Coordination of Dynamic Software Components with JavaBIP

JavaBIP allows the coordination of software components by clearly separating the functional and coordination aspects of the system behavior. JavaBIP implements the principles of the BIP component framework rooted in rigorous operational semantics. Recent work both on BIP and JavaBIP allows the coordination of static components defined prior to system deployment, i.e., the architecture of the coordinated system is fixed in terms of its component instances. Nevertheless, modern systems, often make use of components that can register and deregister dynamically during system execution. In this paper, we present an extension of JavaBIP that can handle this type of dynamicity. We use first-order interaction logic to define synchronization constraints based on component types. Additionally, we use directed graphs with edge coloring to model dependencies among components that determine the validity of an online system. We present the software architecture of our implementation, provide and discuss performance evaluation results.Comment: Technical report that accompanies the paper accepted at the 14th International Conference on Formal Aspects of Component Softwar

Statistical analysis of CARMA models: an advanced tutorial

CARMA (Collective Adaptive Resource-sharing Markovian Agents) is a process-algebra-based quantitative language developed for the modeling of collective adaptive systems. A CARMA model consists of an environment in which a collective of components with attribute stores interact via unicast and broadcast communication, providing a rich modeling formalism. The semantics of a CARMA model are given by a continuous-time Markov chain which can be simulated using the CARMA Eclipse Plug-in. Furthermore, statistical model checking can be applied to the trajectories generated through simulation using the MultiVeStA tool. This advanced tutorial will introduce some of the theory behind CARMA and MultiVeStA as well as demonstrate its application to collective adaptive system modeling

Formal Design of Cloud Computing Systems in Maude

Cloud computing systems are complex distributed systems whose design is challenging for two main reasons: (1) since they are distributed systems, a correct design is very hard to achieve by testing alone; and (2) cloud computing applications have high availability and performance requirements; but these are hard to measure before implementation and hard to compare between different implementations. This paper summarizes our experience in using formal specification in Maude and model checking analysis to quickly explore the design space of a cloud computing system to achieve a high quality design that: (1) has verified correctness guarantees; (2) has better performance properties than other design alternatives so explored; (3) can be achieved before an actual implementation; and (4) can be used for both rapid prototyping and for automatic code generation.Ope

Interpolation Is (Not Always) Easy to Spoil

We study a version of the Craig interpolation theorem as formulated in the framework of the theory of institutions. This formulation proved crucial in the development of a number of key results concerning foundations of software specification and formal development. We investigate preservation of interpolation under extensions of institutions by new models and sentences. We point out that some interpolation properties remain stable under such extensions, even if quite arbitrary new models or sentences are permitted. We give complete characterisations of such situations for institution extensions by new models, by new sentences, as well as by new models and sentences, respectively

