Effects of osteoporosis on alveolar bone repair after tooth extraction: A systematic review of preclinical studies

This systematic review aimed to address whether the alveolar socket repair after a tooth extraction is impacted by an osteoporotic phenotype and propose methodological observations. Design: A search strategy in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed. Quality assessment was carried out through the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. Results: Out of the 1147 potentially relevant records, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were performed in rats, and ovariectomy (OVX) was the most frequent osteoporosis induction method. Histomorphometry, micro-computed tomography (microCT), and Immunohistochemistry were the main bone repair evaluation methods. Most of the included studies (88 %) presented negative impacts of osteoporosis on the alveolar socket repair. Only three studies (12 %) showed no statistical differences among groups. Overall, most of the quality assessment categories presented a high percentage of unclear risk of bias due to insufficient information in the studies. Conclusions: The results indicated that an osteoporotic phenotype seems to impair alveolar socket repair after tooth extraction. However, there is still a lack of information and standardization. Therefore, further studies should consider the proposed methodological aspects regarding animal characteristics, OVX associated with a low calcium diet, waiting 8 weeks to osteoporosis induction, maxillary molars as the best option for tooth extraction, confirming and reporting OVX and osteoporosis success, and an appropriate method of repair analysi

Fetal and post-natal outcomes in offspring after intrauterine metformin exposure:A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal experiments

Aims: The impact of maternal metformin use during pregnancy on fetal, infant, childhood and adolescent growth, development, and health remains unclear. Our objective was to systematically review the available evidence from animal experiments on the effects of intrauterine metformin exposure on offspring's anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PUBMED and EMBASE from inception (searched on 12th April 2023). We extracted original, controlled animal studies that investigated the effects of maternal metformin use during pregnancy on offspring anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic measurements. Subsequently, risk of bias was assessed and meta-analyses using the standardized mean difference and a random effects model were conducted for all outcomes containing data from 3 or more studies. Subgroup analyses were planned for species, strain, sex and type of model in the case of 10 comparisons or more per subgroup. Results: We included 37 articles (n = 3133 offspring from n = 716 litters, containing n = 51 comparisons) in this review, mostly (95%) on rodent models and 5% pig models. Follow-up of offspring ranged from birth to 2 years of age. Thirty four of the included articles could be included in the meta-analysis. No significant effects in the overall meta-analysis of metformin on any of the anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic offspring outcome measures were identified. Between-studies heterogeneity was high, and risk of bias was unclear in most studies as a consequence of poor reporting of essential methodological details. Conclusion: This systematic review was unable to establish effects of metformin treatment during pregnancy on anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in non-human offspring. Heterogeneity between studies was high and reporting of methodological details often limited. This highlights a need for additional high-quality research both in humans and model systems to allow firm conclusions to be established. Future research should include focus on the effects of metformin in older offspring age groups, and on outcomes which have gone uninvestigated to date.</p

PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINAHONG (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN.)STEENIS.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT DARAH PADA TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) JANTAN STRAIN WISTAR HIPERURISEMIA

ABSTRAKBinahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) secara empiris digunakan menyembuhkan luka bakar, rematik, asam urat, tifus, dan stroke. Daun binahong mengandung flavonoid yang menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menguji aktivitas antioksidan senyawa flavonoid daun binahong dalam menurunkan kadar asam urat. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan membuat ekstrak daun binahong kemudian mengidentifikasi kandungan flavonoid dengan tes fitokimia. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa ekstrak daun binahong mengandung antioksidan senyawa flavonoid. Kemudian menguji aktivitas flavonoid dalam menurunkan kadar asam urat. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih jantan strain wistar yang diinduksi asam uratnya dengan pemberian jus hati ayam. Hewan uji yang digunakan sebanyak 25 ekor dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu, kelompok kontrol negatif, positif, dan kelompok perlakuan dosis I, dosis II, dosis III. Sehingga masing-masing kelompok terdapat 5 hewan uji. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen laboratorik menggunakan rancangan pretest postest dengan kelompok kontrol (pretest posttest control group design), dimana pengelompokan dilakukan berdasarkan rancangan acak Kelompok. Dengan menggunakan uji statistik, hasil yang dapatkan menunjukan ada penurunan bermakna pada kelompok kontrol positif dan kelompok perlakuan. Kesimpulannya ekstrak etanol daun binahong dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat darah pada tikus putih jantan strain wistar yang di induksi dengan pemberian jus hati ayam.Kata Kunci : Pengaruh, Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis), Hiperurisemia, Asam Urat, Tikus Wistar jantanABSTRACTBinahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) empirically used to heal burns, rheumatism, gout, typhoid, and stroke. Binahong leaves contain flavonoids that showed antioxidant activity. This study aims to identify and test the antioxidant activity of flavonoids binahong leaf to reduce uric acid levels. This study begins from extract leaf binahong then identify flavonoid with phytochemical tests. The results obtained showed that the leaf extract contains antioxidant flavonoids binahong. Then test the activity of flavonoids in reducing uric acid levels. This study used male rats Wistar strain, induced by administration of uric acid juice of chicken liver. animal experiments were used as many as 25 were divided into 5 groups: negative control group, positive, and dose treatment groups I, dose treatment groups II, dose treatment groups III. So that each group contained five experiments animals. This study was a laboratory experiment using a pretest posttest with control group (pretest posttest control group), in which the grouping Divided based on group randomized design. By using statistical tests, the results showed significant reduction for positive control group and treatment group. In conclusion binahong leaf ethanol extract can reduce blood uric acid levels in male rats wistar strain induced by administration of chicken liver juice.Keywords: Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis), hyperuricaemi, Gout, chicken liver juice. Male rats wistar strain

