4,390 research outputs found
An adsorbed gas estimation model for shale gas reservoirs via statistical learning
Shale gas plays an important role in reducing pollution and adjusting the
structure of world energy. Gas content estimation is particularly significant
in shale gas resource evaluation. There exist various estimation methods, such
as first principle methods and empirical models. However, resource evaluation
presents many challenges, especially the insufficient accuracy of existing
models and the high cost resulting from time-consuming adsorption experiments.
In this research, a low-cost and high-accuracy model based on geological
parameters is constructed through statistical learning methods to estimate
adsorbed shale gas conten
Comparison of Îł-ray spectrometry and ICP-MS methods for measuring radioactive heat-producing elements of rocks: a case study on borehole samples from the Sichuan Basin, China
We compared the consistency of Îł-ray spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry by analyzing measurement results of the radioactive heat-producing elements U, Th, and K from borehole samples. This analysis was based on 49 samples obtained from mudstone, siltstone, and carbonate rock, and 11 of the 15 control groups showed great consistency. The radioactive heat production (RHP) of carbonate rocks was relatively low (0.23â0.63 ”W mâ3) and was mainly contributed by U. Mudstone and siltstone have higher RHPs, which was 1.73 ± 0.46 and 2.04 ± 0.49 ”W mâ3, respectively
Constraining the denudation process in the eastern Sichuan Basin, China using low-temperature thermochronology and vitrinite reflectance data
The temperature history of samples and maximum palaeogeothermal profiles of boreholes were reconstructed based on lowâtemperature thermochronology and vitrinite reflectance data, and the results provide limits for the timescale and amount of upliftâdenudation of the eastern Sichuan Basin. The thermal history showed that the uplifting and cooling of eastern Sichuan Basin began around the Late Cretaceous (approximately 100â80 Ma). The region had experienced a continuous cooling process from the Late Cretaceous until the present, with the geothermal gradient decreasing from 32â36 °C/km to 20â23 °C/km. The amount of denudation at the Puguang region in northâeastern Sichuan was approximately 2.3 km, whereas that at southâeastern Sichuan was 1.9 km, and the erosion thickness in the eastern Sichuan fold belt that was revealed via the field samples is 2.3 ± 0.3â2.6 ± 0.3 km. The northâeastern Sichuan experienced sustained cooling with inconspicuous fluctuations, whereas the thrust belt and the southâeastern Sichuan Basin presented 2â4 stages with different cooling rates. It may indicate that the eastern Sichuan fold belt experienced a complex structural evolution, characterized by episodic upliftings and deformations since Late Cretaceous, while a different and gentle deformation took place in the northeastern Sichuan Basin
A complex pattern of postâdivergence expansion, contraction, introgression and asynchronous responses to Pleistocene climate changes in two Dipelta sister species from western China
The well-known vicariance and dispersal models dominate in understanding the allopatric pattern for related species and presume the simultaneous occurrence of speciation and biogeographic events. However, the formation of allopatry may postdate the species divergence. We examined this hypothesis using DNA sequence data from 3 chloroplast fragments and 5 nuclear loci of Dipelta floribunda and D. yunnanensis, two shrub species with the circum Sichuan Basin distribution, combining the climatic niche modeling approach. The best-fit model supported by the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analysis indicated that, D. floribunda and D. yunnanensis diverged during the mid-Pleistocene period, consistent with the largest glacial period in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The historically inter-specific gene flow was identified but seemed to have ceased after the last interglacial period (LIG), when the range of D. floribunda moved northward from the south of the Sichuan Basin. Further, populations of D. floribunda had expanded obviously in the north of the Sichuan Basin after the last glacial maximum (LGM). Relatively, the range of D. yunnanensis expanded before the LGM, reduced during the post-LGM especially in the north of the Sichuan Basin, reflecting the asynchronous responses of related species to the contemporary climate changes. Our results suggested that complex topography should be considered in understanding the distributional patterns even for closely related species and their demographic responses
Evidence for Anthropogenic Surface Loading as Trigger Mechanism of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
Two and a half years prior to China's M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008,
at least 300 million metric tons of water accumulated with additional seasonal
water level changes in the Minjiang River Valley at the eastern margin of the
Longmen Shan. This article shows that static surface loading in the Zipingpu
water reservoir induced Coulomb failure stresses on the nearby Beichuan thrust
fault system at <17km depth. Triggering stresses exceeded levels of daily lunar
and solar tides and perturbed a fault area measuring 416+/-96km^2. These stress
perturbations, in turn, likely advanced the clock of the mainshock and directed
the initial rupture propagation upward towards the reservoir on the
"Coulomb-like" Beichuan fault with rate-and-state dependent frictional
behavior. Static triggering perturbations produced up to 60 years (0.6%) of
equivalent tectonic loading, and show strong correlations to the coseismic
slip. Moreover, correlations between clock advancement and coseismic slip,
observed during the mainshock beneath the reservoir, are strongest for a longer
seismic cycle (10kyr) of M>7 earthquakes. Finally, the daily event rate of the
micro-seismicity (M>0.5) correlates well with the static stress perturbations,
indicating destabilization.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, 3 table
The Mesozoic along-strike tectono-metamorphic segmentation of Longmen Shan (eastern Tibetan plateau)
