15,034 research outputs found
Smaller Parameters for Vertex Cover Kernelization
We revisit the topic of polynomial kernels for Vertex Cover relative to
structural parameters. Our starting point is a recent paper due to Fomin and
Str{\o}mme [WG 2016] who gave a kernel with vertices
when is a vertex set such that each connected component of contains
at most one cycle, i.e., is a modulator to a pseudoforest. We strongly
generalize this result by using modulators to -quasi-forests, i.e., graphs
where each connected component has a feedback vertex set of size at most ,
and obtain kernels with vertices. Our result relies
on proving that minimal blocking sets in a -quasi-forest have size at most
. This bound is tight and there is a related lower bound of
on the bit size of kernels.
In fact, we also get bounds for minimal blocking sets of more general graph
classes: For -quasi-bipartite graphs, where each connected component can be
made bipartite by deleting at most vertices, we get the same tight bound of
vertices. For graphs whose connected components each have a vertex cover
of cost at most more than the best fractional vertex cover, which we call
-quasi-integral, we show that minimal blocking sets have size at most
, which is also tight. Combined with existing randomized polynomial
kernelizations this leads to randomized polynomial kernelizations for
modulators to -quasi-bipartite and -quasi-integral graphs. There are
lower bounds of and
for the bit size of such kernels
An explicit formula for the Berezin star product
We prove an explicit formula of the Berezin star product on Kaehler
manifolds. The formula is expressed as a summation over certain strongly
connected digraphs. The proof relies on a combinatorial interpretation of
Englis' work on the asymptotic expansion of the Laplace integral.Comment: 19 pages, to appear in Lett. Math. Phy
Generating Functions For Kernels of Digraphs (Enumeration & Asymptotics for Nim Games)
In this article, we study directed graphs (digraphs) with a coloring
constraint due to Von Neumann and related to Nim-type games. This is equivalent
to the notion of kernels of digraphs, which appears in numerous fields of
research such as game theory, complexity theory, artificial intelligence
(default logic, argumentation in multi-agent systems), 0-1 laws in monadic
second order logic, combinatorics (perfect graphs)... Kernels of digraphs lead
to numerous difficult questions (in the sense of NP-completeness,
#P-completeness). However, we show here that it is possible to use a generating
function approach to get new informations: we use technique of symbolic and
analytic combinatorics (generating functions and their singularities) in order
to get exact and asymptotic results, e.g. for the existence of a kernel in a
circuit or in a unicircuit digraph. This is a first step toward a
generatingfunctionology treatment of kernels, while using, e.g., an approach "a
la Wright". Our method could be applied to more general "local coloring
constraints" in decomposable combinatorial structures.Comment: Presented (as a poster) to the conference Formal Power Series and
Algebraic Combinatorics (Vancouver, 2004), electronic proceeding
Data Reduction for Graph Coloring Problems
This paper studies the kernelization complexity of graph coloring problems
with respect to certain structural parameterizations of the input instances. We
are interested in how well polynomial-time data reduction can provably shrink
instances of coloring problems, in terms of the chosen parameter. It is well
known that deciding 3-colorability is already NP-complete, hence parameterizing
by the requested number of colors is not fruitful. Instead, we pick up on a
research thread initiated by Cai (DAM, 2003) who studied coloring problems
parameterized by the modification distance of the input graph to a graph class
on which coloring is polynomial-time solvable; for example parameterizing by
the number k of vertex-deletions needed to make the graph chordal. We obtain
various upper and lower bounds for kernels of such parameterizations of
q-Coloring, complementing Cai's study of the time complexity with respect to
these parameters.
Our results show that the existence of polynomial kernels for q-Coloring
parameterized by the vertex-deletion distance to a graph class F is strongly
related to the existence of a function f(q) which bounds the number of vertices
which are needed to preserve the NO-answer to an instance of q-List-Coloring on
F.Comment: Author-accepted manuscript of the article that will appear in the FCT
2011 special issue of Information & Computatio
FPT is Characterized by Useful Obstruction Sets
Many graph problems were first shown to be fixed-parameter tractable using
the results of Robertson and Seymour on graph minors. We show that the
combination of finite, computable, obstruction sets and efficient order tests
is not just one way of obtaining strongly uniform FPT algorithms, but that all
of FPT may be captured in this way. Our new characterization of FPT has a
strong connection to the theory of kernelization, as we prove that problems
with polynomial kernels can be characterized by obstruction sets whose elements
have polynomial size. Consequently we investigate the interplay between the
sizes of problem kernels and the sizes of the elements of such obstruction
sets, obtaining several examples of how results in one area yield new insights
in the other. We show how exponential-size minor-minimal obstructions for
pathwidth k form the crucial ingredient in a novel OR-cross-composition for
k-Pathwidth, complementing the trivial AND-composition that is known for this
problem. In the other direction, we show that OR-cross-compositions into a
parameterized problem can be used to rule out the existence of efficiently
generated quasi-orders on its instances that characterize the NO-instances by
polynomial-size obstructions.Comment: Extended abstract with appendix, as accepted to WG 201
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