control (FOC), along with the SPWM modulation, is implemented to control the system. A reliable and cost-effective PMSM drive system demands sensorless control; therefore, a sliding mode observer (SMO) is used to estimate the rotor position and velocity. The accuracy of the proposed system was proved through the simulation results from MATLAB/Simulink.© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Some Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Sensorless Control Methods based on Operation Speed Area

This paper compares some sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) controls for driving an electric vehicle in terms of operating speed. Sensorless control is a type of control method in which sensors, such as speed and position sensors, are not used to measure controlled variables.  The controlled variable value is estimated from the stator current measurement. Sensorless control performance is not as good as a sensor-based system. This paper aims are to recommend a control method for the PMSM sensorless controls that would be used to drive an electric vehicle. The methods that we will discuss are divided into four categories based on the operation speed area.  They are a startup, low speed, high speed, and low and high-speed areas. The low and high-speed area will be divided into with and without switching.  If PMSM more work at high speed, the most speed area that is used, we prefer to choose the method that works at high speed, that is, the modification or combination of two or more conventional methods

State-of-art on permanent magnet brushless DC motor drives

Permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motors are the latest choice of researchers due to their high efficiency, silent operation, compact size, high reliability and low maintenance requirements. These motors are preferred for numerous applications; however, most of them require sensorless control of these motors. The operation of PMBLDC motors requires rotor-position sensing for controlling the winding currents. The sensorless control would need estimation of rotor position from the voltage and current signals, which are easy to be sensed. This paper presents a state of art on PMBLDC motor drives with emphasis on sensorless control of these motors

EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF MULTIPHASE SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVES

Multiphase electric machines are attractive in comparison with three-phase ones due to advantages such as fault-tolerant nature, smaller rating per phase and lower torque ripple. More specifically, the machines with multiple three-phase windings are particularly convenient, because they are suitable for standard off-the-shelf three-phase dc/ac converter modules. For instance, they are becoming a serious option for applications such as electric vehicles and wind turbines. On the other hand, in these applications, operation at low power is often required for long time intervals; hence, improving the efficiency under such conditions is highly desired and could save a significant amount of energy in the long term. This dissertation proposes a method to enhance the efficiency of electric drives based on multiple three-phase windings at light load. The number of active legs is selected depending on the required torque at each instant. To ensure that the overall efficiency is effectively optimized, not only the converter losses, but also the stator copper losses, are taken into account. Experimental results verify the theoretical outcomes. Surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) require a position measurement to ensure a high-performance control. To avoid the cost and maintenance associated to position sensors, sensorless methods are often preferred. The approaches based on high-frequency signal injection are currently a well-established solution to obtain an accurate position estimation in SPMSMs. These techniques can be roughly divided into two groups: those based on sinusoidal or on square-wave high-frequency signals. The main drawback of the former is the limitation on the response speed, due to the presence of several low-pass filters (LPFs). On the other hand, the latter methods are sensitive to deadtime effects, and high-frequency closed-loop current control is required to overcome it. This dissertation proposes to improve the sensorless strategies based on sinusoidal high-frequency injection by simplifying the scheme employed to extract the information about the position error. Namely, two LPFs and several multiplications are removed. Such simplification does not only reduce the computational complexity, but also permits to obtain a faster response to the changes in the angle/speed, and hence, a faster closed-loop control. Experimental results based on a SPMSM prove the enhanced functionality of the proposed method with respect to the previous ones based on high-frequency sinusoidal signal injection

Hybrid sensorless permanent magnet synchronous machine four quadrant drive based on direct matrix converter

