Virtual Articulator – Aid Simulator at Diagnosis, Pre-Surgical Planning and Monitoring of Bucomaxilofacial Treatment

This work presents a system for use in dentistry and medicine, that allows advance in diagnosis and planning of treatments and surgical procedures, in cases that involves the Temporomandibular Joint, TMJ. Construction of Virtual Articulator includes related research areas of computer graphics, virtual reality and medicine and tends to become a new paradigm as a tool because it will simulate and reproduce the movements of the TMJ in a realistic way, allowing a complete analysis of the case under treatment. It is a software which comes to replace and increase in an innovative way the work done by mechanical articulators. Initially Virtual Articulator reconstructs the TMJ virtually, generating a 3D model, starting from exams such as Computed Tomography and Magnetic Ressonance. Once it is obtained a virtual copy of the TMJ, software simulates real mandible movements, with great flexibility and facility of parameterization. Virtual joints model is based on points captured from the motion curve of lower incisor point. Contribution of each muscle in temporomandibular movement is approached from Hill actuators model and the new concept of curves of insertion. It will be possible to analyze in depth a particular case in a diagnostic phase or predict the results of the surgical procedure

Morfología ósea de la articulación temporomandibular en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson

El propósito de este estudio fue investigar las Alteraciones Morfológicas de la Articulación Temporomandibular en pacientes con la Enfermedad de Parkinson. Determinando la relación cóndilo-fosa, la posición concéntrica de los cóndilos y las simetrías dimensionales y posicionales entre los cóndilos derecho e izquierdo. Métodos: 20 sujetos de 45 a 80 años de edad con tiempo de Enfermedad de Parkinson de 6 a 9 años. Se les realizo una tomografía computarizada de las articulaciones temporomandibulares. Las imágenes obtenidas a partir de cortes axiales se evaluaron para posibles asimetrías en el tamaño y la posición entre los procesos condilares. Asi mismo, se utilizaron cortes sagitales para evaluar la profundidad de la fosa mandibular, la relación cóndilo-fosa, y la posición concéntrica de los cóndilos en pacientes con la Enfermedad de Parkinson. Se decidió emplear la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes o la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Todas las pruebas se trabajaron a un nivel de significancia de 5%. Resultados: No se encontraron asimetrías significativas tanto para los cóndilo y cavidad glenoidea en esta muestra. El 90% no posee centro geométrico, existe una diferencia de 2,45 mm. Evaluación de la posición concéntrica de los cóndilos en su fosa mandibular mostró posicionamiento no concéntrico para los 2 lados. Palabras clave: Morfología, Enfermedad de Parkinson, Articulación Temporomandibular.--- The purpose of this study was to investigate the Morphological Alterations of temporomandibular joint in patients with Parkinson's Disease. Determining condyle-fossa relationship, concentric position of the condyles and the dimensional and positional symmetries between the right and left condyles. Methods: 20 subjects 45-80 years of age with Parkinson's Disease time of 6-9 years. They performed a CT scan of the temporomandibular joints. The images obtained from axial evaluated for possible asymmetries in the size and position between the condylar process. Likewise, sagittal sections were used to assess the depth of the mandibular fossa, the condyle-fossa relationship, and concentric position of the condyles in patients with the disease Parkinson.Se decided to use the Student t test for independent samples or the U test of Mann-Whitney. All tests were worked at a significance level of 5%. Results: No significant asymmetries were found for both the condyle and glenoid in this sample. 90% have no geometric center, there is a difference of 2.45 mm. Evaluation of concentric position of the condyles in their mandibular fossa showed no concentric positioning for the 2 sides. Keywords: Altered, Morphology, Parkinson's disease, condyle, glenoid asymmetry, Concentric and position.Tesi

Excellentia Eminentia Effectio

"In these pages you will learn about the fascinating research endeavors that each of our faculty members is undertaking. We have divided their research into the broad categories of health, sustainability, information, and systems. While we recognize the imperfect nature of categorizing research that, by its very nature may be interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary, we nonetheless believe it will be helpful as a way to see the depth and breadth of our research endeavors within each grouping. As you read the profiles on these pages, I know you will begin to appreciate that, taken as a whole, the research spectrum at Columbia Engineering is exceptional and that, as our professors go about their work, they are at the cusp of making breakthroughs that will have a major impact on the way we live our lives today and tomorrow.

