Coadministration of tizanidine and ciprofloxacin: a retrospective analysis of the WHO pharmacovigilance database

Purpose: Tizanidine, an alpha-adrenergic substance with antinociceptive and antihypertensive effects, is extensively metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2. Therefore, coadministration with potent CYP1A2 inhibitors, such as ciprofloxacin, is contraindicated. However, both drugs are broadly utilized in various countries. Their concomitant use bears an inherent high risk for clinically significant symptoms, especially in multimorbid patients experiencing polypharmacy. This study aims to investigate the impact of coadministration of tizanidine and ciprofloxacin using real-world pharmacovigilance data and to raise awareness of this potentially underestimated safety issue. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR) registered until March 1, 2017, in the World Health Organization (WHO) global database. Demographic data, drug administration information, the course of the adverse drug reaction (ADR), its severity, and outcomes were analyzed for cases reporting ciprofloxacin comedication. Results: In 91 (2.0%) of the identified 4192 worldwide ICSR on tizanidine, coadministration of ciprofloxacin was reported. Most of the patients were female (n = 59, 64.8%) with a median age of 54 years (range 13-85 years). The countries contributing most reports were the USA (n = 54, 59.3%) and Switzerland (n = 16, 17.6%). ADRs reported most often affected the nervous system and the cardiac function, especially with large tizanidine doses or drugs with CNS and cardiovascular depressant effects. In two cases, a fatal outcome was reported. Conclusion: Despite the existing formal contraindication, the concomitant use of tizanidine and ciprofloxacin can be observed in real-world clinical practice. Reactions mainly affected the central nervous and the cardiovascular system resulting in potentially severe adverse effects. The concomitant use of tizanidine and ciprofloxacin should absolutely be avoided. Keywords: Adverse reaction; Cytochrome P450; Drug interaction; Pharmacokinetics; Sirdalu

The ethics of researching ‘terrorism’ and political violence:a sociological approach

In this article, we propose a sociological model for the assessment of ethics in research on conflict and terrorism. We move beyond the rather narrow, procedural approaches that currently dominate contemporary discussion, seeking to broaden ethical considerations to include questions of social power, academic freedom, and the politics of knowledge production, as well as a consideration of the public function of the university. We argue that social scientists have both a professional responsibility to protect the integrity of scientific knowledge, and public responsibilities to the wider societies of which they are part. Navigating ethical questions, we suggest, therefore requires a reflexive engagement with the social conditions of knowledge production; a careful consideration of the social impact of research; and a dialogue with a variety of ‘publics’, not merely policy actors. The main body of the paper reviews the range of writing on the ethics of ‘terrorism studies’, engages with the question of institutional oversight and then examines the ethics of the current ‘impact agenda’ in UK universities. We conclude by drawing on our empirical findings and applying them to our proposed model to argue for: a significant revision to ethical policies and guidelines (and better means of enforcement) so as to better protect vulnerable research subjects; offer greater protections to researchers from (especially) powerful interests which attempt to smear, constrain or undermine independent research; make unethical research (which we argue is widespread) more visible, with the intent that it be managed down

Currency innovation for sustainable financing of SMEs: context, case study and scalability

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the topic of complementary currencies to the academy engaged in research on corporate responsibility and responsible finance, as well as the broader field of progressive management studies. It responds to the growing awareness that both managers and researchers need to address a systemic challenge of our time, concerning stagnating economies and growing inequality. An underlying cause of that problem is identified as mainstream monetary systems and the implications for inadequate financing of SMEs and microenterprises. The potential of currency innovation, from cryptographic currencies like Bitcoin, to local currencies and then to commercial barter and countertrade are discussed. Given the novelty of these phenomena for management studies in general and corporate responsibility in particular, an interdisciplinary literature review is presented. Then a case study of a complementary currency in an informal settlement in Kenya is presented and implications for the wider adoption of useful new currencies discussed. It concludes therefore that SMEs need certain types of complementary currency more than others and proposes that companies can engage in currencies as part of their corporate responsibility programmes as well as for direct business benefit

Currency innovation for sustainable financing of SMEs: context, case study and scalability

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the topic of complementary currencies to the academy engaged in research on corporate responsibility and responsible finance, as well as the broader field of progressive management studies. It responds to the growing awareness that both managers and researchers need to address a systemic challenge of our time, concerning stagnating economies and growing inequality. An underlying cause of that problem is identified as mainstream monetary systems and the implications for inadequate financing of SMEs and microenterprises. The potential of currency innovation, from cryptographic currencies like Bitcoin, to local currencies and then to commercial barter and countertrade are discussed. Given the novelty of these phenomena for management studies in general and corporate responsibility in particular, an interdisciplinary literature review is presented. Then a case study of a complementary currency in an informal settlement in Kenya is presented and implications for the wider adoption of useful new currencies discussed. It concludes therefore that SMEs need certain types of complementary currency more than others and proposes that companies can engage in currencies as part of their corporate responsibility programmes as well as for direct business benefit

Individual case safety reports by nursing staff: a retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis

