Jattack: A WebRTC load testing tool

We present Jattack, an automated stressing tool for the analysis of the performance of WebRTC-enabled server-side components. Jattack has been initially conceived with the primary objective of performing a thorough scalability analysis of the well-known Janus WebRTC gateway. As such, it re-uses most of the Janus core stack components in order to reliably emulate the behavior of a dynamically adjustable number of WebRTC clients. The specific testing .scenario can indeed be programmatically reproduced by writing a small "controller" component, which takes on the responsibility of properly orchestrating the scenario itself. The general-purpose nature of the tool, together with its flexibility deriving from the controller-based programmable approach, makes Jattack also suitable for stress-testing other WebRTC-enabled servers

Salas imersivas - WebRTC

O projeto salas imersivas foi proposto pela FCCN e tem por objetivo possibilitar a realização de vídeoconferências entre utilizadores desta plataforma com base em tecnologia WebRTC. Trata-se de um projeto já previamente iniciado, sendo objetivo do presente trabalho implementar um conjunto de melhorias, nomeadamente: • Melhorar a experiência do utilizador na utilização da plataforma; • Aumentar a segurança, disponibilidade e performance; • Introduzir novas funcionalidades Após uma fase inicial de estudo do WebRTC e análise da aplicação, passou-se à fase da instalação da plataforma e componentes para entender em que ponto a mesma se encontrava e, ao mesmo tempo, foi feita uma análise para tentar perceber que caminho seguir para implementar as funcionalidades e melhorias propostas. De seguida, foram implementadas algumas das novas funcionalidades identificadas atrás. Findo o prazo de desenvolvimento, foram alcançados resultados positivos em relação ao que de novo foi adicionado a este projeto, concluindo assim, ser uma plataforma interessante e uma tecnologia que embora não esteja ainda no seu ponto alto de utilização, já se mostra num bom caminho para ganhar espaço em soluções web de vários tipos.Immersive rooms is a project that belongs to FCCN and its goal is to make possible video-conference between the users in the platform based on a technology calledWebRTC. Being a project that was already under development, the goal of this present work is to implement a set of upgrades, namely: • Make the user experience better while using the platform; • Improve the security,availability and perfomance; • Add new features; After an initial stage of study of the WebRTC and an analysis of the application, was then, made efforts to install the platform and its components to try and understand how it was put together and how it works, at the same tame, thinking of ways to add the new features and make some upgrades. Then were added some of the new features previously identified. At the end of the development process, were made progress in the context of the new features, where the new features and upgrades added, showed the expected results, showing that is a very interesting platform and a technology altough not in his prime, shows that it have what is needed to make its way to be very useful in a lot of web based solutions for diferent use cases

Hard Multi-Tenancy Kubernetes approaches in a local 5G deployment: Testing and evaluation of the available solutions

With its capabilities, the fifth mobile network generation (5G) provides new opportunities and applications, which were not possible to exploit previously. In addition to novel technologies, also infrastructure management has been influenced by 5G. Micro-Operator business model was identified by University of Oulu and Nokia Oulu in 2017. They observed that TelCo stakeholders actors are no longer based only on a small group of Mobile Network Operators, but new actors are becoming relevant. Specifically, Micro-Operators are involved in the deployment of scalable services within local 5G deployments. In most cases, micro-operators deploy their containerized application by exploiting Kubernetes Orchestrator capabilities. At the same time, they share a pool of resources, which usually are provided by the infrastructure owner. Since current standards require strict data privacy and security mechanisms, hard multi-tenancy should be enforced in the design phase. Many solutions are available within the Kubernetes environment. Thus, it would be interesting to analyse how each approach affects network performance, which are very critical metrics in 5G requirements. In the context of this thesis, test and evaluation strategy consisted of deploying a set of applications with every identified hard multi-tenancy approach. The choice of the applications was based on the 5G application classes: extreme multi broadband, massive scale communication, ultra-reliable low latency communication. Once the deployment configurations were defined, data of specific critical application network performance metrics was collected for each of the approaches. By looking at the retrieved data, it is possible to observe that network performance is mainly affected by the application protocol and the corresponding transport protocol. Nevertheless, it is not possible to perform design choices only by looking at network performance. In conclusion, further investigation on other design characteristics may be require