Effet anti-inflammatoire et cicatrisant des extraits aqueux et éthanolique des écorces du tronc de Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae)

Objectif : La présente étude a pour objectif d’étudier les effets anti-inflammatoire et cicatrisant des écorces du tronc de Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae) appelé Ombanda en langue Téké afin de valoriser les plantes médicinales de la flore spontanée congolaise.Méthodologie et résultats : La méthodologie consiste à étudier l’effet anti-inflammatoire en mesurant le volume de l’oedème de la patte ayant reçu la carragénine 1 % à l’aide d’un Pléthismomètre de type Ugo Basile 7140. Par ailleurs, des plaies d´incision circulaire de 2 cm de diamètre étaient faites chez les rats Wistar pour évaluer l’activité cicatrisante de l’extrait éthanolique pâteux des écorces de B. coriacea à 200 mg/kg. Les résultats montrent que les extraits aqueux et éthanolique des écorces du tronc de B. coriacea aux doses de 200 et 400 mg/kg s’opposent à l’augmentation du volume de l’oedème de la patte du rat induit par la carragénine 1%. Le pourcentage d’inhibition du volume de l’oedème avec l’extrait éthanolique (200 mg/kg) est de 87,34 % à la 6ème heure alors qu’avec l’extrait aqueux à la même heure et avec la même faible dose il est de 72,56 %. Concernant l’activité cicatrisante, les résultats montrent que l’application de l’extrait éthanolique pâteux des écorces de B.coriacea à 200 mg/kg sur les plaies provoque leur cicatrisation au bout de 18 jours.Conclusion et application : Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les extraits aqueux et éthanolique des écorces du tronc de Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae) ont des propriétés cicatrisantes et anti-inflammatoires qui pourraient justifier l’utilisation de cette plante en médecine traditionnelle contre les maladies inflammatoires.Mots clés : Buchholzia coriacea Engl., écorces du tronc, inflammation, cicatrisation, rats WistarAnti-inflammatory and healing effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem bark of Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae)ABSTRACTObjective: The aims of this study is to evaluate anti-inflammatory and healing effects of stem bark of Buchholzia coriacea Engl.(Capparidaceae) invited Ombanda in Teke language in order to develop the medicinal plants of Congolese flora.Methodology and results: Inflammatory was induced by administration sub-plantar of 0.05 ml of 1% carrageenan at the right paw. Oedema was measured using an Ugo Basile 7140 pletysmometer, Italy. In addition, wounds circular incision of 2 cm in diameter were made in the Wistar rats to evaluate the healing activity of ethanolic extract of the stem barks of Buchholzia coriacea at dose of 200 mg/kg. The results show that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem barks of B coriacea at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg are opposed to the increase oedema induced by the carrageenan 1% in rats. The percentage of inhibition of the oedema volume with ethanolic and aqueous extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg per sixth hour is respectively 87.34 and 72.56 %. Concerning the healing activity, the results show that the application of the ethanolic extract of stem barks of B. coriacea at dose of 200 mg/kg on the wounds causes their cicatrization at the end of 18 days.Conclusion and application: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem barks of Buchholzia coriacea Engl (Capparidaceae) show healing properties and anti-inflammatory effect. These results could justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine against the inflammatory diseases.Key words: Buchholzia coriacea, cicatrization, inflammation, rats stem barks

UJI EFEK ANALGETIKA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)

UJI EFEK ANALGETIKA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) Cicilia Bertha Uli Lumban Gaol1), Widdhi Bodhi1), Widya Astuti Lolo1) 1)Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA UNSRAT Manado   ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to find out analgesic effect of ethanol extract of aloe vera leaves with concentration 0,065 g/ KgBB, 0,130 g/KgBB and 0,260 g/KgBB on male rats wistar strain induced thermic. The subject in this research were 15 white male rats wistar which divide into 5 groups, each group consist of 3 white male rats wistar. Negative control group were administered with CMC, positive control group were administered with asetosal, and experiment groups were administered with ethanol extract of aloe vera leaves. Analgesic test were examined by giving pain simulation to treated animals, such a 65oC heat simulation. The response which observed were rats licking hind feet or jumping response. The observation was conducted for 1 minute. Observations were conducted before extract administration, then at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after administered. The results shows that ethanol extract of aloe vera leaves with concentration 0,065 g/ KgBB, 0,130 g/KgBB and 0,260 g/KgBB possess analgesic effect on white male rats wistar, especially concentration  0,260 g/KgBB. Key words : pain, analgesic, aloe vera leaves ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek analgetika ekstrak etanol daun lidah buaya dengan dosis 0,065 g/ KgBB, dosis 0,130 g/KgBB dan dosis 0,260 g/KgBB pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi secara termik. Subjek penelitian ini ialah 15 ekor tikus wistar yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (CMC), kelompok kontrol positif (Asetosal) dan kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak etanol daun lidah buaya). Pengujian efek analgetika dilakukan dengan cara memberikan rangsangan nyeri pada hewan uji, berupa rangsangan panas dengan suhu 65oC. Respon tikus yang diamati yaitu gerakan menjilat kaki belakang dan atau melompat. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 1 menit. Pengamatan dilakukan sebelum pemberian zat uji, kemudian berturut-turut pada menit ke-30, 60, 90 dan 120 setelah pemberian zat uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun lidah buaya dengan dosis 0,065 g/ KgBB, dosis 0,130 g/KgBB dan dosis 0,260 g/KgBB memiliki efek analgetika pada tikus wistar terutama pada dosis 0,260 g/KgBB.   Kata kunci : nyeri, analgetika, daun lidah buaya

