Reducing Conducted Emissions at the Output of Full-Bridge DCDC Converters with High Voltage Steps

In this work, we analyze the impact of output filter design techniques aimed to reduce conducted emissions at the output of a DCDC power converter. A thorough analysis, based on high-frequency circuit models of the converter, is performed to assess expected improvements offered by different design strategies. This analysis is then confronted with measurements of conducted emissions at the output of a 300 W 48 V to 12 V Phase Shift Full Bridge (PSFB) prototype. Those experimental results demonstrate that a symmetric arrangement of the output LC filter and a direct bonding of the return output terminal of the converter to chassis are effective to reduce common mode conducted emissions at the output. Those results also demonstrate that the symmetry of the output LC filter can reduce conducted emissions in differential mode at high frequencies, where common mode to differential mode conversion is the predominant contribution to differential mode noise. However, direct bonding to chassis of the return output terminal may be ineffective at high frequencies due to the parasitic inductance associated with this connection. Main conclusions drawn for this analysis are applicable in general for isolated converters with a high voltage step between high and low voltage sides. Since the techniques of reduction of conducted emissions studied here do not increase the number of filter components, they are especially suitable for applications where high power density is an important requirement, e.g., aerospace or automotive applications.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España TEC2014-54097-RUnión Europea H2020-EU.3.4.5.6

Common-Mode Modeling of Neutral Point Clamped Converter Based Dual Active Bridge

Modern power converters designed with wide-bandgap semiconductors are known to generate substantial conducted electromagnetic interference as a side effect of high edge rate and high frequency switching. With the advancement in power electronic converters, the significant EMI challenges need to be addressed for distribution level power systems. The goal is to provide a computationally efficient method of EMI characterization for conducted emissions for this future generation of power distribution systems. The first step in making this possible is through creating an accurate EMI characterization platform for the neutral point clamped dual active bridge. In this thesis, a formalized common-mode modeling approach is carried out for transforming this mixed-mode power system into its common-mode equivalent circuit. The approach is validated through comparison of time-domain waveforms predicted by detailed mixed-mode and common-mode equivalent models of the representative power distribution system, with a proposed future validation using hardware measurements. The experimental studies highlight the utility of the proposed modeling approach to assess design mitigation strategies

Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility

Recent progress in the fields of Electrical and Electronic Engineering has created new application scenarios and new Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) challenges, along with novel tools and methodologies to address them. This volume, which collects the contributions published in the “Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility” Special Issue of MDPI Electronics, provides a vivid picture of current research trends and new developments in the rapidly evolving, broad area of EMC, including contributions on EMC issues in digital communications, power electronics, and analog integrated circuits and sensors, along with signal and power integrity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression properties of materials

Advances in Rotating Electric Machines

It is difficult to imagine a modern society without rotating electric machines. Their use has been increasing not only in the traditional fields of application but also in more contemporary fields, including renewable energy conversion systems, electric aircraft, aerospace, electric vehicles, unmanned propulsion systems, robotics, etc. This has contributed to advances in the materials, design methodologies, modeling tools, and manufacturing processes of current electric machines, which are characterized by high compactness, low weight, high power density, high torque density, and high reliability. On the other hand, the growing use of electric machines and drives in more critical applications has pushed forward the research in the area of condition monitoring and fault tolerance, leading to the development of more reliable diagnostic techniques and more fault-tolerant machines. This book presents and disseminates the most recent advances related to the theory, design, modeling, application, control, and condition monitoring of all types of rotating electric machines

