Integrated chaos generators

This paper surveys the different design issues, from mathematical model to silicon, involved on the design of integrated circuits for the generation of chaotic behavior.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología 1FD97-1611(TIC)European Commission ESPRIT 3110

An architecture for ultra-low-voltage ultra-low-power compressed sensing-based acquisition systems

Compressed Sensing (CS) has been addressed as a paradigm capable of lowering energy requirements in acquisition systems. Furthermore, the capability of simultaneously acquiring and compressing an input signal makes this paradigm perfectly suitable for low-power devices. However, the need for analog hardware blocks makes the adoption of most of standard solutions proposed so far in the literature problematic when an aggressive voltage and energy scaling is considered, as in the case of ultra-low-power IoT devices that need to be battery-powered or energy harvesting-powered. Here, we investigate a recently proposed architecture that, due to the lack of any analog block (except for the comparator required in the following A/D stage) is compatible with the aggressive voltage scaling required by IoT devices. Feasibility and expected performance of this architecture are investigated according to the most recent state-of-the-art literature

Proceedings of the Mobile Satellite Conference

A satellite-based mobile communications system provides voice and data communications to mobile users over a vast geographic area. The technical and service characteristics of mobile satellite systems (MSSs) are presented and form an in-depth view of the current MSS status at the system and subsystem levels. Major emphasis is placed on developments, current and future, in the following critical MSS technology areas: vehicle antennas, networking, modulation and coding, speech compression, channel characterization, space segment technology and MSS experiments. Also, the mobile satellite communications needs of government agencies are addressed, as is the MSS potential to fulfill them

Short pulse generation from semiconductor lasers: characterization, modeling and applications

Esta Tesis describe el trabajo de investigación realizado sobre pulsos ópticos generados por láseres de semiconductor con duración de decenas de picosegundos. El trabajo se ha enfocado sobre diodos láser de cavidad vertical a 1550 nm, transmisores ópticos muy prometedores por sus ventajosas características en el entorno de las comunicaciones ópticas en fibra con modulación directa. El elevado ancho de banda previsto para las futuras redes ópticas requiere el conocimiento detallado de las propiedades eléctricas de los transmisores, así como de las propiedades de los pulsos generados por éstos que transportan la información binaria. En la presente Tesis, se describen los diferentes logros alcanzados en la caracterización de dicho tipo de láseres y de los pulsos generados por ellos, así como sus aplicaciones en un entorno de comunicaciones ópticas. Se han caracterizado láseres de cavidad vertical con emisión a 1550 nm, basados en pozos cuánticos y unión túnel, a través de medi¬das estáticas y dinámicas de la impedancia eléctrica y de la respuesta en modulación entre 0 y 10 GHz. Se han modelado los parásitos eléctricos y el circuito eléctrico equivalente de la estructura del dispositivo teniendo en cuanta los efectos de captura y escape de los portadores en los pozos cuánticos. Se han calculado los parámetros intrínsecos de los dispositivos a partir de las medidas realizadas. Se han empleado los dispositivos así caracterizados para la generación de pulsos con duraciones tan pequeñas como 55 ps a diferentes frecuencias de repetición, utilizando la técnica de conmutación de ganancia. Se ha medido la duración, la amplitud del pico, el "jitter" y el ancho espectral de los pulsos en función de los parámetros de conmutación de ganancia. Se ha investigado el efecto de la inyección óptica sobre los pulsos generados con dichos láseres de cavidad vertical conmutados en ganancia, obteniéndose una reducción del "jitter" en un amplio rango de los parámetros de inyección. Se ha diseñado e implementado un codificador de acceso múltiple por división de códigos ópticos (OCDMA) basado en líneas ópticas de retardo que emplea los pulsos generados por los dispositivos conmutados en ganancia. Finalmente, se ha propuesto y demostrado una novedosa implementación de la técnica de reconstrucción de fase por medio de la diferenciación óptica ultra rápida (PROUD), para la caracterización en amplitud y fase de pulsos ópticos. El diferenciador óptico necesario para la técnica ha sido realizado con un interferómetro birrefringente basado en fibra mantenedora de la polarización. Se ha medido la variación instantánea de la frecuencia ("time resolved chirp") de pulsos de diferente duración y forma, obtenidos con un laser conmutado en ganancia, y el factor de ensanchamiento de linea del laser utilizaso. Abstract This Thesis describes the research work that has been carried out on the generation of optical pulses, with duration of tens of picoseconds, from semiconductor lasers. The work is focused on 1550 nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSEL), which are promising optical transmitters due to their advantageous characteristics in the context of fiber optical communications with directly modulated sources. The high bandwidth expected for future optical networks requires the accurate knowledge of the transmitter electrical properties and of the laser generated optical pulses which carry the binary information. This Thesis describes the various achievements obtained in the characterization of these devices and the generated pulses, as well as their applications to an optical communications environment. VCSELs emitting at 1550 nm, based on quantum wells and tunnel junction, have been characterized by static and dynamic impedance measurements and modulation response between 0 and 10 GHz. The electrical parasitics and the equivalent circuit of the device have been modeled, taking into account the effects of capture and escape of carriers in quantum wells, and the laser intrinsic parameters have been calculated from the measurements. The VCSELs have been used for pulse generation using the gain switching technique, obtaining the shortest duration of 55 ps at different repetition frequencies. The duration, peak amplitude, jitter and spectral width of the pulses have been measured as a function of the gain switching conditions. The effect of optical injection on the pulses generated by gain switched VCSELs has been investigated, obtaining a jitter reduction over a wide range of injection parameters. An Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) encoder based on optical delay lines has been designed and implemented, using the optical pulses generated by the gain switched devices. Finally, a novel implementation of the Phase Reconstruction using Optical Ultrafast Differentiation (PROUD) technique has been proposed and demonstrated for optical pulse characterization in amplitude and phase. The optical differentiator required in the PROUD technique has been realized with an interferometer based on birefringent polarization maintaining fiber. The instantaneous frequency, i.e. the time resolved chirp, of pulses with different durations and shapes obtained from a gain-switched laser, and the laser linewidth enhancement factor have been measured

Applications of MATLAB in Science and Engineering

The book consists of 24 chapters illustrating a wide range of areas where MATLAB tools are applied. These areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry and chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biological (molecular biology) and medical sciences, communication and control systems, digital signal, image and video processing, system modeling and simulation. Many interesting problems have been included throughout the book, and its contents will be beneficial for students and professionals in wide areas of interest

Intelligent Sensor Networks

In the last decade, wireless or wired sensor networks have attracted much attention. However, most designs target general sensor network issues including protocol stack (routing, MAC, etc.) and security issues. This book focuses on the close integration of sensing, networking, and smart signal processing via machine learning. Based on their world-class research, the authors present the fundamentals of intelligent sensor networks. They cover sensing and sampling, distributed signal processing, and intelligent signal learning. In addition, they present cutting-edge research results from leading experts