Particle swarm based arc detection on time series in pantograph-catenary system

Pantograph-catenary system is the most important component for transmitting the electric energy to the train. If the faults have not detected in an early stage, energy can disrupt the energy and this leads to more serious faults. The arcs occurred in the contact point is the first step of a fault. When they are detected in an early stage, catastrophic faults and accidents can be avoided. In this study, a new approach has been proposed to detect arcs in pantograph-catenary system. The proposed method applies a threshold value to each video frame and the rate of sudden glares are converted to time series. The phase space of the obtained time series is constructed and the arc event is found by using particle swarm optimization. The proposed method is analyzed by using real pantograph-videos and good result have been obtained.Pantograph-catenary system is the most important component for transmitting the electric energy to the train. If the faults have not detected in an early stage, energy can disrupt the energy and this leads to more serious faults. The arcs occurred in the contact point is the first step of a fault. When they are detected in an early stage, catastrophic faults and accidents can be avoided. In this study, a new approach has been proposed to detect arcs in pantograph-catenary system. The proposed method applies a threshold value to each video frame and the rate of sudden glares are converted to time series. The phase space of the obtained time series is constructed and the arc event is found by using particle swarm optimization. The proposed method is analyzed by using real pantograph-videos and good result have been obtained

Power Quality in Electrified Transportation Systems

"Power Quality in Electrified Transportation Systems" has covered interesting horizontal topics over diversified transportation technologies, ranging from railways to electric vehicles and ships. Although the attention is chiefly focused on typical railway issues such as harmonics, resonances and reactive power flow compensation, the integration of electric vehicles plays a significant role. The book is completed by some additional significant contributions, focusing on the interpretation of Power Quality phenomena propagation in railways using the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory and on electric ships in the light of the latest standardization efforts

A literature review of Artificial Intelligence applications in railway systems

Nowadays it is widely accepted that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is significantly influencing a large number of domains, including railways. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review of the current state-of-the-art of AI in railway transport. In particular, we analysed and discussed papers from a holistic railway perspective, covering sub-domains such as maintenance and inspection, planning and management, safety and security, autonomous driving and control, revenue management, transport policy, and passenger mobility. This review makes an initial step towards shaping the role of AI in future railways and provides a summary of the current focuses of AI research connected to rail transport. We reviewed about 139 scientific papers covering the period from 2010 to December 2020. We found that the major research efforts have been put in AI for rail maintenance and inspection, while very limited or no research has been found on AI for rail transport policy and revenue management. The remaining sub-domains received mild to moderate attention. AI applications are promising and tend to act as a game-changer in tackling multiple railway challenges. However, at the moment, AI research in railways is still mostly at its early stages. Future research can be expected towards developing advanced combined AI applications (e.g. with optimization), using AI in decision making, dealing with uncertainty and tackling newly rising cybersecurity challenges

14th Conference on Dynamical Systems Theory and Applications DSTA 2017 ABSTRACTS

From Preface: This is the fourteen time when the conference “Dynamical Systems – Theory and Applications” gathers a numerous group of outstanding scientists and engineers, who deal with widely understood problems of theoretical and applied dynamics. Organization of the conference would not have been possible without a great effort of the staff of the Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics. The patronage over the conference has been taken by the Committee of Mechanics of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. It is a great pleasure that our invitation has been accepted by so many people, including good colleagues and friends as well as a large group of researchers and scientists, who decided to participate in the conference for the first time. With proud and satisfaction we welcome nearly 250 persons from 38 countries all over the world. They decided to share the results of their research and many years experiences in the discipline of dynamical systems by submitting many very interesting papers. This booklet contains a collection of 375 abstracts, which have gained the acceptance of referees and have been qualified for publication in the conference proceedings [...]

