92,878 research outputs found
Modelling the high mass accretion rate spectra of GX 339-4: Black hole spin from reflection?
We extract all the XMM-Newton EPIC pn burst mode spectra of GX 339-4,
together with simultaneous/contemporaneous RXTE data. These include three disc
dominated and two soft intermediate spectra, and the combination of broad
bandpass/moderate spectral resolution gives some of the best data on these
bright soft states in black hole binaries. The disc dominated spectra span a
factor three in luminosity, and all show that the disc emission is broader than
the simplest multicolour disc model. This is consistent with the expected
relativistic smearing and changing colour temperature correction produced by
atomic features in the newest disc models. However, these models do not match
the data at the 5 per cent level as the predicted atomic features are not
present in the data, perhaps indicating that irradiation is important even when
the high energy tail is weak. Whatever the reason, this means that the data
have smaller errors than the best physical disc models, forcing use of more
phenomenological models for the disc emission. We use these for the soft
intermediate state data, where previous analysis using a simple disc continuum
found an extremely broad residual, identified as the red wing of the iron line
from reflection around a highly spinning black hole. However, the iron line
energy is close to where the disc and tail have equal fluxes, so using a
broader disc continuum changes the residual 'iron line' profile dramatically.
With a broader disc continuum model, the inferred line is formed outside of 30
, so cannot constrain black hole spin. We caution that a robust
determination of black hole spin from the iron line profile is very difficult
where the disc makes a significant contribution at the iron line energy i.e. in
most bright black hole states.Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures, published in MNRA
Topics on bar and bulge formation and evolution
I discuss results from the COSMOS survey, showing that the fraction of disc
galaxies that is barred decreases considerably with look-back time from z ~ 0.2
to z ~ 0.8. This decrease is more important for small mass and low luminosity
spirals. Classical bar formation theory provides a promising framework for
understanding these results.
I also discuss the formation of discy bulges using N-body simulations
reproducing well the properties of observed discy bulges. Thus, these simulated
discy bulges have the shape of a disc, they have Sersic profiles with small
values of the shape index and their size is of the order of a kpc. They are
formed by radial inflow of material driven by the bar and are thus composed of
both gas and stars and have a considerable fraction of young stars. They can
harbour spiral structure, or an inner bar.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, contributed paper to the Rome meeting on
"Formation and Evolution of Galaxy Disks", eds, J. Funes, S.J. and E.M.
Corsin
Formation and long-term evolution of 3D vortices in protoplanetary discs
In the context of planet formation, anticyclonic vortices have recently
received lots of attention for the role they can play in planetesimals
formation. Radial migration of intermediate size solids toward the central star
may prevent their growth to larger solid grains. On the other hand, vortices
can trap the dust and accelerate this growth, counteracting fast radial
transport. Multiple effects have been shown to affect this scenario, such as
vortex migration or decay. The aim of this paper is to study the formation of
vortices by the Rossby wave instability and their long term evolution in a full
three dimensional protoplanetary disc. We use a robust numerical scheme
combined with adaptive mesh refinement in cylindrical coordinates, allowing to
affordably compute long term 3D evolutions. We consider a full disc stratified
both radially and vertically that is prone to formation of vortices by the
Rossby wave instability. We show that the 3D Rossby vortices grow and survive
over hundreds of years without migration. The localized overdensity which
initiated the instability and vortex formation survives the growth of the
Rossby wave instability for very long times. When the vortices are no longer
sustained by the Rossby wave instability, their shape changes toward more
elliptical vortices. This allows them to survive shear-driven destruction, but
they may be prone to elliptical instability and slow decay. When the conditions
for growing Rossby wave-related instabilities are maintained in the disc,
large-scale vortices can survive over very long timescales and may be able to
concentrate solids.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Jan Snyman papers
Biographical history and context: Professor Jan Snyman spent most of his life researching the lesser known and marginalised San languages of Botswana and South West Africa (now Namibia). Together with O. Kohler, E. Westphal and A. Traill, he pioneered linguistic studies on these endangered languages of Africa. He contributed significantly in collection of the data that helped classify and understand the grammar of San languages. Snyman also wrote several grammars in the form of monographs and notes on these languages. By the time he died, in 2002, a draft for the Tshwaa and Kua languages had been completed. Content: Linguistic, phonetics and orthography research materials including fonts for phonetic languages. Covering dates: 1967-200
