The dynamics and control of large flexible space structures, 8

A development of the in plane open loop rotational equations of motion for the proposed Spacecraft Control Laboratory Experiment (SCOLE) in orbit configuration is presented based on an Eulerian formulation. The mast is considered to be a flexible beam connected to the (rigid) shuttle and the reflector. Frequencies and mode shapes are obtained for the mast vibrational appendage modes (assumed to be decoupled) for different boundary conditions based on continuum approaches and also preliminary results are obtained using a finite element representation of the mast reflector system. The linearized rotational in plane equation is characterized by periodic coefficients and open loop system stability can be examined with an application of the Floquet theorem. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the potential instability associated with actuator time delays even for delays which represent only a small fraction of the natural period of oscillation of the modes contained in the open loop model of the system. When plant and measurement noise effects are added to the previously designed deterministic model of the hoop column system, it is seen that both the system transient and steady state performance are degraded. Mission requirements can be satisfied by appropriate assignment of cost function weighting elements and changes in the ratio of plant noise to measurement noise

Strategies for Real-Time Position Control of a Single Atom in Cavity QED

Recent realizations of single-atom trapping and tracking in cavity QED open the door for feedback schemes which actively stabilize the motion of a single atom in real time. We present feedback algorithms for cooling the radial component of motion for a single atom trapped by strong coupling to single-photon fields in an optical cavity. Performance of various algorithms is studied through simulations of single-atom trajectories, with full dynamical and measurement noise included. Closed loop feedback algorithms compare favorably to open-loop "switching" analogs, demonstrating the importance of applying actual position information in real time. The high optical information rate in current experiments enables real-time tracking that approaches the standard quantum limit for broadband position measurements, suggesting that realistic active feedback schemes may reach a regime where measurement backaction appreciably alters the motional dynamics.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to J. Opt. B Quant. Semiclass. Op

Design and implementation of robust decentralized control laws for the ACES structure at Marshall Space Flight Center

Many large space system concepts will require active vibration control to satisfy critical performance requirements such as line-of-sight accuracy. In order for these concepts to become operational it is imperative that the benefits of active vibration control be practically demonstrated in ground based experiments. The results of the experiment successfully demonstrate active vibration control for a flexible structure. The testbed is the Active Control Technique Evaluation for Spacecraft (ACES) structure at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The ACES structure is dynamically traceable to future space systems and especially allows the study of line-of-sight control issues

The dynamics and control of large flexible space structures, part 7

A preliminary Eulerian formulation of the in-plane dynamics of the proposed spacecraft control laboratory experiment configuration is undertaken when the mast is treated as a cantilever type beam and the reflector as a lumped mass at the end of the beam. Frequency and mode shapes are obtained for the open loop model of the beam system and the stability of closed loop control systems is analyzed by both frequency and time domain techniques. Environmental disturbances due to solar radiation pressure are incorporated into models of controlled large flexible orbiting platforms. Thermally induced deformations of simple beam and platform type structures are modelled and expressions developed for the disturbance torques resulting from the interaction of solar radiation pressure. Noise effects in the deterministic model of the hoop/column antenna system are found to cause a degradation in system performance. Appropriate changes in the ratio of plant noise to the measurement noise and/or changes in the control weighting matrix elements can improve transient and steady state performance

On the Stabilization and Stability Robustness Against Small Delays of Some Damped wave equations

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this note we consider a system which can be modeled by two different one-dimensional damped wave equations in a bounded domain, both parameterized by a nonnegative damping constant. We assume that the system is fixed at one end and is controlled by a boundary controller at the other end. We consider two problems, namely the stabilization and the stability robustness of the closed-loop system against arbitrary small time delays in the feedback loop. We propose a class of dynamic boundary controllers and show that these controllem solve the stabilization problem when the damping cuefMent is nonnegative and stability robustness problem when the damping coefficient is strictly positive

Optimal boundary control of dynamics responses of piezo actuating micro-beams

AbstractOptimal control theory is formulated and applied to damp out the vibrations of micro-beams where the control action is implemented using piezoceramic actuators. The use of piezoceramic actuators such as PZT in vibration control is preferable because of their large bandwidth, their mechanical simplicity and their mechanical power to produce controlling forces. The objective function is specified as a weighted quadratic functional of the dynamic responses of the micro-beam which is to be minimized at a specified terminal time using continuous piezoelectric actuators. The expenditure of the control forces is included in the objective function as a penalty term. The optimal control law for the micro-beam is derived using a maximum principle developed by Sloss et al. [J.M. Sloss, J.C. Bruch Jr., I.S. Sadek, S. Adali, Maximum principle for optimal boundary control of vibrating structures with applications to beams, Dynamics and Control: An International Journal 8 (1998) 355–375; J.M. Sloss, I.S. Sadek, J.C. Bruch Jr., S. Adali, Optimal control of structural dynamic systems in one space dimension using a maximum principle, Journal of Vibration and Control 11 (2005) 245–261] for one-dimensional structures where the control functions appear in the boundary conditions in the form of moments. The derived maximum principle involves a Hamiltonian expressed in terms of an adjoint variable as well as admissible control functions. The state and adjoint variables are linked by terminal conditions leading to a boundary-initial-terminal value problem. The explicit solution of the problem is developed for the micro-beam using eigenfunction expansions of the state and adjoint variables. The numerical results are given to assess the effectiveness and the capabilities of piezo actuation by means of moments to damp out the vibration of the micro-beam with a minimum level of voltage applied on the piezo actuators

Adaptive identification and control of structural dynamics systems using recursive lattice filters

A new approach for adaptive identification and control of structural dynamic systems by using least squares lattice filters thar are widely used in the signal processing area is presented. Testing procedures for interfacing the lattice filter identification methods and modal control method for stable closed loop adaptive control are presented. The methods are illustrated for a free-free beam and for a complex flexible grid, with the basic control objective being vibration suppression. The approach is validated by using both simulations and experimental facilities available at the Langley Research Center

Physics and Applications of Laser Diode Chaos

An overview of chaos in laser diodes is provided which surveys experimental achievements in the area and explains the theory behind the phenomenon. The fundamental physics underpinning this behaviour and also the opportunities for harnessing laser diode chaos for potential applications are discussed. The availability and ease of operation of laser diodes, in a wide range of configurations, make them a convenient test-bed for exploring basic aspects of nonlinear and chaotic dynamics. It also makes them attractive for practical tasks, such as chaos-based secure communications and random number generation. Avenues for future research and development of chaotic laser diodes are also identified.Comment: Published in Nature Photonic