False Discovery Rate Controlled Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Detection for Online Controlled Experiments

Online controlled experiments (a.k.a. A/B testing) have been used as the mantra for data-driven decision making on feature changing and product shipping in many Internet companies. However, it is still a great challenge to systematically measure how every code or feature change impacts millions of users with great heterogeneity (e.g. countries, ages, devices). The most commonly used A/B testing framework in many companies is based on Average Treatment Effect (ATE), which cannot detect the heterogeneity of treatment effect on users with different characteristics. In this paper, we propose statistical methods that can systematically and accurately identify Heterogeneous Treatment Effect (HTE) of any user cohort of interest (e.g. mobile device type, country), and determine which factors (e.g. age, gender) of users contribute to the heterogeneity of the treatment effect in an A/B test. By applying these methods on both simulation data and real-world experimentation data, we show how they work robustly with controlled low False Discover Rate (FDR), and at the same time, provides us with useful insights about the heterogeneity of identified user groups. We have deployed a toolkit based on these methods, and have used it to measure the Heterogeneous Treatment Effect of many A/B tests at Snap

Isolation And Identification of Brucella Suis In Pigs As Zoonotic Disease In Endemic Areas of East Java, Indonesia

Background: Brucellosis in pigs at East Java Indonesia has not only cause great economic losses due to a decrease in productivity of livestock but also are zoonotic. Infection on free brucelosis pigs were initially begun with the infected pigs both male and female, or the use of superior male pigs together. The elimination of the disease either on a group or population is considered as the most effective way to prevent the spread of the disease in pigs. Prevention efforts mainly addressed to vaccination, sanitary maintenace and government policy. The purpose of this study was to isolated and identified Brucella suis as the causative agent. Material and Methods: The survey area were the pig farm owned by breeder farmers in the area of East Java Indonesia, at Kediri, Malang, Blitar and Probolinggo district. Blood samples obtained were tested with RBT. Pigs are suspected of being infected with Brucella if the RBT was positive that characterized with agglutination in the test results. If RBT was positive, bacteriological examination will be performed, with samples of visceral foetus organ, ie liver, spleen, placenta and amniotic fluid. Isolation and identification of Brucella suis were used Brucella Broth and Brucella Agar, and if the bacteri growthwill be continued with biochemical test ie H2S, urease, citrate, catalase and oxidase test. The positive results of Brucella suis showed positive urease, catalase andoxidase,but negative for citrate and H2S. Results: RBT and bacteriolgical examination showed that 1 sample was positive Brucella suis, and 19 negative. The positive results showed positive urease, catalase and oxidase,but negative for citrate and H2S Conclusion: Based on RBT test and bacteriological examination, there was 1 positive sample of brucellla suis, that is sample coming from Kediri district. Key words: Brucela suis, pig, isolation,identification, zoonoti

UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation of Itraconazole in Bulk and Capsule Formulation

A simple, rapid, accurate and precise UV method was developed and validated for the estimation of Itraconazole in pharmaceutical dosage form. Spectroscopic method was carried out by using acidic ethanol as solvent. Itraconazole detection wavelength was set at 262nm for validation purpose linearity, accuracy, repeatability, precision, LOD, LOQ, and ruggedness parameters were studied. The linearity was found to be in the range of 2-12 g/ml

COMPARATIVE STANDARDIZATION OF MARKETED FORMULATIONS OF FERMENTED BIOMEDICINE – ARJUNARISTHA

Ayurvedic formulations have proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of many life-threatening diseases. Asavas and Arishtas have been used as medicine for over 3000 years as appetizer and stimulant. In the present study 6 different marketed brands (Two having different batches) of Arjunarishta were thoroughly evaluated for their organoleptic characteristics and physicochemical parameters, to establish a routine procedure for standardization of these Ayurvedic formulations. The organoleptic tests performed include colour, odour and taste whereas the physicochemical parameters evaluated were pH, Refractive index, Specific gravity, Viscosity, density, surface tension, Water-soluble extractive, Alcohol-soluble extractive Acid value, Alcohol content, by distillation and  dichromate oxidation method, Total solid content, Total phenol content, In present communication, a TLC method was developed for the evaluation of Arjunarishta  by quantitative estimation of major compound gallic acid and ellagic acid

Comparative studies on dyeing rate migration and wash fastness properties of azo dyes derived from 2-aminothiazole derivatives on acetate fabrics

Migration and diffusion properties of synthesized azo dyes from 2-aminothiazole derivatives applied on commercial grade undyed cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose triacetate (CTA) were investigated using dyeing conditions of 2% on weight of fabric (owf), 50:1 liquor ratio and subjected to ISO3 and ISO4 standard wash fastness tests. From the studies, the wash fastness in both fabrics was found to be inversely proportional to the dye diffusion coefficient and migration properties. Tests showed some dye admixture exhibit compatibility in properties while others showed skittering effect. These observations are attributable to structural effect, degree of fabric crystallinity and surface potential effect in dye- substrate interactions. Key words:-Migration, Diffusion, 2-Aminothiazole, Cellulose acetate, Cellulose triacetate, Skittering effect

