Peroxisomal Proteostasis Involves a Lon Family Protein That Functions as Protease and Chaperone

Proteins are subject to continuous quality control for optimal proteostasis. The knowledge of peroxisome quality control systems is still in its infancy. Here we show that peroxisomes contain a member of the Lon family of proteases (Pln). We show that Pln is a heptameric protein and acts as an ATP-fueled protease and chaperone. Hence, Pln is the first chaperone identified in fungal peroxisomes. In cells of a PLN deletion strain peroxisomes contain protein aggregates, a major component of which is catalase-peroxidase. We show that this enzyme is sensitive to oxidative damage. The oxidatively damaged, but not the native protein, is a substrate of the Pln protease. Cells of the pln strain contain enhanced levels of catalase-peroxidase protein but reduced catalase-peroxidase enzyme activities. Together with the observation that Pln has chaperone activity in vitro, our data suggest that catalase-peroxidase aggregates accumulate in peroxisomes of pln cells due to the combined absence of Pln protease and chaperone activities.

A homing receptor-IgG chimera as a probe for adhesive ligands of lymph node high endothelial venules.

The binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules (HEV) within peripheral lymph nodes (pln) is thought to be mediated by a lectinlike adhesion molecule termed the pln homing receptor (pln HR). The cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding both murine and human pln HR revealed that these adhesion molecules contain protein motifs that are homologous to C-type or calcium dependent lectin domains as well as to epidermal growth factor (egf) and complement-regulatory protein domains. We have produced a novel, antibody-like form of the murine HR by joining the extracellular region of the receptor to a human IgG heavy chain. This antibody-like molecule is capable of recognizing carbohydrates, blocking the binding of lymphocytes to pln HEV, and serving as a histochemical reagent for the staining of pln HEV. This murine HR-IgG chimera should prove useful in analyzing the distribution of the HR ligand(s) in normal as well as in inflammatory states

THE EFFORTS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS OF PT PLN (PERSERO) APJ SURAKARTA TO SUCCESSFULLY EXECUTE THE ELECTRICITY ECONOMIZING PROGRAM

This final project report is written based on the job training in PT PLN (Persero) APJ Surakarta.   The job training was done on 2 nd  until 31 st  March, 2009. The major aim of this final project is to know  the   efforts   of   Public  Relations   of   PT   PLN  (Persero)  APJ   Surakarta   to   successfully   execute   the  electricity economizing program. In the discussion, the writer describes the efforts of Public Relations of PT PLN (Persero) APJ   Surakarta to successfully execute the electricity economizing program. There are the efforts for external  public and the efforts for internal public. The efforts for external public   are giving knowledge and  spreading information by making relationship with mass media, holding socialization about electricity  economizing program, creating and using Mr. and Mrs. Bili the clowns, making printed materials for  promotion and publication about electricity economizing program, and persuading society to turn off  light at 17.00 p.m. until 22.00 p.m. The efforts for internal public are holding campaign in PT PLN   (Persero)  APJ   Surakarta,   persuading   the   employees   of   PT   PLN  (Persero)  APJ   Surakarta   to   use  electricity economically, and turning off light of PT PLN (persero) APJ Surakarta at 17.00 p.m. until  22.00 p.m. The  implementation of   the program mostly  run well  even  though  the Public Relations  has  weaknesses; they are the budget and the facilities of Public Relations Division of PT PLN (Persero)  APJ Surakarta.  At last,  the writer gives some suggestions to Public Relations Division of PT PLN  (Persero) APJ Surakarta, such as increasing the quality and quantity of the facilities, improving the   skills of the officers in order to conform to their field, and increasing more budgets to support their  activities

Energy dependent power spectral states and origin of aperiodic variability in black hole binaries

