STUDY AND SIMULATION OF AN EDGE COUPLE SPLIT RING RESONATOR (EC-SRR) ON TRUNCATED PYRAMIDAL MICROWAVE ABSORBER

Split ring resonator (SRR) structure can potentially be incorporated onto the truncated pyramidal microwave absorber. This study considers three different patterns of edge couple split ring resonator (EC-SRR) designs. Each EC-SRR design is then placed onto the truncated pyramidal microwave absorber. Outer split gap dimension widths of the EC-SRR are varied, and the various S21 performances are compared. This EC-SRR truncated pyramidal microwave absorber is simulated using CST Microwave Studio simulation software. The study and simulation are performed in low frequency range (0.01 GHz to 1 GHz) as well as in microwave frequencies range (1 GHz to 20 GHz). Simulation results of this EC-SRR show improvement of reflection loss and S11 performance in the high frequency range of the pyramidal truncated microwave absorber

Effect of Spiral Split Ring Resonator (S-SRR)structure on Truncated Pyramidal Microwave Absorber Design

This paper discusses on the effect of the spiral split ring resonator on the truncated pyramidal microwave absorber. Split ring resonator (SRR) structure can potentially be incorporated onto the truncated pyramidal microwave absorber to increase the reflection loss performance. There are many ways to increase the pyramidal microwave absorber performance. The ways are focusing the new hybrid shapes, using high carbon material, and adding the left handed material structure on the pyramid microwave absorber. Left handed material or metamaterial is an artificial material that does not exist in the real nature like FR4, Taconic, Rogers or RT Duriod.There are many types of left handed material that had been used by several researchers such as split ring resonator (SRR), and photonic band gap (PBG), electromagnetic band gap (EBG) and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). In this research, spiral split ring resonator (S-SRR) is used to increase the microwave absorber performance. It has the potential to increase the reflection loss or 811 results of the microwave absorber at the several frequencies

Reflection performance of truncated pyramidal and truncated wedge microwave absorber using biomass material / Nur Izzatul Solehah Amran

Microwave Absorber has been widely used in telecommunication equipment as it can prevent unwanted radiation and electromagnetic interference. This work presents that the shape of the absorber affects the performance of the microwave absorber. Other than that, one of the main purposes of this project is to study the reflection performance of the truncated pyramidal and the truncated wedge microwave absorber in the range of frequency between 1 GHz to 12 GHz. The proposed biomass material to develop in these absorbers is Sawdust Activated Carbon and Bamboo Charcoal. There are four fabricated samples of the microwave absorber. The Dielectric Measurement method was used to determine the value of epsilon in the proposed material, which is important to consider it in the simulation. This simulation using CST Microwave Studio Suite, act as the expected result, to predict the reflection performance of these proposed absorbers. Then, the fabricated absorbers were tested by signal at many different incident angles to, which use the Free Space Arch Reflectivity method. The exact performance of these absorbers is shown that the highest reflection performance is -78.3552 dB at a frequency of 4.325 GHz, during the measurement of the incident angle at 0 degree. Meanwhile, the lowest recorded reflectivity value is -0.2411 dB at a frequency of 1.245 GHz, which happen due to the signal incident angle at 60 degree

Rubber Tire Dust-Rice Husk Pyramidal Microwave Absorber

Rubber tire dust-rice husk is an innovation in improving the design of pyramidal microwave absorbers to be used in radio frequency (RF) anechoic chambers. An RF anechoic chamber is a shielded room covered with absorbers to eliminate unwanted refection signals. To design the pyramidal microwave absorber, rice husk will be added to rubber tire dust since the study shows that both have high percentages of carbon. This innovative material combination will be investigated to determine the best reflectivity or reflection loss performance of pyramidal microwave absorbers. Carbon is the most important element that must be in the absorber in order to help the absorption of unwanted microwave signals. In the commercial market, polyurethane and polystyrene are the most popular foam- based material that has been used in pyramidal microwave absorber fabrication. Instead of using chemical material, this study shows that agricultural waste is more environmentally friendly and has much lower cost. In this paper, three combinations of rubber tire dust and rice husk are fabricated to investigate the performance of microwave absorber reflection loss in operating in the frequency range from 7 GHz to 12 GHz

Risk management for safety operation utilizing virtual reality simulation supported by intelligent HAZOP analysis