Combining Runtime Checking and Slicing to Improve Maude Error Diagnosis

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23165-5_3This paper introduces the idea of using assertion checking for enhancing the dynamic slicing of Maude computation traces. Since trace slicing can greatly simplify the size and complexity of the analyzed traces, our methodology can be useful for improving the diagnosis of erroneous Maude programs. The proposed methodology is based on (i) a logical notation for specifying two types of user-defined assertions that are imposed on execution runs: functional assertions and system assertions; (ii) a runtime checking technique that dynamically tests the assertions and is provably safe in the sense that all errors flagged are definite violations of the specifications; and (iii) a mechanism based on equational least general generalization that automatically derives accurate criteria for slicing from falsified assertions.This work has been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish MINECO project ref. TIN2013-45732-C4-01 (DAMAS), and by Generalitat Valenciana ref. PROMETEOII/2015/013 (SmartLogic). F. Frechina was supported by FPU-ME grant AP2010-5681, and J. Sapiña was supported by FPI-UPV grant SP2013-0083.Alpuente Frasnedo, M.; Ballis, D.; Frechina Navarro, F.; Sapiña Sanchis, J. (2015). Combining Runtime Checking and Slicing to Improve Maude Error Diagnosis. En Logic, Rewriting, and Concurrency. Essays Dedicated to José Meseguer on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday. 72-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23165-5_3S7296Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Espert, J., Romero, D.: Backward trace slicing for rewriting logic theories. In: Bjørner, N., Sofronie-Stokkermans, V. (eds.) CADE 2011. LNCS, vol. 6803, pp. 34–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Frechina, F., Romero, D.: Backward trace slicing for conditional rewrite theories. In: Bjørner, N., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR-18 2012. LNCS, vol. 7180, pp. 62–76. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Frechina, F., Romero, D.: Julienne: a trace slicer for conditional rewrite theories. In: Giannakopoulou, D., Méry, D. (eds.) FM 2012. LNCS, vol. 7436, pp. 28–32. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Frechina, F., Romero, D.: Using conditional trace slicing for improving Maude programs. Sci. Comput. Program. 80, Part B:385–415 (2014)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Frechina, F., Sapiña, J.: Slicing-based trace analysis of rewriting logic specifications with $$I$$ Julienne. In: Felleisen, M., Gardner, P. (eds.) ESOP 2013. LNCS, vol. 7792, pp. 121–124. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Frechina, F., Sapiña, J.: Inspecting rewriting logic computations (in a Parametric and Stepwise Way). In: Iida, S., Meseguer, J., Ogata, K. (eds.) Specification, Algebra, and Software. LNCS, vol. 8373, pp. 229–255. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Frechina, F., Sapiña, J.: Debugging Maude programs via runtime assertion checking and trace slicing. Technical report, Department of Computer Systems and Computation, Universitat Politècnica de València (2015). http://safe-tools.dsic.upv.es/abets/abets-tr.pdfAlpuente, M., Ballis, D., Frechina, F., Sapiña, J.: Exploring conditional rewriting logic computations. J. Symbolic Comput. 69, 3–39 (2015)Alpuente, M., Escobar, S., Espert, J., Meseguer, J.: A modular order-sorted equational generalization algorithm. Inf. Comput. 235, 98–136 (2014)Baader, F., Snyder, W.: Unification Theory. In: Robinson, J.A., Voronkov, A. (eds.) Handbook of Automated Reasoning, vol. I, pp. 447–533. Elsevier Science (2001)Bruni, R., Meseguer, J.: Semantic foundations for generalized rewrite theories. Theor. Comput. Sci. 360(1–3), 386–414 (2006)Clarke, L.A., Rosenblum, D.S.: A historical perspective on runtime assertion checking in software development. ACM SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes 31(3), 25–37 (2006)Clavel, M., Durán, F., Eker, S., Lincoln, P., Martí-Oliet, N., Meseguer, J., Talcott, C.: All About Maude - A High-Performance Logical Framework. LNCS. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)Clavel, M., Durán, F., Eker, S., Lincoln, P., Martí-Oliet, N., Meseguer, J., Talcott, C.: Maude Manual (Version 2.6). Technical report, SRI International Computer Science Laboratory (2011). http://maude.cs.uiuc.edu/maude2-manual/Durán, F., Meseguer, J.: A Maude coherence checker tool for conditional order-sorted rewrite theories. In: Ölveczky, P.C. (ed.) WRLA 2010. LNCS, vol. 6381, pp. 86–103. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)Durán, F., Roldán, M., Vallecillo, A.: Invariant-driven strategies for Maude. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 124(2), 17–28 (2005)Goguen, J.A., Meseguer, J.: Equality, types, modules, and (why not?) generics for logic programming. J. Logic Program. 1(2), 179–210 (1984)Goguen, J.A., Meseguer, J.: Unifying functional, object-oriented and relational programming with logical semantics. In: Agha, G., Wegner, P., Yonezawa, A. (eds.), Research Directions in Object-Oriented Programming, pp. 417–478. The MIT Press (1987)Klop, J.W.: Term rewriting systems. In: Abramsky, S., Gabbay, D., Maibaum, T. (eds.), Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, vol. I, pp. 1–112. Oxford University Press (1992)Korel, B., Laski, J.: Dynamic program slicing. Inf. Process. Lett. 29(3), 155–163 (1988)Lassez, J.L., Maher, M.J., Marriott, K.: Unification Revisited. In: Minker, J. (ed.) Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming, pp. 587–625. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, California (1988)Leavens, G.T., Cheon, Y.: Design by Contract with JML (2005). http://www.eecs.ucf.edu/ leavens/JML/jmldbc.pdfMartí-Oliet, N., Palomino, M., Verdejo, A.: Rewriting logic bibliography by topic: 1990–2011. J. Logic Algebraic Program. 81(7–8), 782–815 (2012)Meseguer, J.: Conditional rewriting logic as a unified model of concurrency. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 96(1), 73–155 (1992)Meseguer, J.: Multiparadigm logic programming. In: Kirchner, H., Levi, G. (eds.) ALP 1992. LNCS, vol. 632, pp. 158–200. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)Rocha, C., Meseguer, J., Muñoz, C.: Rewriting modulo SMT and open system analysis. In: Escobar, S. (ed.) WRLA 2014. LNCS, vol. 8663, pp. 247–262. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)Roşu, G.: From Rewriting Logic, to Programming Language Semantics, to Program Verification. In: Martí-Oliet, N., Ölveczky, P.C., Talcott, C., (eds.) Logic, Rewriting, and Concurrency. LNCS, vol. 9200, pp. 598–616. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)Roldán, M., Durán, F., Vallecillo, A.: Invariant-driven specifications in Maude. Sci. Comput. Program. 74(10), 812–835 (2009)TeReSe. Term Rewriting Systems. Cambridge University Press (2003

