RECOVERY OF DOCUMENT TEXT FROM TORN FRAGMENTS USING IMAGE PROCESSING

Recovery of document from its torn or damaged fragments play an important role in the field of forensics and archival study. Reconstruction of the torn papers manually with the help of glue and tapes etc., is tedious, time consuming and not satisfactory. For torn images reconstruction we go for image mosaicing, where we reconstruct the image using features (corners) and RANSAC with homography.But for the torn fragments there is no such similarity portion between fragments. Hence we propose a new process to recover the original document form its torn pieces by using the Binary image processing techniques with region properties of the torn pieces. Our mehodology for recovery of torn pieces can be solved in three simple stages. Initially the torn pieces of the document are acquired as input. The torn pieces are straightening to axis using HORIZON function and they are concatenated. The torn fragments are segmented based on the regionpropertiethen concatenated the segmented images. Finally by creating mask the concatenated images are going to combined

Image Processing Applications in Real Life: 2D Fragmented Image and Document Reassembly and Frequency Division Multiplexed Imaging

In this era of modern technology, image processing is one the most studied disciplines of signal processing and its applications can be found in every aspect of our daily life. In this work three main applications for image processing has been studied. In chapter 1, frequency division multiplexed imaging (FDMI), a novel idea in the field of computational photography, has been introduced. Using FDMI, multiple images are captured simultaneously in a single shot and can later be extracted from the multiplexed image. This is achieved by spatially modulating the images so that they are placed at different locations in the Fourier domain. Finally, a Texas Instruments digital micromirror device (DMD) based implementation of FDMI is presented and results are shown. Chapter 2 discusses the problem of image reassembly which is to restore an image back to its original form from its pieces after it has been fragmented due to different destructive reasons. We propose an efficient algorithm for 2D image fragment reassembly problem based on solving a variation of Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) problem. Our processing pipeline has three steps. First, the boundary of each fragment is extracted automatically; second, a novel boundary matching is performed by solving LCS to identify the best possible adjacency relationship among image fragment pairs; finally, a multi-piece global alignment is used to filter out incorrect pairwise matches and compose the final image. We perform experiments on complicated image fragment datasets and compare our results with existing methods to show the improved efficiency and robustness of our method. The problem of reassembling a hand-torn or machine-shredded document back to its original form is another useful version of the image reassembly problem. Reassembling a shredded document is different from reassembling an ordinary image because the geometric shape of fragments do not carry a lot of valuable information if the document has been machine-shredded rather than hand-torn. On the other hand, matching words and context can be used as an additional tool to help improve the task of reassembly. In the final chapter, document reassembly problem has been addressed through solving a graph optimization problem

Beritzholm - A non-intrusive survey of the earthworks and landscape of an early medieval castle

Beritzholm, a medieval castle in Scania, southern Sweden, is studied through historical sources, maps, and through a DGPS elevation survey. Its historical and geographical context is taken into account in order to advance the knowledge of the site, which has never been excavated. The castle was in use between the 14th and the 16th century; it was a royal stronghold which functioned as the administrative centre of Färs härad (hundred). Today, only the earthworks remain: a double-motted structure with moats and earthen walls

Effective 3D Geometric Matching for Data Restoration and Its Forensic Application

3D geometric matching is the technique to detect the similar patterns among multiple objects. It is an important and fundamental problem and can facilitate many tasks in computer graphics and vision, including shape comparison and retrieval, data fusion, scene understanding and object recognition, and data restoration. For example, 3D scans of an object from different angles are matched and stitched together to form the complete geometry. In medical image analysis, the motion of deforming organs is modeled and predicted by matching a series of CT images. This problem is challenging and remains unsolved, especially when the similar patterns are 1) small and lack geometric saliency; 2) incomplete due to the occlusion of the scanning and damage of the data. We study the reliable matching algorithm that can tackle the above difficulties and its application in data restoration. Data restoration is the problem to restore the fragmented or damaged model to its original complete state. It is a new area and has direct applications in many scientific fields such as Forensics and Archeology. In this dissertation, we study novel effective geometric matching algorithms, including curve matching, surface matching, pairwise matching, multi-piece matching and template matching. We demonstrate its applications in an integrated digital pipeline of skull reassembly, skull completion, and facial reconstruction, which is developed to facilitate the state-of-the-art forensic skull/facial reconstruction processing pipeline in law enforcement

A documentary survey of a one block parcel in downtown Chattanooga, Tennessee : Carter to Fort, Twelfth to Thirteenth Streets

