Reconstructing socio-cultural identity :Malay culture and architecture in Pekanbaru, Indonesia

PhD ThesisIdentity can be changed and reconstructed. Thus, it is seen as capable of supporting dynamic changes in real life through the transformation of practices and the articulation of social relations. This study examines how the reconstruction of identity of place is affected by culture and cultural production, and is an unfixed, unfinished and varying process that affects both the place and society. Particularly concomitant with shifts of power, the reconstruction attempts to impose one group’s values over those of other groups in cultural life and social transformation. Despite forming only one‐fifth of the population of the Indonesian city of Pekanbaru, Malay people have emerged as a group who have held important positions in both local government and urban society since 2000. This makes Pekanbaru city an intriguing research case. After more than a decade, the implementation of the group’s has led to visible changes in the city. This can be seen in the use of Malay architectural motifs on buildings, and the introduction of ‘new’ traditions to establish the madani city, which develops physically, socially and in the spirit of Malayness. By using a qualitative approach, this study investigates the influence of Malay culture in Pekanbaru city. The field data can be grouped into three types: physical evidence, people’s interpretations, and archive data collected using a range of methods such as observation, semi‐structured interviews, testimonies, and group discussions. The data are analysed and interpreted within an iterative process to expand understanding of the processes of reconstructing identity. Thus, this study affirms a wide range of thought about connections between the culture and identity of place which is identified through architecture and sociocultural change in urban society. In turn, this study offers particular insights into how identity on the margins becomes an exclusive set of collective identities

Parental Awareness on Teenage Smoking Behavior in Yogyakarta and Bali

Smoking or being healthy is not a suitable offers to young teenagers (ages 13-15 years), because they have not able to take responsibility for the negative impacts of their choices on smoking behaviors. In addition, they have not been well informed about cigarettes and their dangers. The data indicate that there was a high rate of smoking behavior for adolescents aged 13-15 years (55.71%), including trial smoking behavior. However, only 39% of parents are aware of their children smoking behavior. This study aims were determining the awareness of parents and its form on the smoking behavior of their teenage children after treatment. The design of this study was a pre-posttest experiment with control group design. Around 301 parents of 8th grade boy student from 7 junior high schools were considered respondents. The latter came from 2 locations namely Yogyakarta and Tabanan Bali. For determining the respondents, cluster random sampling was used. The respondents were grouped into 3 groups (X1 treatment group, X2 treatment group and control group). The treatment is to provide information about cigarettes and its danger. It was given once by health workers. The measured variable is the respondent awareness and its form that was obtained from the students using selfreported questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Chi-square test with 0.05 level of significant. The results showed that there was a significant increase the parental awareness after treatment (p value 0.0001). This can happen because the intervention strengthened the predisposing factor to realize the respondents’ caring behavior as well as the concept of behavioral determinant of LW Green. In the X2 treatment group (non-smoker respondents) showed a higher increase of parental awareness than X1 treatment group (smoker respondents) and control group. This happens because they get support from health workers and get healthy conditions as resulted from their behavior. They will continue to remain as nonsmokers and encourage their teenage children to look up to them in order to get a similar reward, as the law of effect theory by E.L Thorndike made it clear. The form of awareness that many parents chose is the message upholding the primary prevention. The conclusion of the research stresses on continuously fetching more knowledge about cigarettes and its dangers, as one of the best mechanisms that can increase the parental awareness against teenage smoking behavior

The Paradigm of Malayness in Literature.

This study is a study on the paradigm of Malayness in literature, taking as its point of departure the understanding of Malayness in Malaysia. A prominent Malaysian social anthropologist, Shamsul Amri Baharuddin (Shamsul A. B.), has outlined a contemporary understanding of Malayness in Malaysia based on an authority-defined social reality: the three pillars of Malayness comprising Bahasa/language (Malay), agama/religion (Islam) and raja/monarchy (the Malay rulers). I hypothesised in this study, however, that a broader understanding of Malayness is reflected in the works of literature in the form of an everyday-defined social reality consisting also of adat/culture, ethnicity and identity apart from the Malay language, Islam and the Malay rulers. The focus of this study centres on an exploration of the paradigm of Malayness in a body of English and Malay literary works on the Malay World based on six elements of the paradigm of Malayness I hypothesised, namely the Malay language, Islam, the Malay rulers, adat/culture, ethnicity and identity. The hypothesised paradigm of Malayness is employed as a conceptual framework where analyses of selected works in both English and Malay literature are conducted based on a close textual analysis approach. The results from the analyses are then compared and contrasted. This study has determined that Shamsul's three pillars of Malayness as an authority-defined social reality cannot be corroborated in the works of literature because I found that the paradigm of Malayness in literature is in fact an everyday-defined social reality. It is understood to refer to not only the three pillars but to a broader understanding comprising adat/culture, ethnicity and identity as I hypothesised. The paradigm of Malayness is found to be an everyday-defined social reality based on a local and broad understanding and therefore contests the current understanding of Malayness as an invented tradition conceptualised ideologically during colonial times

