Research on Information Extraction of the Dongting Lake Ecological Wetland Based on Genetic Algorithm Optimized Convolutional Neural Network

Dongting Lake is an important lake wetland in China. How to quickly and accurately obtain the basic information of the Dongting Lake ecological wetland is of great + significance for the dynamic monitoring, protection, and sustainable utilization of the wetland. Therefore, this article proposes the information extraction of the Dongting Lake ecological wetland based on genetic algorithm optimized convolutional neural network (GA-CNN), an analysis model combining genetic algorithm (GA) and convolutional neural network (CNN). Firstly, we know the environmental information of Dongting Lake, take Gaofen-1 image as the data source, and use normalized vegetation index and normalized water body index as auxiliary data to preprocess the change detection of remote sensing images to obtain high-precision fitting images. GA-CNN is constructed to efficiently extract the information of the Dongting Lake ecological wetland, and the Relu excitation function is used to improve the phenomenon of gradient disappearance and convergence fluctuation so as to reduce the operation time. Logistic regression is used for feature extraction, and finally the automatic identification and information extraction of the Dongting Lake ecological wetland are realized. The research results show that the method proposed in this article can more deeply dig the information of ground objects, express depth features, and has high accuracy and credibility

A novel unsupervised bee colony optimization (UBCO) method for remote sensing image classification:a case study in a heterogeneous marsh area

Unsupervised image classification is an important means to obtain land use/cover information in the field of remote sensing, since it does not require initial knowledge (training samples) for classification. Traditional methods such as k-means and ISODATA have limitations in solving this NP-hard unsupervised classification problem, mainly due to their strict assumptions about the data distribution. The bee colony optimization (BCO) is a new type of swarm intelligence, based upon which a simple and novel unsupervised bee colony optimization (UBCO) method is proposed for remote sensing image classification. UBCO possesses powerful exploitation and exploration capacities that are carried out by employed bees, onlookers and scouts. This enables the promising regions to be globally searched quickly and thoroughly, without becoming trapped on local optima. In addition, it has no restrictions on data distribution, and thus is especially suitable for handling complex remote sensing data. We tested the method on the Zhalong National Nature Reserve (ZNNR)—a typical inland wetland ecosystem in China, whose landscape is heterogeneous. The preliminary results showed that UBCO (overall accuracy = 80.81%) achieved statistically significant better classification result (McNemar test) in comparison with traditional k-means (63.11%) and other intelligent clustering methods built on genetic algorithm (UGA, 71.49%), differential evolution (UDE, 77.57%) and particle swarm optimization (UPSO, 69.86%). The robustness and superiority of UBCO were also demonstrated from the two other study sites next to the ZNNR with distinct landscapes (urban and natural landscapes). Enabling to consistently find the optimal or nearly optimal global solution in image clustering, the UBCO is thus suggested as a robust method for unsupervised remote sensing image classification, especially in the case of heterogeneous areas

The Effectiveness of Biodiversity Law

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) has generated a heated debate between those who believe that the law has succeeded and those who believe that the law has failed. The resolution to that debate depends upon whether the law’s stated purposes or some other criteria provide the basis for judging a law’s effectiveness. Meanwhile, since the enactment of the ESA in 1973, biodiversity protection has received growing attention in the nations of southeastern Asia. So far, the law has been much less effective in protecting Asian biodiversity from habitat loss, commercial exploitation, and other threats, yet southeastern Asia’s biodiversity law has not faced the heated debate that characterizes discussions of the ESA in the United States. The ESA is far more successful in preserving biodiversity than its Asian counterparts. But we expect our laws to be far more successful. So the real question is not whether our laws have succeeded, but whether our expectations of the law are appropriate. This article considers these questions by comparing the legal protection of biodiversity in the United States, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Cambodia

Burrow ambient temperature influences Helice crab activity and availability for migratory Red-crowned cranes Grus japonensis

