Localization in Long-range Ultra Narrow Band IoT Networks using RSSI

Internet of things wireless networking with long range, low power and low throughput is raising as a new paradigm enabling to connect trillions of devices efficiently. In such networks with low power and bandwidth devices, localization becomes more challenging. In this work we take a closer look at the underlying aspects of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) based localization in UNB long-range IoT networks such as Sigfox. Firstly, the RSSI has been used for fingerprinting localization where RSSI measurements of GPS anchor nodes have been used as landmarks to classify other nodes into one of the GPS nodes classes. Through measurements we show that a location classification accuracy of 100% is achieved when the classes of nodes are isolated. When classes are approaching each other, our measurements show that we can still achieve an accuracy of 85%. Furthermore, when the density of the GPS nodes is increasing, we can rely on peer-to-peer triangulation and thus improve the possibility of localizing nodes with an error less than 20m from 20% to more than 60% of the nodes in our measurement scenario. 90% of the nodes is localized with an error of less than 50m in our experiment with non-optimized anchor node locations.Comment: Accepted in ICC 17. To be presented in IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Paris, France, 201

Performance Analysis of IoTWireless Cellular Systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a reality and with it comes the need to support more devices with better coverage and low power consumption on the wireless network. One of the Low-Power Wide Wan (LPWA) technologies that aims to meet these requirements is Narrow-Band IoT (NB-IoT). NB-IoT is a 4G cellular technology particularly focused on IoT scenarios demanding for low throughput and very low energy consumption. This dissertation investigates the capacity and performance of NB-IoT technology in real-world scenarios by comparing the results of measurements performed under different radio conditions around Lisbon’s metropolitan area. Inspired by related works presented in the dissertation, the approaches adopted in this work are explained and the metrics collected are described in detail. Through practical measurements campaigns we characterize different metrics of NB-IoT performance for different propagation scenarios, identifying hypothetical causes for the observed performance.A Internet das Coisas (IoT) está a tornar-se uma realidade e com ela surge uma necessidade de albergar mais dispositivos com melhor cobertura e menor consumo de energia nas redes sem fios. Uma das tecnologias Low-Power Wide Area (LPWA) que visa atender a esses requisitos é Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT). NB-IoT é uma tecnologia celular 4G particularmente focada em cenários de IoT que exigem baixo débito e baixo consumo de energia. Esta dissertação investiga a capacidade e o desempenho da tecnologia NB-IoT em cenários do mundo real, comparando os resultados das medições realizadas sob diferentes condições de rádio na área metropolitana de Lisboa. Tomando como inspiração alguns trabalhos relacionados apresentados na dissertação, as abordagens adotadas neste trabalho são devidamente explicadas e as métricas descritas em detalhes. Através de medições práticas, são caracterizadas diferentes métricas de desempenho de NB-IoT para diferentes cenários de propagação, identificando causas hipotéticas para o desempenho observado

Wireless Localization in Narrowband-IoT Networks

Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging technology, which connects devices to the internet and with the upcoming of 5G, even more devices will be connected. Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) is a promising cellular technology that supports the connection of IoT devices and their integration with the existing long-term evolution (LTE) networks. The Increase of location-based services that requires localization for IoT devices is growing with the increase in IoT devices and applications. This thesis considers the localization of IoT devices in the NB-IoT wireless network. Localization emulation is produced in which Software Defined Radio (SDR) used to implement Base stations (BS) and user equipment (UE). Channel emulator was used to emulate wireless channel conditions, and a personal computer (PC) to calculate the UE location. The distance from each BS to the UE is calculated using Time of arrival (TOA). Triangulation method used to estimate the UE's position from the different BSs distances to the UE. The accuracy of positioning is analysed with various simulation scenarios and the results compared with third generation partnership project (3GPP) Release 14 standards for NB-IoT. The positioning accuracy requirement of 50 m horizontal accuracy for localization in NB-IoT 3GPP standardized have been achieved, under Line of Sight (LOS) full triangulation scenarios 1 and 2

increasing efficiency of resource allocation for d2d communication in nb iot context

Abstract Internet of things (IoT) and device to device (D2D) communications are among the novel promising technologies in the current releases of 4G and they will play a fundamental role in the next generation 5G as well. In this paper, it is investigated the impact of allocation strategies that take into account the mutual interference in D2D Narrow-Band IoT terminals and cellular terminals transmitting in the same resource block. In a multi-cellular downlink context, the proposed approach and the analysis can serve also as an efficient criterion for selecting the target SINR, useful for managing the power control in the uplink. The rate improvement, measured with the proposed approach, is between 10% and 15% w.r.t. conventional techniques