We found the black hole candidate MAXI J1659-152 showed distinct power spectra, i.e., a power-law noise (PLN) vs. band-limited noise (BLN) plus quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), below and above about 2 keV respectively, in the observations with the Swift and the RXTE during the 2010 outburst, indicating a high energy cut-off of the PLN and a low energy cut-off of the BLN and the QPOs around 2 keV. The emergence of the PLN and the fading of the BLN and the QPOs initially took place from below 2 keV when the source entered the hard intermediate state and finally settled in the soft state three weeks later. The evolution was accompanied by the emergence of the disk spectral component and decreases in the amplitudes of variability in the soft X-ray and the hard X-ray bands. Our results indicate that the PLN is associated with the optically thick disk in both hard and intermediate states, and power spectral state is independent of the X-ray energy spectral state in a broadband view. We suggest that in the hard and the intermediate state, the BLN and the QPOs emerge from the innermost hot flow subjected to Comptonization, while the PLN originates from the optically thick disk further out. The energy cut-offs of the PLN and the BLN or QPOs then follow the temperature of the seed photons from the inner edge of the optically thick disk, while the high frequency cut-off of the PLN follows the orbital frequency at the inner edge of the optically thick disk as well.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Differences in clinicopathologic variables between Borrelia C6 antigen seroreactive and Borrelia C6 seronegative glomerulopathy in dogs.

BackgroundRapidly progressive glomerulonephritis has been described in dogs that seroreact to Borrelia burgdorferi, but no studies have compared clinicopathologic differences in Lyme-seroreactive dogs with protein-losing nephropathy (PLN) versus dogs with Borrelia-seronegative PLN.Hypothesis/objectivesDogs with Borrelia C6 antigen-seroreactive PLN have distinct clinicopathologic findings when compared to dogs with Borrelia seronegative PLN.AnimalsForty dogs with PLN and Borrelia C6 antigen seroreactivity and 78 C6-seronegative temporally matched dogs with PLN.MethodsRetrospective prevalence case-control study. Clinical information was retrieved from records of dogs examined at the University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Histopathologic findings in renal tissue procured by biopsy or necropsy of dogs with PLN were reviewed.ResultsRetrievers and retriever mixes were overrepresented in seroreactive dogs (P < .001). Seroreactive dogs were more likely to have thrombocytopenia (P < .001), azotemia (P = .002), hyperphosphatemia (P < .001), anemia (P < .001), and neutrophilia (P = .003). Hematuria, glucosuria, and pyuria despite negative urine culture were more likely in seroreactive dogs (all P ≤ .002). Histopathologic findings were consistent with immune-complex glomerulonephritis in 16 of 16 case dogs and 7 of 23 control dogs (P = 006). Prevalence of polyarthritis was not different between groups (P = .17).Conclusions and clinical importanceC6 seroreactivity in dogs with PLN is associated with a clinicopathologically distinct syndrome when compared with other types of PLN. Early recognition of this syndrome has the potential to improve outcomes through specific aggressive and early treatment

A Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Localized Protein Phosphatase Regulates Phospholamban Phosphorylation and Promotes Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in the Heart.

Phospholamban (PLN) is a key regulator of sarcolemma calcium uptake in cardiomyocyte, its inhibitory activity to SERCA is regulated by phosphorylation. PLN hypophosphorylation is a common molecular feature in failing heart. The current study provided evidence at molecular, cellular and whole heart levels to implicate a sarcolemma membrane targeted protein phosphatase, PP2Ce, as a specific and potent PLN phosphatase. PP2Ce expression was elevated in failing human heart and induced acutely at protein level by β -adrenergic stimulation or oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. PP2Ce expression in mouse heart blunted β-adrenergic response and exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, PP2Ce is a new regulator for cardiac function and pathogenesis

MINIATURE ATS BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA 8

Tujuan utama dari proyek akhir ini untuk merancang dan membuat suatu teknologi yang bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, khususnya kebutuhan sumber energi listrik terbaharukan. Teknologi ini berfungsi untuk mengoptimalkan suatu sistem kelangsungan pengadaan tenaga listrik, dalam hal ini adalah sistem penghematan listrik dengan tenaga matahari untuk menggantikan energi listrik dari PLN. yang sangat diaplikasikan untuk penghematan dan pengolahan energi terbaharukan. Metode yang digunakan dalam memindahkan energi listrik dari sumber PLN ke sumber tenaga listrik yang terbaharukan, dengan cara mengidentifikasi potensi peluang pemanfaatan energi listrik yang dapat diolah dari sinar matahari secara maksimal sesuai kebutuhan, rancangan yang digunakan sebagai media pengolah energi sinar matahari berupa solar cell dan inverter dengan beberapa manfaat utama diantaranya memiliki daya yang cukup tinggi untuk mengolah energi sinar matahari kebentuk energi listrik, tidak menimbulkan sisa pembakaran atau residu yang sangat merusak alam. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dari alat auto transfer switch (ATS) telah menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai dengan perencanaan. Alat ini dapat memindahkan sumber energi listrik dari sumber PLN ke inverter sell surya (sumber dari inverter sebagai sumber yang diutamakan) untuk mensuplai beban, dengan tunda waktu yang dapat ditentukan. Sistem perpindahan secara otomatis dipengaruhi oleh tegangan yang kurang dari 209 volt. LCD dapat menampilkan informasi pengaturan tunda waktu dan nilai tegangan inverter sell surya dan tegangan PLN, dan juga menampilkan kursor sebagai tanda sumber tegangan dari inverter atau dari sumber tegangan PLN untuk mensuplai beban