Inspecting rewriting logic computations (in a parametric and stepwise way)

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54624-2_12Trace inspection is concerned with techniques that allow the trace content to be searched for specific components. This paper presents a rich and highly dynamic, parameterized technique for the trace inspection of Rewriting Logic theories that allows the non-deterministic execution of a given unconditional rewrite theory to be followed up in different ways. Using this technique, an analyst can browse, slice, filter, or search the traces as they come to life during the program execution. Starting from a selected state in the computation tree, the navigation of the trace is driven by a user-defined, inspection criterion that specifies the required exploration mode. By selecting different inspection criteria, one can automatically derive a family of practical algorithms such as program steppers and more sophisticated dynamic trace slicers that facilitate the dynamic detection of control and data dependencies across the computation tree. Our methodology, which is implemented in the Anima graphical tool, allows users to capture the impact of a given criterion thereby facilitating the detection of improper program behaviors.This work has been partially supported by the EU (FEDER), the Spanish MEC project ref. TIN2010-21062-C02-02, the Spanish MICINN complementary action ref. TIN2009-07495-E, and by Generalitat Valenciana ref. PROMETEO2011/052. This work was carried out during the tenure of D. Ballis’ ERCIM “Alain Bensoussan ”Postdoctoral Fellowship. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n. 246016. F. Frechina was supported by FPU-ME grant AP2010-5681.Alpuente Frasnedo, M.; Ballis, D.; Frechina, F.; Sapiña Sanchis, J. (2014). Inspecting rewriting logic computations (in a parametric and stepwise way). En Specification, algebra, and software: essays dedicated to Kokichi Futatsugi. Springer Verlag (Germany). 229-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54624-2_12S229255Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Baggi, M., Falaschi, M.: A Fold/Unfold Transformation Framework for Rewrite Theories extended to CCT. In: Proc. PEPM 2010, pp. 43–52. ACM (2010)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Espert, J., Romero, D.: Model-checking Web Applications with Web-TLR. In: Bouajjani, A., Chin, W.-N. (eds.) ATVA 2010. LNCS, vol. 6252, pp. 341–346. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Espert, J., Romero, D.: Backward Trace Slicing for Rewriting Logic Theories. In: Bjørner, N., Sofronie-Stokkermans, V. (eds.) CADE 2011. LNCS, vol. 6803, pp. 34–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Frechina, F., Sapiña, J.: Slicing-Based Trace Analysis of Rewriting Logic Specifications with iJulienne. In: Felleisen, M., Gardner, P. (eds.) ESOP 2013. LNCS, vol. 7792, pp. 121–124. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Frechina, F., Romero, D.: Using Conditional Trace Slicing for improving Maude programs. Science of Computer Programming (2013) (to appear)Alpuente, M., Ballis, D., Romero, D.: A Rewriting Logic Approach to the Formal Specification and Verification of Web applications. Science of Computer Programming (2013) (to appear)Baggi, M., Ballis, D., Falaschi, M.: Quantitative Pathway Logic for Computational Biology. In: Degano, P., Gorrieri, R. (eds.) CMSB 2009. LNCS, vol. 5688, pp. 68–82. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)Bruni, R., Meseguer, J.: Semantic Foundations for Generalized Rewrite Theories. Theoretical Computer Science 360(1-3), 386–414 (2006)Clavel, M., Durán, F., Eker, S., Lincoln, P., Martí-Oliet, N., Meseguer, J., Talcott, C.: Maude Manual (Version 2.6). Technical report, SRI Int’l Computer Science Laboratory (2011), http://maude.cs.uiuc.edu/maude2-manual/Clements, J., Flatt, M., Felleisen, M.: Modeling an Algebraic Stepper. In: Sands, D. (ed.) ESOP 2001. LNCS, vol. 2028, pp. 320–334. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)Durán, F., Meseguer, J.: A Maude Coherence Checker Tool for Conditional Order-Sorted Rewrite Theories. In: Ölveczky, P.C. (ed.) WRLA 2010. LNCS, vol. 6381, pp. 86–103. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)Eker, S.: Associative-Commutative Matching via Bipartite Graph Matching. The Computer Journal 38(5), 381–399 (1995)Eker, S.: Associative-Commutative Rewriting on Large Terms. In: Nieuwenhuis, R. (ed.) RTA 2003. LNCS, vol. 2706, pp. 14–29. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)Klop, J.W.: Term Rewriting Systems. In: Abramsky, S., Gabbay, D., Maibaum, T. (eds.) Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, vol. I, pp. 1–112. Oxford University Press (1992)Martí-Oliet, N., Meseguer, J.: Rewriting Logic: Roadmap and Bibliography. Theoretical Computer Science 285(2), 121–154 (2002)Meseguer, J.: Conditional Rewriting Logic as a Unified Model of Concurrency. Theoretical Computer Science 96(1), 73–155 (1992)Meseguer, J.: The Temporal Logic of Rewriting: A Gentle Introduction. In: Degano, P., De Nicola, R., Meseguer, J. (eds.) Montanari Festschrift. LNCS, vol. 5065, pp. 354–382. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)Plotkin, G.D.: The Origins of Structural Operational Semantics. The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming 60-61(1), 3–15 (2004)Riesco, A., Verdejo, A., Caballero, R., Martí-Oliet, N.: Declarative Debugging of Rewriting Logic Specifications. In: Corradini, A., Montanari, U. (eds.) WADT 2008. LNCS, vol. 5486, pp. 308–325. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)Riesco, A., Verdejo, A., Martí-Oliet, N.: Declarative Debugging of Missing Answers for Maude. In: Proc. RTA 2010. LIPIcs, vol. 6, pp. 277–294 (2010)TeReSe. Term Rewriting Systems. Cambridge University Press (2003