Ensuring safe operability and minimizing risk is the key component to prevent negative impact in all industries dealing with toxic, reactive, flammable and explosive materials. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability), a preliminary and systematic approach for identifying hazards has been unquestionably successful in reducing incident of hazards by mitigating the consequence of major accident in the industrial process facilities. However, laborious work, time and cost are the shortcoming in performing and maintaining HAZOP analysis. Many research works on HAZOP automation are available, yet the traditional approach is still widely used by plant operators. The traditional method only covers parts and aspects of a specific plant type rather than generalizing to fit many plant types. In HAZOP analysis of chemical process industries (CPI), process analysis can be divided into two groups - defined or routine process, which roughly occupies 60-80% and predefined or non routine process, which occupies 20-60% of HAZOP analysis. Thus leading towards the significance of having safety information as update and accessible as possible. In recent years, computer hardware capable of developing and running virtual reality model has become more affordable for middle and small scale CPI. Consequently, virtual reality has been proposed as a technological breakthrough that holds the power to facilitate analysis. The ability to visualize complex and dynamic systems involving personnel, equipment and layouts during any real operation is a potential advantage of such an approach. With virtual reality supporting HAZOP, analysis which often solely relied on expert imaginative thinking in simulating hazard conditions, will aid understanding, memory retention and create a more interactive analysis experience. In focusing assessment for safety operator and safety decision maker, we present a web-based HAZOP analysis management system (HMS) to help HAZOP team and related individuals to perform revision, tracking and even complete HAZOP analysis without management bureaucracy. Besides, depending solely on expert imaginative thinking of scenario using P&ID, this work will develop a dynamic visual model which brings to the user a different view of consequent and subsequent to an accident and will further enable three dimensional analyses of effects. This approach will prevent ‘miss looks’ due to ‘paper-based’ view. We also present Virtual HAZOP Training system, a risk-managing virtual training concept supported by intelligent HAZOP proposed to eliminate analysis redundancies and bring static ‘paper-based’ analysis to more dynamic and interactive virtual analysis simulation. However, the efficiency of VR simulator depends on the scenario accuracy to the real world that can be simulated. We introduce the system’s artificial intelligent engine responsible for retrieving the most accurate and highest possibility ‘to-happen’ scenario case. A fuzzy – CBR method enables the engine to classify and use real past scenarios combined with suitable parameters in creating a defined scenario. This method resolves issues in balancing between computational complexity and knowledge elicitation Reactor section in a vacuum gas oil hydrodesulphurization (VGO HDS) process is used as the case study to illustrate the performance of the proposed system. The wide usages of HDS unit in the petroleum refining industry play important roles in chemical plant incidents happening worldwide. HAZOP analysis management system in average manages to reduce more than half the time required in performing HAZOP analysis compares to traditional method. With the proposed system, operator is able to optimally use safety information in HMS to prevent common and repetitive mistakes. Virtual process and accident simulator available in virtual HAZOP training system help to improve safety operator estimate overall impact towards equipment, operator and environment during process 20-35% better. This system is expected to be the main foundation for Virtual Reality simulator research in analyzing accident caused by human factor. Asides providing better and healthier working environment, negative profitability impact which influence not only the company that runs it but also the world economy due to byproduct shortage, can be avoided

Development Of Pyramidal Microwave Absorber Using Sugar Cane Bagasse (SCB)

The need to find ways to effectively utilize the large quantities of agricultural waste that are produced is indicative of the huge potential associated with producing an alternative pyramidal microwave absorber for anechoic chamber-testing applications.We propose the development of a pyramidal microwave absorber that can use sugar cane bagasse (SCB),a byproduct from the production and processing of sugar cane,as the absorbent. In this paper,we report the results of our use of dielectric probe measurement to determine the dielectric constant and loss tangent of SCB.These values were used to model and simulate an SCB pyramidal microwave absorber in Computer Simulation Technology’s (CST’s) Microwave Studio.This absorber was operated in the microwave frequency range between 0.1 GHz and 20.0 GHz

Pyramidal Microwave Absorber Design from Waste Material using Rice Husk and Rubber Tire Dust

Waste material has potential to be used as an alternative material for the microwave absorber that used in the RF anechoic chamber. New material had been research to reduce the cost of designing pyramidal microwave absorber. In this research, rice husk from paddy are mixed with recycled rubber tire dust to give the better reflection loss performance to the pyramidal microwave absorber design. The pyramidal microwave absorber is operating in the microwave frequency range from 7 GHz to 12 GHz. There are three main stage of this work. Firstly, fabricate the waste material pyramidal microwave absorber had been done by using the pyramidal shaped mould. The second work is to determine the dielectric properties of the pyramidal microwave absorber and the last stage is to measure the reflection loss of the waste material using the radar cross section (RCS) techniqu

Analysis and Design of Absorbers for Electromagnetic Compatibility Applications

Absorbers are one of the key components in the realm of electromagnetic compatibility. Depending on the frequency range of interest, different types of absorbers can be utilized for this purpose. This chapter introduces the analysis and modeling of ferrite-based absorbers for low-frequency applications (below 1 GHz) and discusses the issues encountered in their installation, resulting in air gaps. Later, different kinds of pyramidal absorbers, commonly used in the broadband microwave frequency range (above 1 GHz), are presented, and analytical and numerical approaches for predicting their performance are reviewed. The combination of the ferrite tile and pyramidal dielectric absorbers is also provided. Then, some practical aspects of designing hybrid absorbers, including the influence of carbon loading and matching layer on their performance, are mentioned. Finally, the absorber operating frequency extension to the millimeter-wave spectrum using metamaterial structures or graphene material is presented