Postoperative sepsis in infants below 6 months of age

Background: Sepsis is a threatening postoperative complication especially in small infants. Regarding the advances in perinatal medicine, its incidence is unknown to date. We aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, laboratory findings and outcome of postoperative sepsis in infants younger than 6 months old. Methods: We examined postoperative sepsis in babies below 6 months of age during a 4-year period at a tertiary pediatric institution. Results: The rate of postoperative sepsis was 6.9%. Laparotomy with enterotomy, thoracotomy and diaphragmatic hernia repair (P<0.05, respectively) as well as low postnatal age and long operation time (P<0.001, respectively) were correlated with the incidence of sepsis. Significant independent predictors for the development of sepsis were the presence of a central venous catheter and perioperative antibiotic treatment (P<0.001, respectively). Coagulase negative Staphylococci were the major infecting organism associated with postoperative sepsis, accounting for 53% of monomicrobial infections. Complete blood counts with differential were not different between infants with sepsis and controls, who had undergone the same surgical procedures. Outcome was favorable in all cases; however, the length of hospital stay was significantly longer in sepsis patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: Postoperative sepsis syndrome is a frequent complication in infants below 6 months of age and causes significant prolongation of hospital stay. Adequate prevention and therapeutic strategies warrant further prospective investigation

High Reliability Organization in Medical Technology in Health Service

Introduction: Medical technology in health services is often regarded as a solution to the quality of health services. This is because medical technology is considered a solution in reducing errors in medical decision-making. Technology in the world of health aims to increase the effectiveness and efficiency in medical services. The purpose of doing this research is to find out how the benefits of HRO theory are in realizing work safety in hospitals. Methods: This research used a qualitative design for collecting the data from information obtained through the skype instrument. The number of respondents in this study was 15 respondents where 1 respondent was a pilot respondent who was interviewed early to develop questions that approached the HRO theory developed. Results: The purpose of this research is to see how reliable emergency room nurses in hospitals in the safety of patient care through questions created based on five basic principles of high-reliability organization. Safety programs in health services are developed through high-reliability organization theory and are used to enhance safety culture and guide organizations in Indonesia to learn from mistakes that have occurred but these cannot be measured as numbers. Conclusion: High reliability organizations can assist in a comprehensive approach to assisting health service organizations in providing effective and reliable services and interventions. By using the principles in high reliability organization, an organization can take valid steps to support the sustainability of a system free from errors

Formulation of HPV Dry Powder Wafers for Sublingual Vaccination

Vaccination has been used to prevent diseases since the early 1800s.Throughout the history of vaccination, attention has only been paid to the type of virus that can be administered instead of the method of vaccination. Traditional needle-dependent vaccination requires sanitation and refrigeration which is not available in developing countries such as India, where viruses such as the human papillomavirus (HPV) are very prevalent. The goal of this study was to develop a sublingual wafer formulation that is robust and heat-stable. The sublingual wafer delivery method is expected to lower the cost of vaccination because of the ease of transportation and storage. Dry powder vaccine formulations were prepared using the Sievers et al patented Carbon Dioxide Assisted Nebulization with a Bubble Dryer (CAN- BD) drying process. Excipients commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for oral tablet formation were tested for wafer formation with the CAN-BD processed protein powder. Desired wafer properties were tested, i.e. binding capabilities, target dissociation time

Evaluating intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility in histometric measurement: one-wall intrabony periodontal defects in beagle dogs

Purpose: Accurate and exact measurement is an important factor for generating meaningful results in any properly designed study. If all the participating examiners are able to yield similar results, it will be possible to evaluate the objective results of the study more easily and quickly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of histometric measurements in the intrabony periodontal defect model. Methods: One wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the distal aspect of the second and the medial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in the right and left jaw quadrants in twenty beagle dogs and the defect sites received the following β-tri calcium phosphate, growth differentiation factor-0, growth differentiation factor-100 and sham surgery. Histometric analysis was performed after 8 weeks. Histometric parameters were recorded and repeated at three months interval by three examiners. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was assessed. Results: Most parameters of all the groups showed high intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility. Parameters including defect height, bone regeneration height, cementum regeneration height, and formation of junctional epithelium yielded interexaminer correlation ${\geq}0.9$. The intra-examiner reproducibility showed a high result, over 0.9. Conclusions: Histometric evaluation of the one-wall intra-alveolar periodontal defect model showed high reproducibility not only for a single given examiner but also among the three examinersope