© 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd For migratory birds that specialize on particular benthic macroinvertebrate species, the timing of migration is critical since prey availability may be temporally limited and a function of local ambient temperature. Hence, variation in local ambient temperature can influence the diet composition of migrant birds, and, consequently, they may be constrained by which stopover and wintering sites they are able to utilize during periods of colder temperatures. Here, we use fecal analysis, observer-based population counts, digital video recordings, and temperature data to test five predictions regarding the influence of local ambient temperature on the activity and availability of mudflat crabs—a key prey resource at three staging/wintering sites in eastern China, for migratory Red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) and how this subsequently influences crane diet and use of wetland sites. Pearson's correlations and generalized linear models revealed that mudflat crabs became significantly more surface active with increasing burrow ambient temperature. Piecewise regression analysis revealed that crab surface activity was largely limited to a burrow ambient temperature threshold between 12 and 13℃ after which activity significantly increased. Crab activity declining temporally during the crane's autumn migration period but increased during spring migration. Crabs accounted for a significant proportion of crane diet at two of three sites; however, the frequency of crab remains was significantly different between sites, and between autumn and spring migration. Analyses of crane count data revealed a degree of congruence between the migration timing of Red-crowned cranes with periods of warmer ambient temperature, and a significant, positive correlation between the percentage of crab remains in crane feces and site ambient temperature. Collectively, our data suggest that temperature-related mudflat crab activity may provide an important time window for migratory Red-crowned cranes to utilize critical stopover sites and the crabs’ food resources

Mires from pole to pole

Mires from pole to pole is a proceedings volume of the XII biennial International Mire Conservation Group symposium held in Finland 24.-27.7. 2006. The following topics are included in the volume: 1. Towards the understanding of the variety of mires and their conservation in different countries, 2. Patterns in polygon mires in north-eastern Yakutia, Siberia: The Role of Vegetation and Water, 3. Mires on the map of Russia, 4. Development of the large-scale hydrotopography of aapa mires on the land-uplift coastland in northern Finland, 5. The development of patterning on a succession series of aapa-mire systems on the land-uplift coast of northern Ostrobothnia, Finland, 6. The beginning of agriculture in Swedish Lapland, 7. Moss diversity in the mires of the Maanselkä water divide, 8. Vegetation studies and mapping in Juortanansalo mire reserve, eastern Finland, 9. Holocene vegetation dynamics and carbon accumulation of two mires in the Friendship Park, eastern Finland, 10. Vegetation dynamics of the Ileksa-Vodlozero aapa mires, 11. Vegetation of forested mires in the middle boreal subzone of Karelia, 12. Mire flora, vegetation and conservation in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, 13. Mire types of the southern part of Kenozero National Park, Arkhangelsk region, NW Russia, 14. Postdrainage vegetation dynamics in mesotrophic herb-Sphagnum mires of southern Karelia, Russia, 15. The Finnish peat mining paradox: political support to environmental calamity, 16. Nationally and regionally threatened mire mosses in Finland, 17. Assessment of threatened mire habitats in Finland, 18. Monitoring restored peatlands in Finnish nature reserves, 19. Species richness and abundance of butterflies in natural and drained mires in Finland, 20. Impacts of peatland restoration on nutrient leaching in western and southern Finland, 21. Role of protected areas in maintaining the diversity of peat mosses in the Karelian Isthmus and Gulf of Finland islands (Leningrad Region, northwest Russia), 22. Sphagnum cover surface shape variations during vegetation period, 23. Plant cover of natural mires and disturbed peatlands in Meschera National Park, Russia, 24. Management and monitoring of three Latvian raised bogs and a fen, 25. The Origin, Development, and Modern State of Karst Mires in the Tula Region of Russia, 26. Subsidence in bogs. Moving catchment boundaries, changing flow paths and slopes, self-sealing and effects on drying and natural rewetting, 27. The importance of gradual changes and landscape heterogeneity for aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity in mire restoration management, 28. Mires in Slovakia - present status and conservation, 29. Status and Protection of Heilongjiang Wetlands in North-eastern China, 30. Experimental grazing management on peatlands of the French Basque Land, 31. Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Peatlands and related Vegetation Complexes, 32. The invasive alien plant species of Kolkheti lowland, Georgia, 33. Spatial analysis and description of eastern peatlands of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, 34. Mires Down Under – the Peatlands of Australasia

Integrated Hydrological Modeling for Water Resources Management of Heeia Coastal Wetland in Hawaii.