Dispersion Engineered Real-Time Analog Signal Processing Components and Systems

Résumé Avec la demande croissante pour une plus grande efficacité d’utilisation du spectre de fréquences et l’émergence de systèmes à bande ultra large (UWB) qui en découle, l’analyse d’environnements RF en temps réel est devenue d’une importance capitale. Traditionnellement, ceci est fait en utilisant des techniques d’analyse des signaux en temps réel basées soit sur une approche digitale, soit sur une approche analogique. Les appareils digitaux sont plus attrayants aux basses fréquences à cause de leur grande flexibilité, de leur taille compacte, de leur faible coût et de leur grande fiabilité. Par contre, aux plus hautes fréquences, notamment aux fréquences micro-ondes, les appareils digitaux ont des problèmes fondamentaux tels des performances faibles, un coût élevé des convertisseurs A/D et D/A et une consommation de puissance excessive. À ces fréquences, des appareils et systèmes analogiques sont requis pour des applications d’analyse des signaux en temps réel. À cause de leur mode d’opération fondamentalement analogique, ces systèmes sont appel´es analyseurs analogiques de signaux, et l’opération qu’ils effectuent est appelée analyse analogique de signaux (ASP). Cette thèse présente les plus récentes avancées au niveau des ASP. Le concept d’ASP est introduit au chapitre 1. La contribution de cette thèse au domaine des ASP est également présentée au chapitre 1. Le cœur d’un analyseur analogique de signaux en temps réel est une structure de délai dispersive (DDS). Dans une structure dispersive, la vélocité de groupe vg est une fonction de la fréquence, ce qui cause une dépendance en fréquence du délai de groupe. Par conséquent, un signal à large bande qui se propage le long d’une telle structure est sujet à un espacement dans le temps puisque ses différentes composantes spectrales voyagent avec différentes vitesses de groupes, et sont donc réarrangées dans le temps. En exploitant ce réarrangement temporel, les différentes composantes spectrales d’un signal à large bande peuvent être directement transposées dans le domaine temporel et peuvent alors être analysées en temps réel pour diverses applications. Ce concept, qui constitue le fondement des techniques ASP, est décrit au chapitre 2. En se basant sur ces principes de dispersion, le présent travail contribue au développement de nouveaux systèmes et composantes ASP ainsi qu’au développement de nouvelles DDS.----------Abstract With the ever increasing demand on higher spectral efficiencies and the related emergence of ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, monitoring RF environments in real-time has become of paramount interest. This is traditionally done using real-time signal processing techniques based on either digital or analog approaches. Digital devices are most attractive at low frequencies due to their high flexibility, compact size, low cost, and strong reliability. However, at higher frequencies, such as millimeter-wave frequencies, digital devices suffer of fundamental issues, such as poor performance, high cost for A/D and D/A converters, and excessive power consumption. At such frequencies, analog devices and systems are required for real-time signal processing applications. Owing to their fundamentally analog mode of operation, these systems are referred to as Analog Signal Processors, and the operation as Analog Signal Processing (ASP). This dissertation presents the most recent advances in these ASP concepts which are introduced in Chapter 1 along with the contribution of this thesis in this domain. The core of an analog real-time signal processor is a dispersive delay structure (DDS). In a dispersive structure, the group velocity vg is a function of frequency, which results in a frequency-dependent group delay. Consequently, a wide-band signal traveling along such a structure experiences time spreading, since its different spectral components travel with different group velocities and are therefore temporally rearranged. By exploiting this temporal rearrangement, the various spectral components of a wideband signal can be directly mapped onto time domain and can then be processed in real-time for various applications. This concept is described in Chapter 2 which forms the background of ASP techniques. Based on these dispersion principles, this work contributes to the development of novel ASP systems and devices along with the developments of novel DDSs. Two types of DDSs are used in this work: a) Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TL), and b) all-pass dispersive structures. In particular, the all-pass dispersive delay networks are investigated in greater details based on C-section all-pass networks in various configurations along with novel synthesis procedures and electromagnetic analysis to synthesize arbitrary group delay responses of the DDSs

Particle Physics Reference Library

This third open access volume of the handbook series deals with accelerator physics, design, technology and operations, as well as with beam optics, dynamics and diagnostics. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the “Particle Physics Reference Library” provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open acces

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN