Architecture and Features of IPTV Network

IPTV mreža novi je sustav pružanja televizijskih, video, audio, podatkovnih i drugih interaktivnih usluga putem mreža temeljenih na Internet Protokolu (IP). Može biti izvedena implementacijom različitih širokopojasnih pristupnih tehnologija, upotrebom postojećih bakrenih parica, optičkim pristupnim tehnologijama ili bežičnim radijskim pristupom. Prijenos video sadržaja temeljna je IPTV usluga, zbog čega je nužno razumijevanje osnovnih parametara o kojima ovisi kvaliteta sadržaja, kao i razumijevanje tehnika kompresije kao neophodnog procesa obrade video signala. Prijenos sadržaja IP mrežom započinje formiranjem transportnog toka i enkapsulacijom podataka, a ovisi o mnoštvu protokola. Cilj ovoga rada pružiti je uvid u sastavne dijelove složene IPTV arhitekture, kao i pojedine značajke neophodne za osiguravanje isporuke usluga.IPTV provides interactive multimedia services, including television, video, audio and data through the use of Internet Protocol based networks. It can be implemented by using various broadband access technologies – via wireless radio access, over a fiber access network or by utilizing existing twisted pair cabling. Because video streaming is a core IPTV service, it is important to understand the basic video parameters that quality depends on, as well as compression techniques as a necessary component of video signal processing. The proces of content transmission via IP networks begins by forming a transport stream and encapsulating the data, and it is dependent upon multiple communication protocols. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the main components of complex IPTV architecture, as well as the features required to ensure the delivery of services

Architecture and Features of IPTV Network

IPTV mreža novi je sustav pružanja televizijskih, video, audio, podatkovnih i drugih interaktivnih usluga putem mreža temeljenih na Internet Protokolu (IP). Može biti izvedena implementacijom različitih širokopojasnih pristupnih tehnologija, upotrebom postojećih bakrenih parica, optičkim pristupnim tehnologijama ili bežičnim radijskim pristupom. Prijenos video sadržaja temeljna je IPTV usluga, zbog čega je nužno razumijevanje osnovnih parametara o kojima ovisi kvaliteta sadržaja, kao i razumijevanje tehnika kompresije kao neophodnog procesa obrade video signala. Prijenos sadržaja IP mrežom započinje formiranjem transportnog toka i enkapsulacijom podataka, a ovisi o mnoštvu protokola. Cilj ovoga rada pružiti je uvid u sastavne dijelove složene IPTV arhitekture, kao i pojedine značajke neophodne za osiguravanje isporuke usluga.IPTV provides interactive multimedia services, including television, video, audio and data through the use of Internet Protocol based networks. It can be implemented by using various broadband access technologies – via wireless radio access, over a fiber access network or by utilizing existing twisted pair cabling. Because video streaming is a core IPTV service, it is important to understand the basic video parameters that quality depends on, as well as compression techniques as a necessary component of video signal processing. The proces of content transmission via IP networks begins by forming a transport stream and encapsulating the data, and it is dependent upon multiple communication protocols. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the main components of complex IPTV architecture, as well as the features required to ensure the delivery of services

Architecture and Features of IPTV Network

IPTV mreža novi je sustav pružanja televizijskih, video, audio, podatkovnih i drugih interaktivnih usluga putem mreža temeljenih na Internet Protokolu (IP). Može biti izvedena implementacijom različitih širokopojasnih pristupnih tehnologija, upotrebom postojećih bakrenih parica, optičkim pristupnim tehnologijama ili bežičnim radijskim pristupom. Prijenos video sadržaja temeljna je IPTV usluga, zbog čega je nužno razumijevanje osnovnih parametara o kojima ovisi kvaliteta sadržaja, kao i razumijevanje tehnika kompresije kao neophodnog procesa obrade video signala. Prijenos sadržaja IP mrežom započinje formiranjem transportnog toka i enkapsulacijom podataka, a ovisi o mnoštvu protokola. Cilj ovoga rada pružiti je uvid u sastavne dijelove složene IPTV arhitekture, kao i pojedine značajke neophodne za osiguravanje isporuke usluga.IPTV provides interactive multimedia services, including television, video, audio and data through the use of Internet Protocol based networks. It can be implemented by using various broadband access technologies – via wireless radio access, over a fiber access network or by utilizing existing twisted pair cabling. Because video streaming is a core IPTV service, it is important to understand the basic video parameters that quality depends on, as well as compression techniques as a necessary component of video signal processing. The proces of content transmission via IP networks begins by forming a transport stream and encapsulating the data, and it is dependent upon multiple communication protocols. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the main components of complex IPTV architecture, as well as the features required to ensure the delivery of services

Low cost network camera sensors for traffic monitoring

Report on a study investigating the ways new video and wireless technology can be implemented into Texas Department of Transportation video monitoring systems to increase efficiency and reduce costs

