8 research outputs found

    Blind Restoration of Motion Blurred Barcode Images using Ridgelet Transform and Radial Basis Function Neural Network

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    The aim of any image restoration techniques is recovering the original image from a degraded observation. One of the most common degradation phenomena in images is motion blur. In case of blind image restoration accurate estimation of motion blur parameters is required for deblurring of such images. This paper proposed a novel technique for estimating the parameters of motion blur using ridgelet transform. Initially, the energy of ridgelet coefficients is used to estimate the blur angle and then blur length is estimated using a radial biases function neural network. This work is tested on different barcode images with varying parameters of blur. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the restoration performance

    Agent swarm classification network ASCN

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    In this paper we introduced a newly RBF Classification Network - "Agent Swarm Classification Network ASCN", which is trained by a Multi-agent systems (MAS) approach. MAS can be regarded as a swarm of independent software agents interact with each other to achieve common goals, complete concurrent distributed tasks under autonomous control. By treating each neuron as an agent, the weights of neurons can be determined through a set of pre-defined simple agent behavior. Three sets of experiments are examined to observe the effectiveness of the proposed method. 漏 2004 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

    Application of data mining techniques to predict the performance of matured Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands Systems treating urban wastewater

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    The rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, due to technological advancement, led to severe environmental pollution. The environmental pollution in the last few decades resulted in an adverse impact on the environment causing massive accumulation of wastewater. Wastewater is one of the closest sources of environmental problems, at the same time water scarcity is becoming alarming due to its high demand as the global population is increasing. Hence, the application for managing available water resources becomes crucial. The ever-increasing demand for water brings the need for wastewater treatment as an alternative source of water. Constructed Wetlands (CW) have gained broader research attention due to their environmental and safety benefits for wastewater treatment. In this study, over three years of monitoring performance data from 03rd December 2014 to 28th March 2018 (thirty-nine months) of the vertical flow vertical wetlands system, receiving and treating domestic wastewater, were collected and utilised to assess and investigate the treatment performance efficiency of the Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland Systems (VFCWs) for removing pollutants from wastewater. Different laboratory-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands filters filled with gravel and planted with common reed were built to remove removal from wastewater. The overall evaluation of the system treatment performance was calculated using percentage removal efficiency. The results were recorded it was observed that all vertical flow constructed wetland filters had recorded high removal performance for the water quality parameters, irrespective of filter set-up and operation. The system was discovered to be very useful in pollutants removal (water quality parameters) with significant efficiency. However, the high cost of analysis laboratory tests, time-consuming parameters couple with uncertainties associated with an analysis of water quality variables, lead to the development of two data mining technique models Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). To predict the wastewater treatment performance of CW by predicting selected output water quality parameters these include Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), orthophosphate phosphorous (PO4-P), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and suspended solids (SS) with respect to other known input parameters that will provide comfortable, reliable and cost-effective methods. Correlation analysis was conducted to select the most highly correlated input parameters to be used for the model development (prediction of output parameter). The monitoring dataset of all the parameters used was divided into training dataset to build prediction models (MLR and MLP) and testing dataset to validate the models constructed. In this current work, 70% of the whole data was used as a training dataset while the remaining 30% of the data set was used as a testing dataset. The prediction models built were evaluated and compared using two model evaluation criteria: graphical model evaluation (scatter plot and hydrograph) and numerical model error evaluation criteria using five model evaluation criteria, these include: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), regression coefficient (r), Relative Absolute Error (RAE), mean absolute error (MAE) and root relative squared error (RRSE). The results obtained indicated that the predicted values of output parameters were in good agreement and relationship with their respective measured parameters. Thus, this showed that the two models built yielded satisfactory predictions and both models had performed reasonably well in predicting output variables concentrations accurately given the value of input dependent variable. Furthermore, the comparison between the model's outcomes showed that MLP model prediction performance was discovered to be better than the MLR model in a majority of water quality parameters. Both models built could be effectively used as a tool for predicting removal of water quality parameters efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetlands treating domestic wastewater and in predicting constructed wetland performance in wastewater treatment process in term of pollutants removal. The results demonstrated the potentiality of vertical flow constructed wetlands to treat domestic wastewater and remove pollutants for future reuse

    Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World

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    The contributions cover a wide range of methodologies and application areas for safety and reliability that contribute to safe societies in a changing world. These methodologies and applications include: - foundations of risk and reliability assessment and management - mathematical methods in reliability and safety - risk assessment - risk management - system reliability - uncertainty analysis - digitalization and big data - prognostics and system health management - occupational safety - accident and incident modeling - maintenance modeling and applications - simulation for safety and reliability analysis - dynamic risk and barrier management - organizational factors and safety culture - human factors and human reliability - resilience engineering - structural reliability - natural hazards - security - economic analysis in risk managemen