Designing and prototyping WebRTC and IMS integration using open source tools

WebRTC, or Web Real-time Communications, is a collection of web standards that detail the mechanisms, architectures and protocols that work together to deliver real-time multimedia services to the web browser. It represents a significant shift from the historical approach of using browser plugins, which over time, have proven cumbersome and problematic. Furthermore, it adopts various Internet standards in areas such as identity management, peer-to-peer connectivity, data exchange and media encoding, to provide a system that is truly open and interoperable. Given that WebRTC enables the delivery of multimedia content to any Internet Protocol (IP)-enabled device capable of hosting a web browser, this technology could potentially be used and deployed over millions of smartphones, tablets and personal computers worldwide. This service and device convergence remains an important goal of telecommunication network operators who seek to enable it through a converged network that is based on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). IMS is an IP-based subsystem that sits at the core of a modern telecommunication network and acts as the main routing substrate for media services and applications such as those that WebRTC realises. The combination of WebRTC and IMS represents an attractive coupling, and as such, a protracted investigation could help to answer important questions around the technical challenges that are involved in their integration, and the merits of various design alternatives that present themselves. This thesis is the result of such an investigation and culminates in the presentation of a detailed architectural model that is validated with a prototypical implementation in an open source testbed. The model is built on six requirements which emerge from an analysis of the literature, including previous interventions in IMS networks and a key technical report on design alternatives. Furthermore, this thesis argues that the client architecture requires support for web-oriented signalling, identity and call handling techniques leading to a potential for IMS networks to natively support these techniques as operator networks continue to grow and develop. The proposed model advocates the use of SIP over WebSockets for signalling and DTLS-SRTP for media to enable one-to-one communication and can be extended through additional functions resulting in a modular architecture. The model was implemented using open source tools which were assembled to create an experimental network testbed, and tests were conducted demonstrating successful cross domain communications under various conditions. The thesis has a strong focus on enabling ordinary software developers to assemble a prototypical network such as the one that was assembled and aims to enable experimentation in application use cases for integrated environments

UAV Cloud Platform for Precision Farming

A new application for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles comes to light daily to solve some of modern society’s problems. One of the mentioned predicaments is the possibility for optimization in agricultural processes. Due to this, a new area arose in the last years of the twentieth century, and it is in constant progression called Precision Farming. Nowadays, a division of this field growth is relative to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles applications. Most traditional methods employed by farmers are ineffective and do not aid in the progression and solution of these issues. However, there are some fields that have the possibility to enhance many agriculture methods, such fields are Cyber-Physical Systems and Cloud Computing. Given its capabilities like aerial surveillance and mapping, Cyber- Physical Systems like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are being used to monitor vast crops, to gather insightful data thatwould take a lot more time if being collected by hand. However, these systems typically lack computing power and storage capacity, meaning that much of its gathered data cannot be stored and further analyzed locally. That is the obstacle that Cloud Computing can solve. With the possibility to offload computing power by sending the collected data to a cloud, it is possible to leverage the enormous computing power and storage capabilities of remote data-centers to gather and analyze these datasets. This dissertation proposes an architecture for this use case by leveraging the advantages of Cloud Computing to aid the obstacles of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Moreover, this dissertation is a collaboration with an on-going Horizon 2020 European project that deals with precision farming and agriculture enhanced by Cyber-Physical Systems.A cada dia que passa, novas aplicações para Veículos aéreos não tripulados são inventadas, de forma a resolver alguns dos problemas actuais da sociedade. Um desses problemas, é a possibilidade de otimização em processos agrículas. Devido a isto, nos últimos anos do século 20 nasceu uma nova área de investigação intitulada Agricultura de alta precisão. Hoje em dia, uma secção desta área diz respeito à inovação nas aplicações com recurso a Veículos aéreos não tripulados. A maioria dos métodos tradicionais usados por agricultores são ineficientes e não auxiliam nem a evolução nem a resolução destes problemas. Contudo, existem algumas áreas científicas que permitem a evoluçao de algumos métodos agrículas, estas áreas são os Sistemas Ciber-Físicos e a Computação na Nuvem. Dadas as suas capacidades tais como a vigilância e mapeamento aéreo, certos Sistemas Ciber-Físicos como os Veículos aéreos não tripulados estão a ser usados para monitorizar vastas culturas de forma a recolher dados que levariam muito mais tempo caso fossem recolhidos manualmente. No entanto, estes sistemas geralmente não detêm grandes capacidades de computação e armazenamento, o que significa que muitos dos dados recolhidos não podem ser armazenados e analisados localmente. É aí que a Computação na Nuvem é útil, com a possibilidade de enviar estes dados para uma nuvem, é possível aproveitar o enorme poder de computação e os recursos de armazenamento dos datacenters remotos para armazenar e analisar estes conjuntos de dados. Esta dissertação propõe uma arquitetura para este caso de uso ao fazer uso das vantagens da Computação na Nuvem de forma a combater os obstáculos dos Veículos aéreos não tripulados. Além disso, esta dissertação é também uma colaboração com um projecto Europeu Horizonte 2020 na área da Agricultura de alta precisão com recurso a Veículos aéreos não tripulados

