Asian Port Performance Dimensions and Analyses: a Systematic Literature Review

Purpose: The  aim  of  the  study  was  to  analyze  the  performance dimensions and performance analysis techniques applied in studies of Asian port performance   Theoretical framework: The lack of literature in the context of port performance dimensions in Asian was  the  theoretical  basis  of  the study. A related study on Asian port performance was analysed and listed in the study based on thematic approach.   Design/methodology/approach: The PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used to guide this research, based on the databases of the two most prominent sources of articles which is Web of Science and Scopus.   Findings: This review identified four main categories surrounding the dimensions of port performance, those being operational dimensions, dimensions surrounding customers’ perspectives, logistical dimensions, and organizational dimensions. Furthermore, the following three performance analysis approaches were identified as being preferred by researchers of the Asian region: efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The current findings of this research have shown that most studies on Asian ports focus on their efficiency and competitiveness rather than their productivity. A productivity survey might give a better overview of port performance as it concerns the actual output of the ports.   Originality/value: The systematic literature review (SLR) approach were hardly found in study of port performance. At the same time, the PRISMA method were applied to synthesized previous studies on port performance in Asian is another niche of the study

Determinants of Malaysian port competitiveness: An application of resource-base view

The ultimate goal of strategic management research is to search for the explanation of why some firms are more successful than their competitors. This study applies the Resource-based View Theory to get a full understanding of how ports capitalize the resources and competency to compete and improve port performance. This study identifies factors that can increase the port's performance by analyzing the relationship between port tangible and intangible resources and port performance. Port tangibles resources include financial assets, physical assets and technology assets, whereas port intangible assets include intellectual property assets, organizational assets and port capabilities. A total of 123 respondents from major ports in Malaysia were involved in this survey. This study found out that one dimension of port intangible resources which is port capabilities do have a significant influence on port performance. However, two other dimensions of intangible assets which are intellectual property assets and organizational assets have no significant influence on port performance. In term of tangible resources, this study found out that all assets such as financial assets, physical assets and technology assets do not have any significant influence on port performance. The findings of this study are expected to have implications for the port industry on the importance of port capabilities in improving port performance and competitiveness. This study provides recommendations to industry, discusses the limitations of the study and provides suggestions for future research

Revisiting port performance measurement: A hybrid multi-stakeholder framework for the modelling of port performance indicators

This study develops a new port performance measurement model by taking the perspectives from different port stakeholders. The novelty lies in the modelling of interdependencies among port performance measures, and the combination of weights of interdependent measures with both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the measures from multiple stakeholders for quantitative port performance measurement. It represents an effective performance measurement tool and offers a diagnostic instrument for performance evaluation and/or monitoring of ports and terminals so as to satisfy different requirements of various port stakeholders in a flexible manner. © 201

The relationship between ‘position-port’, ‘hardport’ and ‘soft-port’ characteristics and port performance: conceptual models

This research study attempts to conceptualize models based on the relationship between characterization factors and port performance. By selecting a universe of the 230 largest European ports in terms of cargo throughput, 43 valid answers were obtained. Factor analysis and K–W (Kruskal–Wallis) tests were carried out taking as a reference the port performance theory. Findings reveal the existence of a relationship between port performance and its characterization factors, delving into the development of conceptualized models that contribute to deepen the knowledge of port competition structure and dynamics within Europe.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Good Practices in Strategic Port Performance

The objective of this paper is to identify the approaches and the Code of Good Practices related to the four dimensions of sustainability (economic, social, environmental, and institutional) in the port sector and provide a framework for action based on transparency, monitoring of indicators, and accountability for the future development of sustainable initiatives. Concerns and demands for greater commitment have been increasing in recent years; however, there are still wide divergences regarding the use of indexes. The key performance indicators are presented based on economic, institutional, social and environmental dimensions and an analysis is made of the different elements needed to efficiently address the decision-making process for a modern strategic approach to ports

The impact of Port Community Systems (PCS) characteristics on performance

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of the port community system (PCS) and its influence on port performance. The techniques of principal component analysis and structural equation modelling are applied to 153 valid responses from a sample, obtained from Portuguese port community experts. The results identify and measure the factors that characterize the PCS and affects port performance. PCS characteristic, including service level, partner network, ship services, cargo services, logistics services and advanced services, affect port performance, defined as operational performance, effectiveness and efficiency. The primary contribution of this study is to show the mechanisms that allow ports to adjust and evolve the PCS characteristics and develop new features that affect port performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The nexus between port governance and performance