Control of Energy Storage

Energy storage can provide numerous beneficial services and cost savings within the electricity grid, especially when facing future challenges like renewable and electric vehicle (EV) integration. Public bodies, private companies and individuals are deploying storage facilities for several purposes, including arbitrage, grid support, renewable generation, and demand-side management. Storage deployment can therefore yield benefits like reduced frequency fluctuation, better asset utilisation and more predictable power profiles. Such uses of energy storage can reduce the cost of energy, reduce the strain on the grid, reduce the environmental impact of energy use, and prepare the network for future challenges. This Special Issue of Energies explore the latest developments in the control of energy storage in support of the wider energy network, and focus on the control of storage rather than the storage technology itself

Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems

The Special Issue "Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems" focuses on: - new strategies of control for electric machines, including sensorless control and fault diagnosis; - existing and emerging industrial applications of GaN and SiC-based converters; - modern methods for electromagnetic compatibility. The book covers topics such as control systems, fault diagnosis, converters, inverters, and electromagnetic interference in power electronics systems. The Special Issue includes 19 scientific papers by industry experts and worldwide professors in the area of electrical engineering

Advances in Rotating Electric Machines

It is difficult to imagine a modern society without rotating electric machines. Their use has been increasing not only in the traditional fields of application but also in more contemporary fields, including renewable energy conversion systems, electric aircraft, aerospace, electric vehicles, unmanned propulsion systems, robotics, etc. This has contributed to advances in the materials, design methodologies, modeling tools, and manufacturing processes of current electric machines, which are characterized by high compactness, low weight, high power density, high torque density, and high reliability. On the other hand, the growing use of electric machines and drives in more critical applications has pushed forward the research in the area of condition monitoring and fault tolerance, leading to the development of more reliable diagnostic techniques and more fault-tolerant machines. This book presents and disseminates the most recent advances related to the theory, design, modeling, application, control, and condition monitoring of all types of rotating electric machines

Efficient simulation tools for real-time monitoring and control using model order reduction and data-driven techniques