    Mathematical model of interactions immune system with Micobacterium tuberculosis

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    Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in the world, because of the increasing prevalence and treatment outcomes are less satisfactory. About 3 million people die each year and an estimated one third of the world's population infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M.tb) is latent. This is apparently related to incomplete understanding of the immune system in infection M.tb. When this has been known that immune responses that play a role in controlling the development of M.tb is Macrophages, T Lymphocytes and Cytokines as mediators. However, how the interaction between the two populations and a variety of cytokines in suppressing the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis germ is still unclear. To be able to better understand the dynamics of infection with M tuberculosis host immune response is required of a model.One interesting study on the interaction of the immune system with M.tb mulalui mathematical model approach. Mathematical model is a good tool in understanding the dynamic behavior of a system. With the mediation of mathematical models are expected to know what variables are most responsible for suppressing the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis germ that can be a more appropriate approach to treatment and prevention target is to develop a vaccine. This research aims to create dynamic models of interaction between macrophages (Macrophages resting, macrophages activated and macrophages infected), T lymphocytes (CD4 + T cells and T cells CD8 +) and cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10,IL-12,IFN-dan TNF-) on TB infection in the lung. To see the changes in each variable used parameter values derived from experimental literature. With the understanding that the variable most responsible for defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis germs, it can be used as the basis for the development of a vaccine or drug delivery targeted so hopefully will improve the management of patients with tuberculosis. Mathematical models used in building Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) in the form of differential equation systems Non-linear first order, the equation contains the functions used in biological systems such as the Hill function, Monod function, Menten- Kinetic Function. To validate the system used 4th order Runge Kutta method with the help of software in making the program Matlab or Maple to view the behavior and the quantity of cells of each population

    Astrof铆sica computacional : aplicaci贸n de t茅cnicas de inteligencia artificial en la clasificaci贸n y parametrizaci贸n de espectros estelares