Genetic control of sterol esterification in developing wheat endosperm

1. 1. The action of gene Pln, previously characterized by the sterol ester patterns of mature whole wheat kernels, has been found to be restricted to the endosperm and not to affect the embryo, the pericarp or the seed coat. 2. 2. The dominant allele Pln, which determines a sterol ester pattern with palmitate as the main ester, is also responsible for a low level of free sterol at maturity. A high level of free sterol is associated with the recessive allele pln, which determines an ester pattern with linoleate as the main ester. 3. 3. Divergence between the two phenotypes starts at about 21 days after anthesis, when cell proliferation has been completed, the aleurone layer has differentiated, and only cell enlargement is taking place. A marked increase in esterification, mainly by palmitate, which is controlled by the dominant allele, is concomitant with a sharp decrease in free sterol. 4. 4. The increased net esterification is non-specific with respect to 4-demethyl sterols, because it affects the four main ones, namely sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and cholester

STRUCTURAL FEASIBILITY OF A PRECAST BUILDING SYSTEM

In a global context where the need for quality housing is increasing with improved standard of living and growing population, the over exploitation of natural resources as building materials is becoming a serious problem. In addition, many construction related issues are coming up due to the increased costs, higher construction time and lack of construction labour. In this context, precast building systems with pre-stressed concrete slabs, beams and columns along with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) based light weight concrete sandwich panels as an infill material has a great potential to become an alternative construction technique. The research presented in the thesis was aimed at assessing the structural feasibility of the proposed system. To this end, design and constructability aspects related to the pre-stressed concrete slabs, beams and columns are presented along with a comparison of a two-storey house between this system and a conventional reinforced concrete structure. In addition, the design of pre-stressed columns is discussed in detail through the development of interaction diagrams. This system is beneficial due to the use of reduced section sizes, saving on steel and elimination of formwork and falsework. Also, in this research, the use of mechanically recycled expanded polystyrene as 50 % of the total EPS used in a composite foam concrete panel has been assessed experimentally. The results of the experimental program have been interpreted with respect to various useful structural behaviours. It is shown that the use of this foam concrete along with cement fibre boards produces a light weight wall panel that can be used very effectively for non-loadbearing walls in houses, apartment buildings, hotels and commercial buildings thus reducing the overall weight of the building while allowing rapid construction that results in a durable system

A Peroxisomal Lon Protease and Peroxisome Degradation by Autophagy Play Key Roles in Vitality of Hansenula polymorpha Cells

In eukaryote cells various mechanisms exist that are responsible for the removal of non-functional proteins. Here we show that in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha (H. polymorpha) a peroxisomal Lon protease, Pln, plays a role in degradation of unfolded and non-assembled peroxisomal matrix proteins. In addition, we demonstrate that whole peroxisomes are constitutively degraded by autophagy during normal vegetative growth of WT cells. Deletion of both H. polymorpha PLN and ATG1, required for autophagy, resulted in a significant increase in peroxisome numbers, paralleled by a decrease in cell viability relative to WT cells. Also, in these cells and in cells of PLN and ATG1 single deletion strains, the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species had increased relative to WT controls. The enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species may be related to an uneven distribution of peroxisomal catalase activities in the mutant cells, as demonstrated by cytochemistry. We speculate that in the absence of HpPln or autophagy unfolded and non-assembled peroxisomal matrix proteins accumulate, which can form aggregates and lead to an imbalance in hydrogen peroxide production and degradation in some of the organelles.