The Longmen Shan belt (eastern border of the Tibetan plateau) constitutes a tectonically active region as demonstrated by the occurrence of the unexpected 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan and 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquakes in the central and southern parts of the belt respectively. These events revealed the necessity of a better understanding of the longâterm geological evolution of the belt and its effect on the present dynamics and crustal structure. New structural and thermobarometric data offer a comprehensive dataset of the paleoâtemperatures across the belt and PâT estimates for lowâgrade metamorphic domains. In the central Longmen Shan, two metamorphic jumps of 150â200°C, 5â6 kbar and ~50 °C, 3â5 kbar acquired during the Early Mesozoic are observed across the Wenchuan and Beichuan faults respectively, attesting to their thrusting movement and unrevealing a major decollement between the allochtonous SongpanâGarze metasedimentary cover (at T > 500°C) and the autochtonous units and the basement (T < 400°C). In the southern Longmen Shan, the only greenschistâfacies metamorphism is observed both in the basement (360 ± 30°C, 6 ± 2 kbar) and in the metasedimentary cover (350 ± 30°C, 3 ± 1 kbar). Peak conditions were reached at c. 80â60 Ma in the basement and c. 55â33 Ma in the cover, c. 50 Ma after the greenschistâfacies metamorphic overprint observed in the central Longmen Shan (c. 150â120 Ma). This alongâstrike metamorphic segmentation coincides well with the present fault segmentation and reveals that the central and southern Longmen Shan experienced different tectonoâmetamorphic histories since the Mesozoic
A study of site response in the Longmen Shan and adjacent regions and site response models for the Sichuan Basin
We investigated the regional attenuation and site responses in the Sichuan Basin and adjacent Songpan-Ganze terrane of the Tibetan Plateau using seismic data recorded at 41 stations from regional earthquakes occurring between January 2009 and October 2020. Fourier amplitude spectra of Lg waves were computed and binned into 18 frequency bins with center frequencies ranging from 0.1Â Hz to 20.4Â Hz. The quality factor is estimated as Q(f)=313f0.74 for the Sichuan Basin and Q(f)=568f0.34 for the Songpan-Ganze terrane, reflecting significant differences in the crustal structure beneath these two regions. Relative to the Songpan-Ganze terrane, site responses in the Sichuan Basin are characterized by strong amplification effects at frequencies lower than 6Â Hz and obvious attenuation at higher frequencies (>10Â Hz). Îș0 of stations in the Sichuan Basin show clearly geographical dependence with an average value of 0.045Â s, whereas stations in the Songpan-Ganze terrane generally have smaller Îș0 values with an average value of 0.028Â s. In particular, site response and Îș0 of stations in the Sichuan Basin are found to be dependent on the geographically variable thickness of the sedimentary deposits (sediment thickness). These units are comprised of sedimentary rock and semi-consolidated sediments, with a maximum thickness reaching approximately 10Â km. Site response terms in the Sichuan Basin derived from the Lg Fourier spectra exhibit consistent patterns versus sediment thickness as frequency increases. We developed site response models as functions of sediment thickness for stations in the Sichuan Basin. The site response model derived from Lg site terms is consistent with that based on site response terms from coda amplitude spectra and horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratios. The models were then incorporated in the stochastic method of ground motion predictions in the Sichuan Basin for six earthquakes occurring between October 2020 and June 2022. Residual analysis suggests that incorporating the site response models as functions of sediment thickness can improve the ground motion prediction model for the Sichuan Basin from moderate earthquakes
Late Cenozoic erosion pattern of the eastern margin of the Sichuan Basin: Implications for the drainage evolution of the Yangtze River
Evolution of the drainage network of the Yangtze River plays an important role in landscape evolution across East Asia during the Cenozoic. The mountains on the eastern margin of the Sichuan Basin form a drainage divide between the tributary rivers of the modern Upper and Middle Yangtze, and the erosion history of these mountains has major implications for the evolution of the Yangtze River. Linear inversion of long profiles of two Yangtze tributaries draining the area allows us to estimate their incision processes, and reveals contrasting erosion patterns between the west and east sides of the mountain belt. Along the Wu River, which drains into the Sichuan Basin, higher incision rates are focused on lower channels near the river's outlet on the Upper Yangtze. In contrast, within the catchment of the Yuan River, which drains into the Jianghan Basin of the Middle Yangtze, the inverted fluvial erosion rate is distributed relatively uniform in space. We calibrate the inferred incision history using previously published cosmogenic 10Be-derived basin-averaged erosion rates, and the results show that the contrasting erosion patterns between the two rivers emerged since the early Miocene (~21â16 Ma). At this time, the incision rates of the lower Wu River started to increase from ~0.04 km/Ma towards the Quaternary average at ~0.07 km/Ma, while the rates of the Yuan River remained low (<0.04 km/Ma). By comparing our results with erosion histories of the eastern Sichuan Basin and Three Gorges, we suggest that during the early Miocene, connection between the Sichuan and Jianghan Basins through the Three Gorges led to additional lowering of the local base level in the Sichuan Basin, which triggered an acceleration in incision rates of the Upper Yangtze tributaries draining into the basin
Deformation-strain field in Sichuan and its surrounding areas based on GPS data
AbstractThe strain rate in Sichuan and its surrounding areas, and the activity rate and strain rate in two block boundary fault zones were calculated according to the block movement parameters estimated using the station speed obtained from regional GPS station observation data in these areas for 2009â2011 and GPS continuous station data for 2011â2013. The movement field characteristics in these areas were analyzed with the Sichuan Basin as the reference. Results show that the principal strain rate and maximum shear strain rate of the Bayan Har block were the largest, followed by those of the SichuanâYunnan block and Sichuan Basin. The deep normal strain rate in the Longmenshan fault zone was compressive and large over the study period. The normal strain rate in the Xianshuihe fault zone was tensile
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