Numerical simulation, the use of computers to run a program which implements a mathematical model for a physical system, is an important part of today technological world. It is required in many scientific and engineering fields to study the behaviour of systems whose mathematical models are too complex to provide analytical solutions and it makes virtual evaluation of systems responses possible (virtual twins). This drastically reduces the number of experimental tests for accurate designs of the real system that the numerical model represents. However these virtual twins, based on classical methods which make use of a rich representations of the system (ex. finite element method), rarely allows real-time feedback, even when considering high performance computing, operating on powerful platforms. In these circumstances, the real-time performance required in some applications are compromised. Indeed the virtual twins are static, that is, they are used in the design of complex systems and their components, but they are not expected to accommodate or assimilate data so as to define dynamic data-driven application systems. Moreover significant deviations between the observed response and the one predicted by the model are usually noticed due to inaccuracy in the employed models, in the determination of the model parameters or in their time evolution. In this thesis we propose different methods to solve these handicaps in order to perform real-time monitoring and control. In the first part Model Order Reduction (MOR) techniques are used to accommodate real-time constraints; they compute a good approximation of the solution by simplifying the solution procedure instead of the model. The accuracy of the predicted solution is not compromised and efficient simulations can be performed (digital twins). In the second part Data-Driven modelling are employed to fill the gap between the parametric solution computed by using non-intrusive MOR techniques and the measured fields, in order to make dynamic data-driven application systems, DDDAS, possible (Hybrid Twins).La simulación numérica, el uso de ordenadores para ejecutar un programa que implementa un modelo matemático de un sistema físico, es una parte importante del mundo tecnológico actual. En muchos campos de la ciencia y la ingeniería es necesario estudiar el comportamiento de sistemas cuyos modelos matemáticos son demasiado complejos para proporcionar soluciones analíticas, haciendo posible la evaluación virtual de las respuestas de los sistemas (gemelos virtuales). Esto reduce drásticamente el número de pruebas experimentales para los diseños precisos del sistema real que el modelo numérico representa. Sin embargo, estos gemelos virtuales, basados en métodos clásicos que hacen uso de una rica representación del sistema (por ejemplo, el método de elementos finitos), rara vez permiten la retroalimentación en tiempo real, incluso cuando se considera la computación en plataformas de alto rendimiento. En estas circunstancias, el rendimiento en tiempo real requerido en algunas aplicaciones se ve comprometido. En efecto, los gemelos virtuales son estáticos, es decir, se utilizan en el diseño de sistemas complejos y sus componentes, pero no se espera que acomoden o asimilen los datos para definir sistemas de aplicación dinámicos basados en datos. Además, se suelen apreciar desviaciones significativas entre la respuesta observada y la predicha por el modelo, debido a inexactitudes en los modelos empleados, en la determinación de los parámetros del modelo o en su evolución temporal. En esta tesis se proponen diferentes métodos para resolver estas limitaciones con el fin de realizar un seguimiento y un control en tiempo real. En la primera parte se utilizan técnicas de Reducción de Modelos para satisfacer las restricciones en tiempo real; estas técnicas calculan una buena aproximación de la solución simplificando el procedimiento de resolución en lugar del modelo. La precisión de la solución no se ve comprometida y se pueden realizar simulaciones efficientes (gemelos digitales). En la segunda parte se emplea la modelización basada en datos para llenar el vacío entre la solución paramétrica, calculada utilizando técnicas de reducción de modelos no intrusivas, y los campos medidos, con el fin de hacer posibles los sistemas de aplicación dinámicos basados en datos (gemelos híbridos).La simulation numérique, c'est-à-dire l'utilisation des ordinateurs pour exécuter un programme qui met en oeuvre un modèle mathématique d'un système physique, est une partie importante du monde technologique actuel. Elle est nécessaire dans de nombreux domaines scientifiques et techniques pour étudier le comportement de systèmes dont les modèles mathématiques sont trop complexes pour fournir des solutions analytiques et elle rend possible l'évaluation virtuelle des réponses des systèmes (jumeaux virtuels). Cela réduit considérablement le nombre de tests expérimentaux nécessaires à la conception précise du système réel que le modèle numérique représente. Cependant, ces jumeaux virtuels, basés sur des méthodes classiques qui utilisent une représentation fine du système (ex. méthode des éléments finis), permettent rarement une rétroaction en temps réel, même dans un contexte de calcul haute performance, fonctionnant sur des plates-formes puissantes. Dans ces circonstances, les performances en temps réel requises dans certaines applications sont compromises. En effet, les jumeaux virtuels sont statiques, c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont utilisés dans la conception de systèmes complexes et de leurs composants, mais on ne s'attend pas à ce qu'ils prennent en compte ou assimilent des données afin de définir des systèmes d'application dynamiques pilotés par les données. De plus, des écarts significatifs entre la réponse observée et celle prévue par le modèle sont généralement constatés en raison de l'imprécision des modèles employés, de la détermination des paramètres du modèle ou de leur évolution dans le temps. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons di érentes méthodes pour résoudre ces handicaps afin d'effectuer une surveillance et un contrôle en temps réel. Dans la première partie, les techniques de Réduction de Modèles sont utilisées pour tenir compte des contraintes en temps réel ; elles calculent une bonne approximation de la solution en simplifiant la procédure de résolution plutôt que le modèle. La précision de la solution n'est pas compromise et des simulations e caces peuvent être réalisées (jumeaux numériquex). Dans la deuxième partie, la modélisation pilotée par les données est utilisée pour combler l'écart entre la solution paramétrique calculée, en utilisant des techniques de réduction de modèles non intrusives, et les champs mesurés, afin de rendre possibles des systèmes d'application dynamiques basés sur les données (jumeaux hybrides)

Proceedings of the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2015

This volume contains the full papers accepted for presentation at the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2015 held in the Barcelona School of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, on June 29 - July 2, 2015. The ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics is an international meeting held once every two years in a European country. Continuing the very successful series of past conferences that have been organized in Lisbon (2003), Madrid (2005), Milan (2007), Warsaw (2009), Brussels (2011) and Zagreb (2013); this edition will once again serve as a meeting point for the international researchers, scientists and experts from academia, research laboratories and industry working in the area of multibody dynamics. Applications are related to many fields of contemporary engineering, such as vehicle and railway systems, aeronautical and space vehicles, robotic manipulators, mechatronic and autonomous systems, smart structures, biomechanical systems and nanotechnologies. The topics of the conference include, but are not restricted to: ● Formulations and Numerical Methods ● Efficient Methods and Real-Time Applications ● Flexible Multibody Dynamics ● Contact Dynamics and Constraints ● Multiphysics and Coupled Problems ● Control and Optimization ● Software Development and Computer Technology ● Aerospace and Maritime Applications ● Biomechanics ● Railroad Vehicle Dynamics ● Road Vehicle Dynamics ● Robotics ● Benchmark ProblemsPostprint (published version