Ph.D. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2017

Monitoring wetlands and water bodies in semi-arid Sub-Saharan regions

Surface water in wetlands is a critical resource in semi-arid West-African regions that are frequently exposed to droughts. Wetlands are of utmost importance for the population as well as the environment, and are subject to rapidly changing seasonal fluctuations. Dynamics of wetlands in the study area are still poorly understood, and the potential of remote sensing-derived information as a large-scale, multi-temporal, comparable and independent measurement source is not exploited. This work shows successful wetland monitoring with remote sensing in savannah and Sahel regions in Burkina Faso, focusing on the main study site Lac Bam (Lake Bam). Long-term optical time series from MODIS with medium spatial resolution (MR), and short-term synthetic aperture radar (SAR) time series from TerraSAR-X and RADARSAT-2 with high spatial resolution (HR) successfully demonstrate the classification and dynamic monitoring of relevant wetland features, e.g. open water, flooded vegetation and irrigated cultivation. Methodological highlights are time series analysis, e.g. spatio-temporal dynamics or multitemporal-classification, as well as polarimetric SAR (polSAR) processing, i.e. the Kennaugh elements, enabling physical interpretation of SAR scattering mechanisms for dual-polarized data. A multi-sensor and multi-frequency SAR data combination provides added value, and reveals that dual-co-pol SAR data is most recommended for monitoring wetlands of this type. The interpretation of environmental or man-made processes such as water areas spreading out further but retreating or evaporating faster, co-occurrence of droughts with surface water and vegetation anomalies, expansion of irrigated agriculture or new dam building, can be detected with MR optical and HR SAR time series. To capture long-term impacts of water extraction, sedimentation and climate change on wetlands, remote sensing solutions are available, and would have great potential to contribute to water management in Africa

Hydrological Characterisation of Wetlands: Understanding wetlands-catchment linkages

Magister Scientiae - MSc (Earth Science)This study explores the hydrological processes of selected wetlands in four different catchments in South Africa (the Nuwejaars River in the Western Cape which has the Elandsdrift-Wiesdrift wetland; the Mohlapetsi river in the lower Olifants river in Limpopo where the GaMampa wetland is located; the Usuthu River in Mpumalanga which has the Bonnie Brook wetlands; and the UMgeni River in KwaZulu Natal with the Lions river wetlands). The representation of wetlands processes in the Pitman and Agricultural Catchments Research Unit (ACRU) - commonly used hydrological models in Southern Africa - is also evaluated. In the Nuwejaars river catchment, hydrological processes were monitored for over a year, while literature and available conceptual frameworks were used in the other catchments. The Pitman and ACRU models were used to represent the main process and to determine how wetlands influence catchment-scale processes. Current understanding of the hydrology of Elandsdrift-Wiesdrift floodplain suggests that the floodplain is dominated by precipitation, overland flow from the catchment area of the floodplain, evapotranspiration, and surface flow from the left sides of the floodplain to the Nuwejaars River. In the Mohlapetsi River catchment the GaMampa wetland is dominated by local rainfall falling directly onto the wetland, surface runoff from the valley sides, and spring flow at the bottom of the surrounding hills occasioned by recharge on the hills, evapotranspiration and lateral flow between the wetland to the river. The Bonnie Brook and Lion's river catchment are valley bottom floodplains dominated by evapotranspiration, precipitation, overland flow, overbank flooding, groundwater discharge and groundwater recharge. Hydrological modelling of wetlands in the four basins yielded reasonable success (Nash Sutcliffe (NSE) ranged from 0.510 to 0.75 with less than 15% percentage of different between observed and selected mean values (PBIAS). Most characteristics of the observed flows for the four catchments were satisfactorily simulated. The overall results from both models indicate that the models can reasonably represent hydrological processes of wetlands, though there is need to improve the routines in both models. Therefore, further studies that will focus on parameter estimation and improving the current wetland modules of both models are recommended