At the request of the Cultural Resources Program of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Jeffrey L. Brown Institute of Archaeology, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, has prepared this brief documentary survey of a one-block parcel in downtown Chattanooga, Tennessee. The purpose of the research was to define potential targets for detailed historical research and archaeological testing within a parcel owned by the Tennessee Valley Authority. The project area, bounded by Carter Street on the west, Fort Street on the east, Twelfth Street on the north, and Thirteenth Street on the south, is the proposed site of an expansion of the Chattanooga Trade and Convention Center immediately to the north. This document does not represent an exhaustive historical treatment of the block and its residential, commercial and industrial tenants, but rather is a brief survey of historic land uses as gleaned from readily accessible documents. The principal sources examined consisted of city plat books which illustrated the character and precise location of improvements on the property. The objective of the research is to provide data pertinent to an assessment of the archaeological research potential of the property. Consequently, there is a temporal bias in the periods researched, with very recent uses of the property receiving less attention. Moreover, as the standing architecture on the property has already been demolished to ground level, the research specifically aims at estimating sub-surface survivals of archaeological features or deposits that would contribute to an organized body of information about past urban adaptations or historic technologies.https://scholar.utc.edu/archaeology-reports/1068/thumbnail.jp

The Centelles’ Palace of Oliva: The Recovery of Architectural Heritage through Its Plundering

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Danish architects Egil Fischer and Vilhelm Lauritzen carried out a rigorous graphic documentary study of one of the most important late-Gothic—Renaissance palaces in the Kingdom of Valencia, the Centelles’ Palace of Oliva, with the aim of later taking many of its architectural elements to Denmark. After numerous complaints, the Palace was declared a National Monument in 1920 and the exportation of its pieces was suspended. In 1932, due to heavy rain, a part of the Palace collapsed. The Spanish Civil War increased the deterioration of the Palace, and after some attempts to retrieve it, the remains of the Palace were demolished in the 1950s, and all traces of this large building disappeared with them. Thanks to the graphic documentation carried out by Danish architects, today we are able to know and study this Palace of great cultural and patrimonial interest, which has now almost completely disappeared. The work carried out by these architects, far from destroying the Palace, has helped to preserve it through this graphic legacy which allows us to carry out a highly detailed graphical restoration of many of its elements, as well as a hypothetical physical restitution of them

Medieval Manuscripts: Media Archaeology and the Digital Incunable

This chapter assesses the evolution of the digitized manuscript from fragmented data to increasingly accessible and interoperable forms. The long view of media history and the tenets of the emerging field of media archaeology frame this exploration, considering how digital representations of manuscripts function as a kind of incunable – an extended media moment caught between old and nascent methods and practices. Archaeologically, the medieval manuscript functioned as a convergence of media forms existing in partnership with larger ecologies of material expression. Today, increasingly agile digital architectures create the potential not only for excavation of historical forms, but for significant new ecologies of media. As a touchstone for such ideas, this chapter considers the critical and technological treatment of a single Anglo-Saxon manuscript (London, British Library, Cotton Tiberius MS B.v) from the eleventh century until the present day, and over the course of three media ages: manuscript, print, and digital. The complicated and protean nature of this manuscript's form, content, and interpretation over these ages, along with the fractured way it now exists digitally, serves as a starting point for considering how future digital applications might enable more capacious architectures for studying medieval manuscripts in both time and media

Interactions between Turkish Building Professionals and French Advisors in the Reconstruction of Historical Cities in Western Anatolia

The year 1923 was a turning point for Turkey. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire after a long war brought in Republican ideology centered on economic self-sufficiency and modern, secular values. With the proclamation of the Republic, the reconstruction of war-torn historical cities became a priority, to spread the new ideology and meet the country’s industrial needs. The new authorities encouraged municipalities to consult with Western European architects, many of whom were invited in the first years of the Republic. Their knowledge of the latest technologies and modern urban planning principles in Europe were to be applied to reconstruct Anatolian towns and villages according to the modern ideology. To facilitate this cooperation, the Society of Studies for the Reconstruction of İzmir was established in Paris in 1922. It brought together French experts and Turkish authorities during the planning process of Western Anatolian cities. The most prominent French consultants were Paris-based Henri Prost and Rene Danger, working together in France after having gained long-term experience in French colonies. This paper, firstly, highlights the mobility of these French professionals in Western Anatolia by tracing the history of their planning studies. Secondly, framing the political tension between the two countries, it aims to investigate whether the perspectives of the Turkish authorities associated the guest French architects and planners with colonial France. Lastly, it focuses on the post-war reconstruction process of historical cities in Western Anatolia, discussing the results of the interaction of the decision-makers and focusing on İzmir, Manisa, and Uşak