The diversity of port governance models in the world, sometimes even within the same country, has aroused the interest of researchers. This study is based on contingency theory to support the port governance model. The purpose is to understand the port governance model and the relation with port performance. There are three objectives: to analyze the port governance mechanisms; to analyze the port performance factors; and to understand the influence of the governance model mechanisms on port performance. A factorial analysis was used to determine the main components, and the methodology of the structural equation model was used to analyze a survey sample of 105 valid responses from specialists and managers of port user’s companies that operate in the main Portuguese ports. This study demonstrates that port governancemodel influences directly the port performance. The main contribution of this paper to the literature is providing a set of factors that public managers may decide when changing the characteristics of the port governance models to ensure their performance. It was also observed the approximation of the port expert vision of port governance with models described in literature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Northeast Asian containerised maritime logistics: supply chain collaboration, collaborative advantage and performance

This thesis aims to develop and validate the dimensions of supply chain collaboration and collaborative advantage in the containerised maritime industry and explores the impact of supply chain collaboration on collaborative advantage and port performance. Additionally, this thesis tests a mediation effect of collaborative advantage on the relationship between supply chain collaboration and port performance. This thesis employs a quantitative method. A theoretical model is built based on thorough literature reviews of supply chain management and maritime studies, in-depth discussions with experts, item review and Q-sorting techniques to signify ambiguity or misunderstanding with the scales and to suggest modifications. The proposed model is empirically tested with survey data using 178 responses from terminal operators, shipping lines, inland transport companies, freight forwarders, ship management companies and third-party logistics providers involved in maritime logistics in the major containers ports of Busan, Gwangyang and Incheon for a comprehensive and balanced view by using structural equation modelling. With regard to the findings of the empirical research, three main constructs were successfully validated as multi-dimensional constructs. The structural paths support hypotheses that supply chain collaboration has a positive influence on collaborative advantage, and collaborative advantage has a strong contribution to port performance. However, the direct impact of supply chain collaboration on port performance is insignificant. A hierarchical approach of the mediation test and bootstrapping test found that the association between supply chain collaboration and port performance is fully mediated by collaborative advantage. In other words, the greater degree of supply chain collaboration between the port and port user enables them to gain a higher degree of collaborative advantage, and, in turn, this collaborative advantage can contribute to augmenting port performance. This thesis synthesises transaction cost theory, resource based theory and a relational view to explain how supply chain collaboration influences collaborative advantage and port performance. Its theoretical contribution expands the concept of supply chain collaboration and collaborative advantage into containerised maritime contexts, capturing the perspective of the ports and port users. Further, despite numerous maritime studies which extol the importance of collaboration between the ports and port users, no systematic approach has previously developed and validated those constructs and relationships. The various maritime logistics organisations would benefit from applying the results of this study to their supply chain collaboration practices when seeking greater collaborative advantage. The results heed practitioners in containerised maritime logistics organisations to focus on balancing the facets of supply chain collaboration to transport flows of containers seamlessly and efficiently from door-to-door, as supply chain management philosophy drives the maritim

Metrics for Assessing Overall Performance of Inland Waterway Ports: A Bayesian Network Based Approach

Because ports are considered to be the heart of the maritime transportation system, thereby assessing port performance is necessary for a nation’s development and economic success. This study proposes a novel metric, namely, “port performance index (PPI)”, to determine the overall performance and utilization of inland waterway ports based on six criteria, port facility, port availability, port economics, port service, port connectivity, and port environment. Unlike existing literature, which mainly ranks ports based on quantitative factors, this study utilizes a Bayesian Network (BN) model that focuses on both quantitative and qualitative factors to rank a port. The assessment of inland waterway port performance is further analyzed based on different advanced techniques such as sensitivity analysis and belief propagation. Insights drawn from the study show that all the six criteria are necessary to predict PPI. The study also showed that port service has the highest impact while port economics has the lowest impact among the six criteria on PPI for inland waterway ports

Can Supply Chain Connectivity Effect on the Relationship between Port Performance and Economic Growth?

In the past decade, the ports served as a node in a network of transportation, trade and global supply chain. Their roles are becoming increasingly important. Their important role in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of transport has been recognized, as well as in realizing the connectivity and competitiveness of a country. In addition, their most important role is to develop and grow national economy. This study is aimed at analyzing the relationship between the performance of the ports and the country's economic growth by having the function of mediation by supply chain connectivity. Tanjung Priok Port as the main port in Indonesia is chosen as a case study. Port performance is measured by eight indicators, while the supply chain connectivity measured by seven indicators, and national economic growth measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) constructs. Linear regression analysis is used to identify the relationships developed based on three hypotheses. The study concludes that the increase of port performance has no direct effect on the countrys economic growth, but this increase affects the supply chain connectivity directly. The analysis also shows that the supply chain connectivity affects the relationship between port performance and countrys economic growth. The importance of the port for the countrys economic growth needs to be addressed with improved port performance and connectivity between ports, and it certainly demands hard efforts from the port authorities and other stakeholders