34,785 research outputs found
The neutrino charge radius is a physical observable
We present a method which allows, at least in principle, the direct
extraction of the gauge-invariant and process-independent neutrino charge
radius (NCR) from experiments. Under special kinematic conditions, the
judicious combination of neutrino and anti-neutrino forward differential
cross-sections allows the exclusion of all target-dependent contributions, such
as gauge-independent box-graphs, not related to the NCR. We show that the
remaining contributions contain universal, renormalization group invariant
combinations, such as the electroweak effective charge and the running mixing
angle, which must be also separated out. By considering the appropriate number
of independent experiments we show that one may systematically eliminate these
universal terms, and finally express the NCR entirely in terms of physical
cross-sections. Even though the kinematic conditions and the required precision
may render the proposed experiments unfeasible, at the conceptual level the
analysis presented here allows for the promotion of the NCR into a genuine
physical observable.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figure
The effective neutrino charge radius
It is shown that at one-loop order a neutrino charge radius (NCR) may be
defined, which is ultraviolet finite, does not depend on the gauge-fixing
parameter, nor on properties of the target other than its electric charge. This
is accomplished through the systematic decomposition of physical amplitudes
into effective self-energies, vertices, and boxes, which separately respect
electroweak gauge invariance. In this way the NCR stems solely from an
effective proper photon-neutrino one-loop vertex, which satisfies a naive,
QED-like Ward identity. The NCR so defined may be extracted from experiment, at
least in principle, by expressing a set of experimental electron-neutrino
cross-sections in terms of the finite NCR and two additional gauge- and
renormalization-group-invariant quantities, corresponding to the electroweak
effective charge and mixing angle.Comment: Talk given at EPS2003 - Aachen, Germany, July 2003; 3 pages, no
figure
Magnetic polarons in doped 1D antiferromagnetic chain
The structure of magnetic polarons (ferrons) is studied for an 1D
antiferromagnetic chain doped by non-magnetic donor impurities. The conduction
electrons are assumed to be bound by the impurities. Such a chain can be
described as a set of ferrons at the antiferromagnetic background. We found
that two types of ferrons can exist in the system. The ground state of the
chain corresponds to the ferrons with the sizes of the order of the
localization length of the electron near the impurity. The ferrons of the
second type produce a more extended distortion of spins in the chain. They are
stable within a finite domain of the system parameters and can be treated as
excitations above the ground state. The ferrons in the excited states can
appear in pairs only. The energy of the excited states decreases with the
growth in density of impurities. This can be interpreted as a manifestation of
an attractive interaction between ferrons.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, RevTex4, submitted to PR
Effects of Commission Errors during Noncontingent Reinforcement
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is a behavioral treatment in which a reinforcer is provided at set intervals independently of responding. Although NCR is commonly used, effects of inconsistent implementation (i.e., implementation with integrity failures) during NCR were previously unknown. The current study included six participants, but full-integrity NCR suppressed problem behavior for only three participants. Thus, we evaluated effects of one kind of integrity failure, reinforcement of problem behavior, on NCR outcomes for three children who engaged in inappropriate vocalizations maintained by access to tangible items. Effects of commission errors were idiosyncratic across participants
Refining Noncontingent Reinforcement Treatments Using Behavioral Momentum Theory
One of the most effective and commonly prescribed treatments for children with autism and/or an intellectual disability who engage in severe destructive behavior is called noncontingent reinforcement (NCR). During NCR, the consequence that previously reinforced destructive behavior is delivered on a time-based schedule, independent of destructive behavior, and the contingency between destructive behavior and its reinforcer is discontinued (operant extinction; EXT). Conceptual and quantitative derivations of behavioral momentum theory (BMT) suggest that certain aspects of NCR may inadvertently promote persistence of destructive behavior, thereby prolonging the treatment process. Guided by Shahan and Sweeney’s (2011) model of resurgence based on BMT, this dissertation evaluated two refinements to NCR designed to reduce behavioral persistence during treatment and mitigate response resurgence following NCR when all reinforcement was withdrawn. In Experiment 1, we evaluated a procedure designed to increase the saliency of the change from contingent reinforcement to NCR by altering a reinforcer parameter related to contingency discriminability, which BMT predicts will lead to faster reductions in target responding and decrease the likelihood of resurgence. Behavioral momentum theory also predicts that implementing NCR without EXT (as is commonly done for destructive behavior maintained by sensory reinforcers) increases the likelihood of resurgence. Therefore, in Experiment 2, we compared levels of resurgence when NCR was implemented with and without EXT. Results suggest that the proposed refinements are effective, to varying degrees, at reducing behavioral persistence during NCR and mitigating response resurgence. Findings are discussed within a translational research framework and broader context of strategies used to mitigate treatment relapse for severe destructive behavior
Topological Non--connectivity Threshold in long-range spin systems
We demonstrate the existence of a topological disconnection threshold,
recently found in Ref. \cite{JSP}, for generic anisotropic Heisenberg
models interacting with an inter--particle potential when
(here is the distance among spins). We also show that if
is greater than the embedding dimension then the ratio between
the disconnected energy region and the total energy region goes to zero when
the number of spins becomes very large. On the other hand, numerical
simulations in for the long-range case support the
conclusion that such a ratio remains finite for large values. The
disconnection threshold can thus be thought as a distinctive property of
anisotropic long-range interacting systems.Comment: submitted to PR
Supersolidity in quantum films adsorbed on graphene and graphite
Using quantum Monte Carlo we have studied the superfluid density of the first
layer of He and H adsorbed on graphene and graphite. Our main focus has
been on the equilibrium ground state of the system, which corresponds to a
registered phase. The perfect solid phase of H shows
no superfluid signal whereas He has a finite but small superfluid fraction
(0.67%). The introduction of vacancies in the crystal makes the superfluidity
increase, showing values as large as 14% in He without destroying the
spatial solid order.Comment: 5 pages, accepted for publication in PR
Optical DPSK with generalized phase noise model and narrowband reception
Caption title.Includes bibliographical references.Supported by the NSF. NCR-8802991 NCR-9206379 Supported by DARPA. F19628-90-C-0002 Supported by the ARO. DAAL03-92-G-0115Murat AzizoÄlu, Pierre A. Humblet
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