Background: The burden of adverse drug reactions is high and accounts for considerable morbidity which can be prevented if healthcare professionals have proper knowledge. Early and spontaneous reporting of ADRs is the mainstay of pharmacovigilance program. Since staff nurses are closely involved in direct patient care, they can easily identify ADRs in the early stage. This study was done to assess the extent of participation of nurses in pharmacovigilance program in our institution.Methods: Retrospective observational study was conducted by analyzing the 210 Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR) of 2years duration. Causality assessment in the ICSR was analyzed. Severity of the reactions was categorized into mild, moderate and severe according to Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. Descriptive statistics were used.Results: There were 177 cases reported by faculties and 33 were by the staff nurses.19 nurses reported 33 adverse effects (1:1.7) whereas 41 faculties 177 events (1:4). On analyzing the severity of reactions, 188 cases were categorized as moderate (89.5%), 20 mild (9.5%) and 2 severe (1%). In moderate category of 188 reports, 82 % reporting was by faculties and 18% by staff nurses. All the 33 reports by nurses were of moderate category (100%). In the mild and severe category, 100% reporting was by faculties. Causality analysis showed that 194 were classified as probable (92%), 14 as Possible (7%) and 2as certain (1%). In probable category 85% of reporting was by faculties and 15% by nurses, in possible group 71 % by faculties and 29% by nurses and 100% by faculties in severe category.Conclusions: Training and dedicated participation of nurses can improve reporting of ICSR

The Mediation Role of Productivity in the Effect of Islamic Corporate Governance on Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure

Research aims: This study aims to examine the indirect effect of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) on Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (ICSR) with productivity as mediation.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used secondary data sourced from annual reports, corporate governance reports, and financial reports of Islamic banking in Indonesia for the period 2008 to 2019, with the criteria of Islamic banks (IBs) that have not been established for 12 years, and observations carried out since they were established until 2019. The sampling technique was done by convenience sampling and obtained 121 observations, and research testing employed regression analysis.Research findings: The results found that banking productivity fully mediated Islamic corporate governance's effect on Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. Thus, good productivity is an absolute requirement that must be fulfilled to carry out a good social function, as reflected in the Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study reaffirms and develops a new model of the relationship between ICG and ICSR disclosure in IBs.Practitioner/Policy implications: This research was conducted based on stakeholder theory, which is later developed into stakeholder theory from an Islamic perspective.Research limitation/Implication: First, this study used the ICG variable and the ICSR disclosure, but the researcher did not discuss the quality of disclosure. Second, this study did not test the reliability of the ICSR disclosure

Penerapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perbankan Syariah Milik Negara dengan Indeks Islamic Social Reporting

The issue of merging Islamic banking in Indonesia is important as an effort to increase market share and competitiveness, while the social responsibility practice of Islamic banking in Indonesia is in the lowest rank among Southeast Asian Muslim countries. Are two things important for public confidence in the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia, which has a less informative predicate and not implementing social activities performance. Purpose this paper to explaine implementation of social responsibility for state-owned Islamic banking. Qualitative descriptive research method using Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) technique from annual reports with purposive sampling technique are BNI Syariah, Bank Syariah Mandiri and BRI Syariah at 2014-2018 using the Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) Index by AAOIFI. The results showed are funding and investment with (68.89%), products and services (91.11%), employees (68.72%), society (75.15%), environment (46.67%), and corporate governance (88.44%), a whole revealed that the social responsibility of state-owned Islamic banking (73.16%). Conclusion predicate of implementing social responsibility is very informative (products and services as well as corporate governance), informative (funding and investment, employees, community) and less informative (environment) so that the implementation of social responsibility in state-owned Islamic banking is informative in the order of BSM, BNI Syariah and BRI Syariah

OVERVIEW OF METHODS SUPPORTING THE DE-RADICALISATION AND DISENGAGEMENT OF ISLAMIC RADICALS

Europe is increasingly struggling to support the reintegration of people who have returned from ISIS-controlled areas and have been adherents of their ideology. There are a variety of methods developed to support the de-radicalisation and disengagement of Islamic radicals. This article provides an overview of the methods and discussion topics used by practitioners in the framework of such deradicalisation and disengagement programmes. The research is based on interviews with experts from Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. As a result, the author has drawn the following conclusions: 1) The selection of methods used for de-radicalisation and disengagement depend on the individual in question. In this context, the most important starting point is to gain an understanding of the factors that contributed to that specific person’s radicalisation and/or involvement in an extremist organisation; 2) The main supportive methods are mentoring, socio-economic aid/assistance, psychological and religious counselling; 3) The discussions with mentors and other sponsors are aimed at developing new perspectives. The main topics of discussion are related to identity, belonging, foreign policy and possible new ventures; whereas the issues of religion and ideology are the focal topics for people whose radicalisation and/or engagement with extremist organisations was motivated primarily by those aspects. Overall, the results indicate that the methods used to support de-radicalisation and disengagement should be tailored to the needs of the individual. However, there is still a lot of work to be done by organisations running such radicalisation and disengagement programmes in order to improve their capacity to deliver a variety of activities to support an individual’s reintegration in a holistic manner

UA12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 91, No. 27

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Henderson, Andrew. Gone in a Flash – Confucius Institute, Faculty Senate Critchelow, Andrew. The 3 Best Albums of Last Month – Music Review And the Award Goes To – Marsupial Awards Winstead, John. Take Cuts from the Top Before Cuts from the Toppers – Budget Kast, Monica. WKU Staff Respond to News of New Employer – Facilities Management, Sodexo Collins, Emma. New Parking Policies for Fall Permits Due to Construction – Parking & Transportation Services Austin, Emma. Flying High: Advertising Students Work to Restore Military Plane Hall, K.J. Volunteer Farming Program Top Crops Ready to Grow – Agriculture Pennington, Savannah. WKU Alumnus Runs for Bowling Green City Commission – Nate Morguelan Kast, Monica. 2 WKU Service Programs to be Consolidated Next Semester – ALIVE Center, Institute for Citizenship & Social Responsibility Frint, Hunter. Lady Toppers to Play Last Home Series Before Championships – Softball Henderson, Andrew. Students, Faculty, Staff Locked Out of Room Where It Happens – Budget Reecer, John. A Look Back at the Year in Sports Porter, Sam. Commandeered – Baseball Stewart, Matt. Potential Playing Time Brings Interest from Recruits – Basketbal