RaspyLab: Un laboratorio remoto de bajo costo para aprender programación y computación física mediante Python y Raspberry Pi

This article describes the development and assessment of RaspyLab which is a low-cost Remote Laboratory (RL) to learn and teach programming with Raspberry Pi and Python language. The RL is composed of 16 stations or nodes that contain hardware components such as display LCD, robotic arm, temperature sensor, among others, and two modes of programming (graphical and text-based) for the students to experiment with their designed algorithms. The concept of the RL was conceived as a pedagogical tool to support the students of Engineering and Computer Science (CS) in an online learning format, given the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The laboratory has been used by (n=30) CS students during the second semester of 2020 in the subject of mathematical logic through the methodology of Problem-Based Learning (PBL). To evaluate preliminary the laboratory, it was used a survey with 3 open-ended questions and 12 closed-ended questions on a Likert scale according to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The outcomes show a good reception of the laboratory, an enhancement of the students’ learning regarding the concepts addressed in the course, and an interest of the students for the laboratory to be included in other subjects of the curricula

System Integration for Medical Data Dissemination and Multimedia Communication in the Implementation of Tele-ECG and Teleconsultation

One of the options to extend medical services coverage is deploying a telemedicine system, where medical personnel make use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) to overcome distance and time constraints. The implementation of telemedicine systems in Indonesia faces challenges posed by the lack of ICT infrastructure availability, such as communication networks, data centres, and other computing resources. To deal with these challenges, a telemedicine innovation needs to produce a modular and flexible system that is adaptive to medical services needed and the available ICT infrastructure. This paper presents research and development of a telemedicine system prototype for tele-electrocardiography (tele-ECG) and teleconsultation. The contributions offered are integrating system from various open-source modules and the system operational feasibility based on its function and performance. The research is conducted on a testbed which represents various components involved in the telemedicine system operation. Experiments are carried out to assess the system functionality and observe whether tele-ECG and teleconsultation reach their expected performance. Experiment results show that the system works properly and recommend several multimedia communication modes to achieve the target quality based on the available network bandwidth

Interoperabilidade WebRTC com redes legadas IMS e PSTN

Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaAs redes de telecomunicações têm vindo a sofrer constantes evoluções desde a sua criação. Em 2012 o surgimento da tecnologia WebRTC veio revolucionar as telecomunicações. WebRTC é uma tecnologia que permite comunicações de áudio e vídeo entre browsers sem necessitar da instalação de qualquer plugin. O presente trabalho propõe-se a estudar, criar e testar uma solução que permita interoperabilidade da tecnologia WebRTC com as redes legadas. Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito de um projeto Europeu chamado Wonder. O principal objetivo deste projeto é construir uma framework que facilite o desenvolvimento de aplicações WebRTC, dando um enfoque especial a interoperabilidade entre os diferentes domínios de aplicações. Neste documento é descrito todo o funcionamento da API Wonder e apresentadas as suas principais componentes sendo apresentado a componente principal que irá permitir a interoperabilade com as redes legadas (IMS e PSTN). São ainda descritos todos os testes realizados de forma a comprovar o correto funcionamento da solução, bem como as componentes utilizadas nos testes. Para além dos testes funcionais foram ainda realizados testes de qualidade, para identificar a qualidade de áudio/vídeo na transmissão. Os resultados dos testes realizados demonstraram total interoperabilidade entre os diferentes domínios estudados e as redes IMS e PSTN, mas quanto a qualidade de áudio/vídeo notou-se alguns problemas devido às interferências da rede. O resultado final deste trabalho é a construção e demonstração de toda uma API que permita a intercomunicação entre os diferentes domínios e as redes legadas.The telecommunication networks have been growing since their creation. In 2012, the WebRTC technology appeared and revolutionized the telecommunications environment. This is a technology that allows audio and video communications between browsers without installing additional plugins. With this project is proposed to study the WebRTC technology, and create a solution that, with this technology, that can be able to interoperate with legacy networks. This work was developed within a European project called Wonder. The main goal of this project is to build a framework which makes the development of WebRTC applications easier, with a view of making the interoperability, between different domains, possible. In this documento is described all the Wonder functionalities and is presented all their components and the main component that allows the interoperability between legacy networks. It is described the tests that were made to prove that the solution and all the components are working correctly. Beyond these tests, were done tests to identify the quality of audio and video transmission. The results of this tests prove, that the solution is totally functional and allows to have interoperability between different domains, in the quality tests was noticed that exist some problems because of network interferences. The final result of this work, is to build an API that allows interoperability between different domains and legacy networks