Desenvolvimento e estudo de modelo multi-corpo da articulação temporomandibular

Mestrado em Engenharia MecânicaA articulação temporomandibular é uma das articulações mais complexas do corpo humano e a que mais solicitações tem diariamente. Tendo isto em mente, esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo uma melhor compreensão das caraterísticas desta articulação, bem como o desenvolvimento de um modelo multi-corpo capaz de prever o comportamento dos diferentes músculos envolvidos nas diferentes atividades diárias. Para este propósito, foi utilizado um modelo multi-corpo da mandíbula contendo todos os grupos musculares responsáveis pelos movimentos, com vista a identificar e caraterizar os que mais contribuem para atividades diárias como a mastigação. Foram realizadas diversas simulações retratando ações como a mordida e movimentos cíclicos da mandíbula, tendo sido determinado que o músculo masséter, temporal e pterigóideo medial são os principais responsáveis pelo realizar desta tarefa. Foi utilizado um simulador da articulação temporomandibular existente no Laboratório de Biomecânica do Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da Universidade de Aveiro de forma a replicar e validar os valores das forças obtidas no modelo multi-corpo para a mordida unilateral da mandíbula. Foram utilizadas as forças obtidas no multi-corpo para cada um dos três músculos principais, de forma a obter a reação em três pontos pré-definidos da mandíbula, correspondentes ao primeiro molar, ao pré-molar e aos incisivos frontais. Os resultados experimentais obtidos revelaram uma redução substancial da força quando comparada com o valor teórico presente no modelo, o que nos leva a concluir que o modelo experimental criado não pode ser utilizado para validar o modelo multi-corpo. A redução dos valores da força pode ser justificada pela incorreta replicação das direções das forças atuantes, bem como a diferente anatomia da mandíbula utilizada experimentalmente e da presente no modelo.The temporomandibular joint is one of the most complex joints in the human body and the one with the most daily demands. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is a better understanding of the characteristics of the articulation as well as the development of a multi-body model capable of predicting the different muscles behaviour involved in daily activities. For this purpose, a multi-body model of the mandible was used, containing all the muscular groups responsible for the movements, to identify and characterize the ones that contribute most to daily activities such as chewing. Several simulations were carried out, portraying actions such as bite and cyclic mandible movements, and it was determined that the masseter, temporal and the medial pterygoid muscle are the main responsible for performing those tasks. A temporomandibular joint simulator was used in the Biomechanics Laboratory of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Aveiro to replicate and validate the forces obtained in the multi-body model for the unilateral mandibular bite. The forces obtained in the multibody model for each of the three main muscles were used to obtain the reaction at three pre-defined points of the mandible, corresponding to the first molar, the premolar and the frontal incisors. The experimental results showed a substantial reduction of the obtained force, when compared to the theoretical value, present in the model, which leads us to conclude that the experimental model created can’t be used to validate the multibody model. The reduction of force values can be justified by the incorrect replication of the acting forces directions, as well as the different anatomy of the mandible used experimentally and the one present in the mode

Symmetric and Asymmetric Data in Solution Models

This book is a Printed Edition of the Special Issue that covers research on symmetric and asymmetric data that occur in real-life problems. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research to present engineering and economic problem solution models that deal with symmetry or asymmetry of different data types. The Special Issue gained interest in the research community and received many submissions. After rigorous scientific evaluation by editors and reviewers, seventeen papers were accepted and published. The authors proposed different solution models, mainly covering uncertain data in multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problems as complex tools to balance the symmetry between goals, risks, and constraints to cope with the complicated problems in engineering or management. Therefore, we invite researchers interested in the topics to read the papers provided in the book

Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World

The contributions cover a wide range of methodologies and application areas for safety and reliability that contribute to safe societies in a changing world. These methodologies and applications include: - foundations of risk and reliability assessment and management - mathematical methods in reliability and safety - risk assessment - risk management - system reliability - uncertainty analysis - digitalization and big data - prognostics and system health management - occupational safety - accident and incident modeling - maintenance modeling and applications - simulation for safety and reliability analysis - dynamic risk and barrier management - organizational factors and safety culture - human factors and human reliability - resilience engineering - structural reliability - natural hazards - security - economic analysis in risk managemen

The Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Morphology of Sea Lampreys (Petromyzon marinus)

Lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) are jawless vertebrates with an evolutionary history lasting at least 360 million years and are often used in comparisons with jawed vertebrates because some of their morphological aspects, such as the segmented trunk musculature with curved myosepta and a non-mineralized skeleton fibrous skeleton, are thought to resemble the condition of early vertebrates before the evolution of jaws. Although earlier authors studied the morphology of the skeleto-muscular system of the trunk of lampreys, their studies are not detailed and complete enough to allow a functional and biomechanical analysis that is needed as a basis for modeling the mechanics of lamprey locomotion and for understanding the causal roles played by the anatomical structures within the trunk. Questions remain, such as what is the architecture of the trunk fibroskeleton, and how does it function with the musculature to bend the trunk? This dissertation studied the functional, ecological and evolutionary morphology of the trunk of Sea Lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) as well as its relevance in understanding the environmental history of landlocked lamprey populations. Functional morphology revealed that the fibroskeleton of the trunk is a self-supporting concatenated system of fibers, which creates a scaffold for the musculature and transmits forces to bend the trunk during swimming. Ecological morphology demonstrated the adaptive advantage of the fibroskeleton’s architecture, which enables the movements that are performed during migration and spawning and gives lampreys the capacity to colonize upstream realms. These results help explain the evolutionary morphology of lampreys, which likely originated in freshwater as algal feeders and evolved into parasites after going through an intermediary scavenging stage. When these insights are applied to the evolution of landlocked Sea Lampreys, it becomes evident that their entry into freshwater lakes occurred as soon as they were able to reach them and that populations likely became established in Lake Ontario, Lake Champlain, and the Finger Lakes thousands of years ago. This insight undermines the current status of landlocked Sea Lampreys as invasive species in these lakes and the case for their eradication. Hence, this dissertation provides a comprehensive and integrative analysis of lamprey biology from their anatomy to environmental policy

2015 - 2016 University Catalog

This is a one-year Catalog, effective beginning Summer Quarter 2015. Volume 104, Number 1, July 2015https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/univcatalog/1001/thumbnail.jp