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) have several advantages, such as high ef¿ciency and low volume and weight, which make them attractive for aerospace applications and high performance servo drives. Matrix Converters (MCs) are an all-silicon alternative, with no bulky reactive elements, to the standard voltage source inverter. The most common control technique for such PMSM MC-fed drives is the so-called Field-Oriented Control (FOC), which requires the permanent magnet ¿ux position to achieve high dynamic performance. Encoders or resolvers are the most common sensing devices used for such a purpose, which not only increases the total cost of the PMSM drive but also adds extra electronics and cabling that may cause failures. This paper investigates and proposes an all range (from zero to full) speed hybrid sensorless FOC. The novelty of this paper relies on the use of a hybrid sensorless four quadrant FOC that averages the needed angle estimation from a model based angle estimator and a voltage pulse test injection angle estimator when feeding the PMSM with an MC instead of a standard voltage source inverter. Speed reversal and load impact simulation results are included, fully supporting the claims made in this paperPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Sensorless Control of a Fault-Tolerant Multi-Level PMSM Drive

This paper presents a new technique to track the saliency position in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) post a single phase open-circuit fault. The PMSM is driven by a fault-tolerant multi-level inverter that is utilized to implement a fault-tolerant control strategy to minimize system performance degradation post the fault.The fault-tolerant multi-level inverter is consisting of a number of insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The dynamic current reponses of the PMSM motor due to the switching actions of these IGBTs are used extract the saliency position. This process is not introducing any modification to the operation of the fault-tolerant multil-level inverter as it uses only the fundamental pulse width modulation (PWM) waveform. Moreover,it considers the modifications introduced to the PMSM motor and the multi-level inverter post the fault.Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy of saliency tracking of a PMSM motor driven by a fault-tolerant four-leg multi-level inverter over a wide range of speeds in the case of a single-phase open circuit fault

New sensorless, efficient optimized and stabilized V/f control for PMSM machines

With the rapid advances in power electronics and motor drive technologies in recent decades, permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) have found extensive applications in a variety of industrial systems due to its many desirable features such as high power density, high efficiency, and high torque to current ratio, low noise, and robustness. In low dynamic applications like pumps, fans and compressors where the motor speed is nearly constant, usage of a simple control algorithm that can be implemented with least number of the costly external hardware can be highly desirable for industry. In recent published works, for low power PMSMs, a new sensorless volts-per-hertz (V/f) controlling method has been proposed which can be used for PMSM drive applications where the motor speed is constant. Moreover, to minimize the cost of motor implementation, the expensive rotor damper winding was eliminated. By removing the damper winding, however, instability problems normally occur inside of the motor which in some cases can be harmful for a PMSM drive. As a result, to address the instability issue, a stabilizing loop was developed and added to the conventional V/f. By further studying the proposed sensorless stabilized V/f, and calculating power loss, it became known that overall motor efficiency still is needed to be improved and optimized. This thesis suggests a new V/f control method for PMSMs, where both efficiency and stability problems are addressed. Also, although in nearly all recent related research, methods have been applied to low power PMSM, for the first time, in this thesis, the suggested method is implemented for a medium power 15 kW PMSM. A C2000 F2833x Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is used as controller part for the student custom built PMSM drive, but instead of programming the DSP in Assembly or C, the main control algorithm was developed in a rapid prototype software environment which here Matlab Simulink embedded code library is used --Abstract, page iii

Torque Control

This book is the result of inspirations and contributions from many researchers, a collection of 9 works, which are, in majority, focalised around the Direct Torque Control and may be comprised of three sections: different techniques for the control of asynchronous motors and double feed or double star induction machines, oriented approach of recent developments relating to the control of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, and special controller design and torque control of switched reluctance machine

A reduced-order position observer with stator-resistance adaptation for PMSM drives

A reduced-order position observer with stator-resistance adaptation is proposed for motion-sensorless permanent-magnet synchronous motor drives. A general analytical solution for the stabilizing observer gain and stability conditions for the stator-resistance adaptation are derived. Under these conditions, the local stability of the position and stator-resistance estimation is guaranteed at every operating point except the zero frequency, if other motor parameters are known. The proposed observer design is experimentally tested using a 2.2-kW motor drive; stable operation at very low speeds under different loading conditions is demonstrated.Peer reviewe