Up-Link Capacity Derivation for Ultra-Narrow-Band IoT Wireless Networks

International audienceThanks to its low energy consumption and very long range (upto 50 km in free-space), ultra-narrow-band transmission (UNB) represents apromising alternative to classical technologies used in cellular networks to servelow-throughput wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the Internet of things(IoT). In UNB, nodes access to the medium by selecting their frequency ina random and continuous way. This randomness leads to new behavior inthe interference which has not been theoretically analyzed, when consideringthe pathloss of nodes randomly deployed around the receiver. In this paper, inorder to quantify the system performance, we derive and exploit two theoreticalexpressions of the outage probability in a UNB based IoT network, accountingfor both interference due to the spectral randomness and path loss due to thepropagation (with and without Rayleigh fading). This enables us to estimatethe network capacity as a function of the path-loss exponent, by determiningthe maximum number of simultaneous supported nodes. We highlight that thebandwidth should be chosen based on the propagation channel properties

On the Fundamental Limits of Random Non-orthogonal Multiple Access in Cellular Massive IoT

Machine-to-machine (M2M) constitutes the communication paradigm at the basis of Internet of Things (IoT) vision. M2M solutions allow billions of multi-role devices to communicate with each other or with the underlying data transport infrastructure without, or with minimal, human intervention. Current solutions for wireless transmissions originally designed for human-based applications thus require a substantial shift to cope with the capacity issues in managing a huge amount of M2M devices. In this paper, we consider the multiple access techniques as promising solutions to support a large number of devices in cellular systems with limited radio resources. We focus on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) where, with the aim to increase the channel efficiency, the devices share the same radio resources for their data transmission. This has been shown to provide optimal throughput from an information theoretic point of view.We consider a realistic system model and characterise the system performance in terms of throughput and energy efficiency in a NOMA scenario with a random packet arrival model, where we also derive the stability condition for the system to guarantee the performance.Comment: To appear in IEEE JSAC Special Issue on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for 5G System

Goodbye, ALOHA!

©2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.The vision of the Internet of Things (IoT) to interconnect and Internet-connect everyday people, objects, and machines poses new challenges in the design of wireless communication networks. The design of medium access control (MAC) protocols has been traditionally an intense area of research due to their high impact on the overall performance of wireless communications. The majority of research activities in this field deal with different variations of protocols somehow based on ALOHA, either with or without listen before talk, i.e., carrier sensing multiple access. These protocols operate well under low traffic loads and low number of simultaneous devices. However, they suffer from congestion as the traffic load and the number of devices increase. For this reason, unless revisited, the MAC layer can become a bottleneck for the success of the IoT. In this paper, we provide an overview of the existing MAC solutions for the IoT, describing current limitations and envisioned challenges for the near future. Motivated by those, we identify a family of simple algorithms based on distributed queueing (DQ), which can operate for an infinite number of devices generating any traffic load and pattern. A description of the DQ mechanism is provided and most relevant existing studies of DQ applied in different scenarios are described in this paper. In addition, we provide a novel performance evaluation of DQ when applied for the IoT. Finally, a description of the very first demo of DQ for its use in the IoT is also included in this paper.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

IoT protocols, architectures, and applications

The proliferation of embedded systems, wireless technologies, and Internet protocols have made it possible for the Internet-of-things (IoT) to bridge the gap between the physical and the virtual world and thereby enabling monitoring and control of the physical environment by data processing systems. IoT refers to the inter-networking of everyday objects that are equipped with sensing, computing, and communication capabilities. These networks can collaborate to autonomously solve a variety of tasks. Due to the very diverse set of applications and application requirements, there is no single communication technology that is able to provide cost-effective and close to optimal performance in all scenarios. In this chapter, we report on research carried out on a selected number of IoT topics: low-power wide-area networks, in particular, LoRa and narrow-band IoT (NB-IoT); IP version 6 over IEEE 802.15.4 time-slotted channel hopping (6TiSCH); vehicular antenna design, integration, and processing; security aspects for vehicular networks; energy efficiency and harvesting for IoT systems; and software-defined networking/network functions virtualization for (SDN/NFV) IoT