Pesan Moral dalam Naskah Tazkirah Al-Thullab

Dewasa ini kita diresahkan dengan menurunnya nilai moral di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Sebenarnya, para ulama Nusantara telah menyampaikan pesan-pesan moral di dalam kitabnya. Penelitian ini mengkaji kandungan naskah Tadzkirah al-Thullab yang berisi ide dan adat istiadat serta gagasan spiritual. Penelitian ini memakai pendekatan filologis pada naskah tunggal dengan melakukan suntingan teks dan analisanya terkait pesan moral di dalamnya. Ada 6 poin pembelajaran moral dalam naskah ini, yaitu: penghormatan kepada orangtua dan guru, interaksi dengan orang bodoh, etika bermajlis dalam jamaah, tingkatan manusia di mata tuhan, amalan tasawuf, dan nasehat kepada anak

Prosiding Islam and Humanities ( Islam and Malay Local Wisdom)

Kontak Melayu sebagai entitas kebudayaan dengan Asia Barat (Arab) melahirkan asimilasi budaya yang sangat kuat dan berpengaruh pada penyebaran agama Islam di wilayah Asia Tenggara. Kebudayaan Arab merupakan kebudayaan yang paling banyak berpengaruh di samping budaya dari kawasan anak benua India dan Asia Selatan. Begitu kuatnya pengaruh Islam terhadap kebudayaan Melayu sehingga muncul kesimpulan bahwa "Dunia Melayu Dunia Islam". Prosiding ini menghimpun karya-karya tulis dengan bertemakan Islam and Humanities (Islam and Malay Local Wisdom)

The breach in the dike : regime change and the standardization of public primary-school teacher training in Indonesia, 1893-1969

The aim of the present study is to examine the transformation of teacher training in Indonesia from 1893 to 1969. Public teacher training altered over time to keep in step with the changing requirements in public primary school curricula which had been incurred by economic and political factors. In colonial time the government policy was to prepare Indonesian teachers in the Netherlands Indies according to a standard which would gradually be raised so that in the end, they could concur with the level of the training originally designed for their European counterparts. The introduction of the Kweekschoolplan in 1927 heralded the re-organization and transformation of the kweekschool and the Hogere Kweekschool (HKS) into Hollands Inlandse Kweekschool (HIK). Alas, the Great Depression in 1929 dispelled the colonial dream and the Japanese invasion in 1942 completely altered the next chapter in the history of Indonesian society. The post-war period witnessed three essential points: the brain-drain from schools of the Indonesians who had been educated at the HIK; the removal of Dutch from public school; and the influx of American professors to the schools of teacher training. Now the patterns of expectations of teachers in Indonesia drastically changed, but the nature of teacher training remained basically unchanged. This disjunction implies that the transition from colonial to post-colonial State revealed a paradox in which continuity and change were juxtaposed. The switch from the Dutch to the American model of teacher training in the late 1950s reflected a spirit of reform but also created confusion in the Indonesian search for the meaning of independence.The institutional re-organization of teacher training during the 1950s which continued into the 1960s reflected the bigger narrative of Indonesian State formation at the time. Here, the process of regime change displayed the politics of elimination with a startling lack of understanding of historical experience. A dichotomous way of seeing matters, a rigid option of ‘either this or that’ and a perspective which sharply differentiated between ‘we’ and ‘they’ came to the top list of priorities.LEI Universiteit LeidenLeiden University Department of History, Yayasan Arsari Djojohadikusumo, Gratama Foundation, Harian Kompas, United States-Indonesia SocietyColonial and Global Histor

Culture, People and Technology: The Driving Forces for Tourism Cities Proceedings of 8th ITSA Biennial Conference 2020

This is the proceedings of the 8th Biennial Conference of the International Tourism Studies Association, held in Jakarta and Singapore, 2nd December 202

Proceedings of 8th ITSA Biennial Conference 2020

Over the past few decades, hotel guests’ service expectations grew from services such as check-in and check-out (Cobanoglu, Corbaci, Moreo & Ekinci, 2003) to expecting hotels to, amongst others, provide services relating to tourist attractions (Adler & Gordon, 2013; Yeh, Leong, Blecher & Hu, 2005). Despite these developments, South Africa (SA) is amongst the countries confronted by the minimal utilisation of tourist attractions (National Department of Tourism, 2012) and the tourists’ lack of awareness of tourist attractions within major destinations, such as Cape Town (City of Cape Town, 2013) and Durban (eThekwini Municipality, 2014). By providing tourists with services relating to tourist attractions, hotels are likely to contribute towards addressing the minimal utilisation and lack of awareness of tourist attractions. Guest orientation (Lee, 2014), self-efficacy (Jaiswal & Dhar, 2015), motivation (Hon & Leung, 2011) and effort (Marić, Marinković, Marić & Dimitrovski, 2016) are constructs that impact on the service performance of hotel staff. However, studies have not been conducted to determine the impact of these constructs on the performance of hotel staff relating to tourist attractions. This paper forms part of a PhD study in progress which explores the constructs (Guest orientation, Self-efficacy, Motivation and Effort) that impact on hotel staff’s performance of services relating to tourist attractions. The PhD adopted a qual-QUANT research method to, in phase 1, qualitatively identify emerging themes from each construct, which will be quantitatively investigated in phase 2. This paper stems from phase 1 and aims to identify via qualitative research the key themes that emerge in each of the four constructs that are associated with hotel staff’s performance of services relating to tourist attractions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four certified hotel concierges belonging to Les Clefs d’ Or in SA. Thematic coding was used to identify the themes emerging from the qualitative data. Eight themes emerged from Guest orientation, five from Self-efficacy, seven from Motivation and ten from Effort