Eat what you hear: Gustasonic discourses and the material culture of commercial sound recording
This article analyzes discursive linkages between acts of listening and eating within a combined multisensory regime that the authors label the gustasonic. Including both marketing discourses mobilized by the commercial music industry and representations of record consumption in popular media texts, gustasonic discourses have shaped forms and experiences of recorded sound culture from the gramophone era to the present. The authors examine three prominent modalities of gustasonic discourse: (1) discourses that position records as edible objects for physical ingestion; (2) discourses that preserve linkages between listening and eating but incorporate musical recordings into the packaging of other foodstuffs; and (3) discourses of gustasonic distinction that position the listener as someone with discriminating taste. While the gustasonic on one hand serves as an aid to consumerism, it can also cultivate a countervailing collecting impulse that resists music’s commodity status and inscribes sound recording within alternative systems of culture value
Evolution of transonicity in an accretion disc
For inviscid, rotational accretion flows driven by a general pseudo-Newtonian
potential on to a Schwarzschild black hole, the only possible fixed points are
saddle points and centre-type points. For the specific choice of the Newtonian
potential, the flow has only two critical points, of which the outer one is a
saddle point while the inner one is a centre-type point. A restrictive upper
bound is imposed on the admissible range of values of the angular momentum of
sub-Keplerian flows through a saddle point. These flows are very unstable to
any deviation from a necessarily precise boundary condition. The difficulties
against the physical realisability of a solution passing through the saddle
point have been addressed through a temporal evolution of the flow, which gives
a non-perturbative mechanism for selecting a transonic solution passing through
the saddle point. An equation of motion for a real-time perturbation about the
stationary flows reveals a very close correspondence with the metric of an
acoustic black hole, which is also an indication of the primacy of
transonicity.Comment: 18 page
Diversity of Zoanthids (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) on Hawaiian Seamounts: Description of the Hawaiian Gold Coral and Additional Zoanthids
The Hawaiian gold coral has a history of exploitation from the deep slopes and seamounts of the Hawaiian Islands as one of the precious corals commercialised in the jewellery industry. Due to its peculiar characteristic of building a scleroproteic skeleton, this zoanthid has been referred as Gerardia sp. (a junior synonym of Savalia Nardo, 1844) but never formally described or examined by taxonomists despite its commercial interest. While collection of Hawaiian gold coral is now regulated, globally seamounts habitats are increasingly threatened by a variety of anthropogenic impacts. However, impact assessment studies and conservation measures cannot be taken without consistent knowledge of the biodiversity of such environments. Recently, multiple samples of octocoral-associated zoanthids were collected from the deep slopes of the islands and seamounts of the Hawaiian Archipelago. The molecular and morphological examination of these zoanthids revealed the presence of at least five different species including the gold coral. Among these only the gold coral appeared to create its own skeleton, two other species are simply using the octocoral as substrate, and the situation is not clear for the final two species. Phylogenetically, all these species appear related to zoanthids of the genus Savalia as well as to the octocoral-associated zoanthid Corallizoanthus tsukaharai, suggesting a common ancestor to all octocoral-associated zoanthids. The diversity of zoanthids described or observed during this study is comparable to levels of diversity found in shallow water tropical coral reefs. Such unexpected species diversity is symptomatic of the lack of biological exploration and taxonomic studies of the diversity of seamount hexacorals
Orthopaedic surgery
Over the past fifty years orthopaedic surgery made giant strides forward. It developed from a discipline that dealt primarily with the treatment of fractures, bone infections and tendon transfers and that treated degenerate joints by fusing them to one of such sophistication as to be able to treat fractures by internal fixation and early mobilisation. It is now possible to replace most joints in the body and to benefit from the results of stem cell research that hold promise of yet further exciting developments, the more important but by no means exclusive advances in orthopaedic surgery are presented.peer-reviewe
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