Critical Aspects of Electric Motor Drive Controllers and Mitigation of Torque Ripple - Review

Electric vehicles (EVs) are playing a vital role in sustainable transportation. It is estimated that by 2030, Battery EVs will become mainstream for passenger car transportation. Even though EVs are gaining interest in sustainable transportation, the future of EV power transmission is facing vital concerns and open research challenges. Considering the case of torque ripple mitigation and improved reliability control techniques in motors, many motor drive control algorithms fail to provide efficient control. To efficiently address this issue, control techniques such as Field Orientation Control (FOC), Direct Torque Control (DTC), Model Predictive Control (MPC), Sliding Mode Control (SMC), and Intelligent Control (IC) techniques are used in the motor drive control algorithms. This literature survey exclusively compares the various advanced control techniques for conventionally used EV motors such as Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), Brushless Direct Current Motor (BLDC), Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM), and Induction Motors (IM). Furthermore, this paper discusses the EV-motors history, types of EVmotors, EV-motor drives powertrain mathematical modelling, and design procedure of EV-motors. The hardware results have also been compared with different control techniques for BLDC and SRM hub motors. Future direction towards the design of EV by critical selection of motors and their control techniques to minimize the torque ripple and other research opportunities to enhance the performance of EVs are also presented.publishedVersio

A High Gain DC-DC Converter with Grey Wolf Optimizer Based MPPT Algorithm for PV Fed BLDC Motor Drive

Photovoltaic (PV) water pumping systems are becoming popular these days. In PV water pumping, the role of the converter is most important, especially in the renewable energy-based PV systems case. This study focuses on one such application. In this proposed work, direct current (DC) based intermediate DC-DC power converter, i.e., a modified LUO (M-LUO) converter is used to extricate the availability of power in the high range from the PV array. The M-LUO converter is controlled efficiently by utilizing the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO)-based maximum power point tracking algorithm, which aids the smooth starting of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The voltage source inverter’s (VSI) fundamental switching frequency is achieved in the BLDC motor by electronic commutation. Hence, the occurrence of VSI losses due to a high switching frequency is eliminated. The GWO optimized algorithm is compared with the perturb and observe (P&O) and fuzzy logic based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. However, by sensing the position of the rotor and comparing the reference speed with the actual speed, the speed of the BLDC motor is controlled by the proportional-integral (PI) controller. The recent advancement in motor drives based on distributed sources generates more demand for highly efficient permanent magnet (PM) motor drives, and this was the beginning of interest in BLDC motors. Thus, in this paper, the design of a high-gain boost converter optimized by a GWO algorithm is proposed to drive the BLDC-based pumping motor. The proposed work is simulated in MATLAB-SIMULINK, and the experimental results are verified using the dsPIC30F2010 controller

Nov i jednostavan hibridni neizraziti/PI regulator za istosmjerne motore bez četkica

A novel speed controller for the trapezoidal three--phase Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Drive is proposed using a hybrid fuzzy logic and proportional plus integral (PI) control. The fuzzy logic control structure is different from conventional fuzzy logic implementations such that it only uses three simple rules based on speed error being either in the positive, negative or zero regions. The controller outputs a reference current, that is enforced through the motor phases by pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control. The proposed fuzzy logic controller can be used individually in applications requiring lower computation load and accepting small steady state offset. For high performance applications requiring offset free tracking, a PI controller is augmented with the fuzzy logic controller and a simple switching scheme is devised based on error variance to switch the active controller based on operating conditions. The response of the drive system under the proposed composite control structure is compared with the conventional PI based and the sliding mode controllers to demonstrate its improved performance. Simulations studies using detailed models in MATLAB/Simulink\u27s Simpowersystems toolbox are carried out to show the validity of proposed control.U ovome radu predlaže se nov regulator brzine za trapezoidalne trofazne istosmjerne motore bez četkica zasnovan na hibridnom regulatoru. Hibridni regulator sastoji se od dijela s neizrazitom logikom i proporcionano-integracijskog regulatora. Struktura neizrazitog regulatora razlikuje se od konvencionalnih implementacija neizrazitih regulatora po tome što koristi samo tri jednostavna pravila zasnovana na pogrešci brzine u pozitivnom, negativnom ili nultom području. Izlaz regulatora čini referentna struja, koja se šalje na faze motora pomoću širinsko-impulsne modulacije. Predloženi neizraziti regulator može se koristiti i zasebno u primjenama koje zahtijevaju manju računsku složenost i toleriraju malu pogrešku u stacionarnom stanju. Za slučajeve kada je potrebna visoka učinkovitost bez pogreške u stacionarnom stanju, s neizrazitim dijelom proširuje se PI regulator te je razvijen jednostavan postupak promijene regulatora zasnovan na varijanci pogreške. Odziv razmatranog sustava uspoređen je s konvencionalnim PI regulatorom i regulatorom u kliznom režimu rada kako bi se pokazala njegova učinkovitost. Izvršene su simulacije u Matlab/Simulinkovom SimPowerSystems alatu kako bi se pokazala ispravnost predloženog postupka

Stability analysis and speed control of brushless DC motor based on self-ameliorate soft switching control methods

In recent years, electric vehicles are the large-scale spread of the transportation field has led to the emergence of brushless direct current (DC) motors (BLDCM), which are mostly utilized in electrical vehicle systems. The speed control of a BLDCM is a subsystem, consisting of torque, flux hysteresis comparators, and appropriate switching logic of an inverter. Due to the sudden load torque variation and improper switching pulse, the speed of the BLDCM is not maintained properly. In recent research, the BLDC current control method gives a better way to control the speed of the motor. Also, the rotor position information should be the need for feedback control of the power electronic converters to varying the appropriate pulse width modulation (PWM) of the inverter. The proposed optimization work controls the switching device to manage the power supply BLDCM. In this proposed self-ameliorate soft switching (SASS) system is a simple and effective way for BLDC motor current control technology, a proposed control strategy is intended to stabilize the speed of the BLDCM at different load torque conditions. The proposed SASS system method is analyzing hall-based sensor values continuously. The suggested model is simulated using the MATLAB Simulink tool, and the results reveal that the maximum steady-state error value achieved is 4.2, as well as a speedy recovery of the BLDCM's speed

Torque Control

This book is the result of inspirations and contributions from many researchers, a collection of 9 works, which are, in majority, focalised around the Direct Torque Control and may be comprised of three sections: different techniques for the control of asynchronous motors and double feed or double star induction machines, oriented approach of recent developments relating to the control of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, and special controller design and torque control of switched reluctance machine

Design of Torque Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) with Maximum Work of Self Commutation Brushless DC Motor using Fuzzy-PI

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is vehicle with least two energy sources, such as Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM). BLDCM provide additional torque, to purpose of HEV can reach the set point speed according to the reference model. Commutation of BLDCM still complicated, because between the rotational speed of the motor and the speed of the rotary field on the stator should be kept synchronized. Self Commutation used to maintain synchronization between rotation of the rotor and rotary field velocity on BLDCM stator. In addition, this research also applies torque control strategy by using fuzzy-PI controller. Vehicle performance still follows the reference curve with steady state error of 0.1506 km/h and RMSE relative response speed HEV <2