Functional BIP: Embedding connectors in functional programming languages

This paper presents a theoretical foundation for functional language implementations of Behaviour–Interaction–Priority (BIP). We introduce a set of connector combinators describing synchronisation, data transfer, priorities and dynamicity in a principled way. A static type system ensures the soundness of connector semantics. Based on this foundation, we implemented BIP as an embedded domain specific language (DSL) in Haskell and Scala. The DSL embedding allows programmers to benefit from the full expressive power of high-level languages. The clear separation of behaviour and coordination inherited from BIP leads to systems that are arguably simpler to maintain and reason about, compared to other approaches

A Constructor-Based Reachability Logic for Rewrite Theories

Reachability logic has been applied to K rewrite-rule-based language definitions as a language-generic logic of programs. It has been proved successful in verifying a wide range of sophisticated programs in conventional languages. Here we study how reachability logic can be made not just language-generic, but rewrite-theory-generic to make it available not just for conventional program verification, but also to verify rewriting-logic-based programs and distributed system designs. A theory-generic reachability logic is presented and proved sound for a wide class of rewrite theories. Particular attention is given to increasing the logic's automation by means of constructor-based semantic unification, matching, and satisfiability procedures. The relationships to Hoare logic and LTL are discussed, new methods for proving invariants of possibly never terminating distributed systems are developed, and experiments with a prototype implementation illustrating the new methods are presented.Partially supported by NSF Grants CNS 13-19109 and CNS 14-09416, and AFOSR Contract FA8750-11-2-0084.Ope

Confluence in UnTyped Higher-Order Theories by means of Critical Pairs

User-defined higher-order rewrite rules are becoming a standard in proof assistants based on intuitionistic type theory. This raises the question of proving that they preserve the properties of beta-reductions for the corresponding type systems. We develop here techniques that reduce confluence proofs to the checking of various forms of critical pairs for higher-order rewrite rules extending beta-reduction on pure lambda-terms. The present paper concentrates on the case where rewrite rules are left-linear and critical pairs can be joined without using beta-rewrite steps. The other two cases will be addressed in forthcoming papers