Optical Synchronization of Time-of-Flight Cameras

Time-of-Flight (ToF)-Kameras erzeugen Tiefenbilder (3D-Bilder), indem sie Infrarotlicht aussenden und die Zeit messen, bis die Reflexion des Lichtes wieder empfangen wird. Durch den Einsatz mehrerer ToF-Kameras können ihre vergleichsweise geringere Auflösungen überwunden, das Sichtfeld vergrößert und Verdeckungen reduziert werden. Der gleichzeitige Betrieb birgt jedoch die Möglichkeit von Störungen, die zu fehlerhaften Tiefenmessungen führen. Das Problem der gegenseitigen Störungen tritt nicht nur bei Mehrkamerasystemen auf, sondern auch wenn mehrere unabhängige ToF-Kameras eingesetzt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue optische Synchronisation vorgestellt, die keine zusätzliche Hardware oder Infrastruktur erfordert, um ein Zeitmultiplexverfahren (engl. Time-Division Multiple Access, TDMA) für die Anwendung mit ToF-Kameras zu nutzen, um so die Störungen zu vermeiden. Dies ermöglicht es einer Kamera, den Aufnahmeprozess anderer ToF-Kameras zu erkennen und ihre Aufnahmezeiten schnell zu synchronisieren, um störungsfrei zu arbeiten. Anstatt Kabel zur Synchronisation zu benötigen, wird nur die vorhandene Hardware genutzt, um eine optische Synchronisation zu erreichen. Dazu wird die Firmware der Kamera um das Synchronisationsverfahren erweitert. Die optische Synchronisation wurde konzipiert, implementiert und in einem Versuchsaufbau mit drei ToF-Kameras verifiziert. Die Messungen zeigen die Wirksamkeit der vorgeschlagenen optischen Synchronisation. Während der Experimente wurde die Bildrate durch das zusätzliche Synchronisationsverfahren lediglich um etwa 1 Prozent reduziert.Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras produce depth images (three-dimensional images) by measuring the time between the emission of infrared light and the reception of its reflection. A setup of multiple ToF cameras may be used to overcome their comparatively low resolution, increase the field of view, and reduce occlusion. However, the simultaneous operation of multiple ToF cameras introduces the possibility of interference resulting in erroneous depth measurements. The problem of interference is not only related to a collaborative multicamera setup but also to multiple ToF cameras operating independently. In this work, a new optical synchronization for ToF cameras is presented, requiring no additional hardware or infrastructure to utilize a time-division multiple access (TDMA) scheme to mitigate interference. It effectively enables a camera to sense the acquisition process of other ToF cameras and rapidly synchronizes its acquisition times to operate without interference. Instead of requiring cables to synchronize, only the existing hardware is utilized to enable an optical synchronization. To achieve this, the camera’s firmware is extended with the synchronization procedure. The optical synchronization has been conceptualized, implemented, and verified with an experimental setup deploying three ToF cameras. The measurements show the efficacy of the proposed optical synchronization. During the experiments, the frame rate was reduced by only about 1% due to the synchronization procedure

Advanced Knowledge Application in Practice

The integration and interdependency of the world economy leads towards the creation of a global market that offers more opportunities, but is also more complex and competitive than ever before. Therefore widespread research activity is necessary if one is to remain successful on the market. This book is the result of research and development activities from a number of researchers worldwide, covering concrete fields of research

A Common Digital Twin Platform for Education, Training and Collaboration

The world is in transition driven by digitalization; industrial companies and educational institutions are adopting Industry 4.0 and Education 4.0 technologies enabled by digitalization. Furthermore, digitalization and the availability of smart devices and virtual environments have evolved to pro- duce a generation of digital natives. These digital natives whose smart devices have surrounded them since birth have developed a new way to process information; instead of reading literature and writing essays, the digital native generation uses search engines, discussion forums, and on- line video content to study and learn. The evolved learning process of the digital native generation challenges the educational and industrial sectors to create natural training, learning, and collaboration environments for digital natives. Digitalization provides the tools to overcome the aforementioned challenge; extended reality and digital twins enable high-level user interfaces that are natural for the digital natives and their interaction with physical devices. Simulated training and education environments enable a risk-free way of training safety aspects, programming, and controlling robots. To create a more realistic training environment, digital twins enable interfacing virtual and physical robots to train and learn on real devices utilizing the virtual environment. This thesis proposes a common digital twin platform for education, training, and collaboration. The proposed solution enables the teleoperation of physical robots from distant locations, enabling location and time-independent training and collaboration in robotics. In addition to teleoperation, the proposed platform supports social communication, video streaming, and resource sharing for efficient collaboration and education. The proposed solution enables research collaboration in robotics by allowing collaborators to utilize each other’s equipment independent of the distance between the physical locations. Sharing of resources saves time and travel costs. Social communication provides the possibility to exchange ideas and discuss research. The students and trainees can utilize the platform to learn new skills in robotic programming, controlling, and safety aspects. Cybersecurity is considered from the planning phase to the implementation phase. Only cybersecure methods, protocols, services, and components are used to implement the presented platform. Securing the low-level communication layer of the digital twins is essential to secure the safe teleoperation of the robots. Cybersecurity is the key enabler of the proposed platform, and after implementation, periodic vulnerability scans and updates enable maintaining cybersecurity. This thesis discusses solutions and methods for cyber securing an online digital twin platform. In conclusion, the thesis presents a common digital twin platform for education, training, and collaboration. The presented solution is cybersecure and accessible using mobile devices. The proposed platform, digital twin, and extended reality user interfaces contribute to the transitions to Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0

Network streaming and compression for mixed reality tele-immersion

Bulterman, D.C.A. [Promotor]Cesar, P.S. [Copromotor