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    [Resumen] En este trabajo de tesis doctoral se aborda la automatizaci贸n de la clasificaci贸n de las estrellas a trav茅s del an谩lisis de su espectro 贸ptico mediante t茅cnicas computacionales, fundamentalmente dentro de la rama de la Inteligencia Artificial. El sistema de informaci贸n desarrollado, STARMIND, permite automatizar la clasificaci贸n en el sistema MK y la extracci贸n de par谩metros f铆sicos tales como la temperatura efectiva o la gravedad, mediante la combinaci贸n de algoritmos de procesamiento de se帽ales, m茅todos estad铆sticos y t茅cnicas de Inteligencia Artificial integradas por medio de una base de datos astron贸micos disponible a trav茅s de Internet. La revisi贸n exhaustiva de los criterios que rigen el proceso de clasificaci贸n en el sistema MK ha posibilitado la adquisici贸n y representaci贸n del conocimiento heur铆stico de los astr贸nomos expertos en tales tareas, integr谩ndose este en una base de reglas jerarquizadas que reflejan de manera objetiva las relaciones impl铆citas entre los diferentes 铆ndices relativos a caracter铆sticas morfol贸gicas de los espectros y los distintos grupos considerados en el sistema est谩ndar, esto es, tipos espectrales y clases de luminosidad. El grado de adecuaci贸n de cada uno de los criterios de clasificaci贸n obtenidos como resultado del mencionado estudio, se ha evaluado objetivamente por medio de la verificaci贸n de su capacidad real de discriminaci贸n sobre un conjunto completo y consistente de espectros de estrellas est谩ndares del sistema MK, recopilado a trav茅s de diversas campa帽as propias de observaci贸n llevadas a cabo en el Observatorio Astron贸mico Internacional del Roque de los Muchachos. Como resultado de este an谩lisis de sensibilidad, ha sido posible obtener un conjunto final completo de 铆ndices y criterios de clasificaci贸n entre los que se recogen algunos que, si bien no se consideran expl铆citamente en las t茅cnicas manuales (SiII, bandas tempranas de TiO, etc.), han demostrado un comportamiento altamente satisfactorio. Durante el proceso de b煤squeda de soluciones eficientes para el tratamiento autom谩tico de espectros estelares, se llev贸 a cabo un an谩lisis diferencial completo de distintos m茅todos computacionales tanto estad铆sticos (K-means, FCM, ISODATA, PCA, Max-Min, FKNN) como pertenecientes a la rama de la Inteligencia Artificial (redes neuronales, sistemas basados en el conocimiento, l贸gica difusa, redes funcionales), que condujo de manera natural a la formalizaci贸n de un sistema h铆brido que representa una forma m谩s vers谩til, adaptada y eficiente de emular el proceso actual de clasificaci贸n basado en el estudio visual de las caracter铆sticas morfol贸gicas m谩s relevantes de los espectros. En una primera aproximaci贸n, el desarrollo de tal sistema se abord贸 desde la perspectiva de la integraci贸n funcional de las implementaciones de los m茅todos computacionales evaluados que redundaron en un rendimiento 贸ptimo, incluyendo asimismo un mecanismo de traducci贸n conexionista-simb贸lico basado en la estimaci贸n de los factores de certeza de las reglas de conocimiento a partir de los pesos sin谩pticos de las arquitecturas neuronales. Finalmente, se lleg贸 a un enfoque neuro-simb贸lico que se sustenta en la cooperaci贸n activa entre un sistema experto difuso, encargado de efectuar las estimaciones iniciales, y un conjunto de redes neuronales de clasificaci贸n que refinan las conclusiones obtenidas hasta los niveles de subtipo y clase de luminosidad, asign谩ndoles asimismo un valor de probabilidad que indica el grado de confianza que se puede depositar en sus respuestas. La experiencia adquirida en el dise帽o de arquitecturas neuronales eficientes durante el desarrollo del sistema h铆brido de clasificaci贸n tuvo una aplicaci贸n adicional en el problema de obtenci贸n de los par谩metros f铆sicos m谩s relevantes de las estrellas, logr谩ndose una caracterizaci贸n adecuada de las mismas especialmente en temperatura, lo cual condujo a proponer asimismo una calibraci贸n propia e inicial entre tipo espectral MK y temperatura estelar efectiva. La estructuraci贸n de toda la informaci贸n disponible a trav茅s de una base de datos relacional permite disponer en todo momento de un cat谩logo uniforme y estad铆sticamente significativo de estrellas est谩ndares de clasificaci贸n. El dise帽o de una interfaz ergon贸mica para el acceso p煤blico a esta base de datos astron贸mica online ha conseguido que el car谩cter de esta sea fuertemente din谩mico, pues se nutre de los espectros, medidas y clasificaciones que se obtienen durante su fase de explotaci贸n. Asimismo, ofrece al usuario-astr贸nomo la posibilidad de visualizar, analizar y clasificar los espectros de una forma f谩cil y sencilla sin necesidad de la ejecuci贸n de c贸digo adicional alguno. La interfaz web desarrollada, adem谩s de posibilitar la realizaci贸n no supervisada de tantos an谩lisis morfol贸gicos, clasificaciones y parametrizaciones f铆sicas como se desee, constituye una herramienta 贸ptima para solicitar y recibir la retroalimentaci贸n de la comunidad astrof铆sica, lo cual facilita enormemente el mantenimiento y perfeccionamiento del sistema, logrando que este se adapte m谩s convenientemente para satisfacer las necesidades espec铆ficas de los usuarios. Asimismo, el dise帽o modular de la misma garantiza la flexibilidad del sistema de informaci贸n desarrollado, pues posibilita la f谩cil integraci贸n de nuevos m茅todos de tratamiento estelar basados en t茅cnicas astron贸micas y/o computacionales distintas que puedan resultar apropiadas en un futuro para tratar el problema de clasificaci贸n/parametrizaci贸n estelar. La incorporaci贸n de un m贸dulo autoexplicativo en la aplicaci贸n final facilita la comprensi贸n tanto del proceso de razonamiento llevado a cabo por el sistema como del significado de las respuestas obtenidas, convirti茅ndose al mismo tiempo en un mecanismo muy 煤til de verificaci贸n de criterios de clasificaci贸n que adquiere un valor a帽adido como herramienta did谩ctica en la formaci贸n y entrenamiento de nuevo personal en el campo de la clasificaci贸n espectral. El sistema h铆brido desarrollado, que supone la soluci贸n computacional final propuesta para el problema planteado al inicio de esta tesis doctoral, ha demostrado ser capaz de estimar la clasificaci贸n bidimensional de los espectros estelares con una tasa de 茅xito similar, y en algunos casos ligeramente superior, al porcentaje de acuerdo entre los expertos humanos que los han clasificado manualmente (alrededor del 85% tanto para tipo espectral como para clase de luminosidad), seleccionando y aplicando a cada tipo de espectro particular el m茅todo m谩s id贸neo para su procesamiento autom谩tico, logr谩ndose de este modo una mayor eficiencia, versatilidad y adaptaci贸n al proceso tradicional de clasificaci贸n de espectros 贸pticos estelares en el sistema MK
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