Animal Models for Anorexia Nervosa—A Systematic Review

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image which usually leads to low caloric intake and hyperactivity. The underlying mechanism and pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa is still poorly understood. In order to learn more about the underlying pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa and to find further possible treatment options, several animal models mimicking anorexia nervosa have been developed. The aim of this review is to systematically search different databases and provide an overview of existing animal models and to discuss the current knowledge gained from animal models of anorexia nervosa. For the systematic data search, the Pubmed—Medline database, Embase database, and Web of Science database were searched. After removal of duplicates and the systematic process of selection, 108 original research papers were included in this systematic review. One hundred and six studies were performed with rodents and 2 on monkeys. Eighteen different animal models for anorexia nervosa were used in these studies. Parameters assessed in many studies were body weight, food intake, physical activity, cessation of the estrous cycle in female animals, behavioral changes, metabolic and hormonal alterations. The most commonly used animal model (75 of the studies) is the activity-based anorexia model in which typically young rodents are exposed to time-reduced access to food (a certain number of hours a day) with unrestricted access to a running wheel. Of the genetic animal models, one that is of particular interest is the anx/anx mice model. Animal models have so far contributed many findings to the understanding of mechanisms of hunger and satiety, physical activity and cognition in an underweight state and other mechanisms relevant for anorexia nervosa in humans

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Semangka (Citrullus Lanatus) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Asam Urat Pada Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus Novergicus)

ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF WATERMELON EXTRACT (Citrullus lanatus) ON THE DECREASE OF URIC ACID LEVEL IN WHITE MALE RATS WISTAR (Rattus novergicus) Riri Eltadeza, Devi Usdiana Rosyidah Faculty Of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta Backround : Citrullus lanatus is rich content of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Flavonoid has an effect on decreasing uric acid levels by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase enzymes that can reduce uric acid levels of white rats. Objective: To determine the effect of watermelon extract on the decrease of uric acid level in white male rats wistar. Method: This research is a laboratory experimental research with pretest-post test method with control group design. It used 25 male white rats of wistar strain 2-3 months old with 150-250 gram weight with potassium oxonate induced and divided into 5 groups: negative control group (aquades), positive control (allopurinol 2,52 mg / 200gBB), treatment of extract 500 mg 200gBB, 1000 mg/200gBB, and 1500 mg/200gBB. Result: One Way Anova test 2 hours after treatment was obtained p = 0,049 and 4 hours after treatment was obtained p = 0.003 (p <0.05) this means that there was significant difference of uric acid level in each group after treatment. In the LSD test 2 hours after treatment the results were found to different significantly in groups K (-) - K (+) and K (+) - D1. LSD 4 hours after treatment showed different significantly results in groups K (-) - K (+), K (-) - D2, K (-) - D3, and K (+) – D1. Conclution : Watermelon Extract has an effect on decreasing uric acid levels in white male rats wistar. The most optimal effect of uric acid reduction is watermelon extract dose III 1500 mg/200gBB. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus, Uric acid, Rat wista

Suppression of sweet taste-related responses by plant-derived bioactive compounds and eating. Part II: A systematic review in animals

This article, the second in a two-part series, continues the discussion on the nature of the relationship between the level of sweet taste suppression and eating behaviour, but in animal rather human subjects. In particular, the aim was to review the scientific literature on the impact that bioactive compounds that decrease oral sweet sensations have on intake, preference and physiological status in preclinical studies. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network and covered original papers included in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Food Science Source and Food Science and technology abstracts. We identified 28 peer-reviewed English-language studies that fit the topic and met the inclusion criteria. We identified three plant species, Gymnema sylvestre, Hovenia dulcis, and Ziziphus jujuba, that possess acute sweetness-inhibitory properties. When administered orally, these plants reduced neural responses to sweet stimuli and decreased consumption. However, studies on the longer-term effects of antisweet activity remain to be conducted. Translating the valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between sweet taste impairment and eating behaviour into practical clinical applications are discussed.Grant PID2021-129042OA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”FPU Fellowship under Grant FPU20/02400 (Ministry of Universities, Spain)Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBU